Induction of vascular haemostasis by Nd:YAG laser light in melanin-rich and melanin-free tissue

Haemostasis was effected in vessels of melanin-rich (MR: choroid) and melanin-free (MF: mesentery) rabbit tissue irradiated with a cw-Nd: YAG laser. The following parameters were employed: - pulse duration: 200 ms (MR) and 100ms (MF); focal spot diameter: 200 m (MR) and 80 m (MF); pulse energies: 100–250 mJ (MR) and 0.5-1J (MF); irradiances: 1.6–4.0kWcm^–2 (MR) and 1–2 × 10²kWcm² (MF). In melanin-rich tissue, laser energy is absorbed principally by melanin granules contained within the stromal melanocytes. The heat generated in these structures radiates into the surrounding tissue where it is dissipated. The damage thus incurred by the endothelium of blood vessels encompassed within this field triggers the haemostatic mechanism whereby blood flow is arrested. This effect is realized by the formation of an occluding plug of platelets, which is stabilized by the deposition of fibrin, particularly in capillaries, and to a lesser degree in larger vessels of the vascular lamina. In melanin-free tissue, haemoglobin serves as the primary site of energy absorption, which is thus shifted from the stroma to the vessel lumen. Irradiation of vessels in such tissue leads to thermocoagulation of plasma proteins and consequent stasis of blood flow.     

Possible role of dopamine in central effects of cocaine as measured by apomorphine gnawing test in mice

Apomorphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) does not induce in mice a compulsion to gnaw, but pretreatment with cocaine (10–40 mg/kg, i.p.) caused gnawing activity. This effect of cocaine was inhibited by pretreatment with -methyl-p-tyrosine, haloperidol, and physostigmine, but not with FLA-63, phenoxybenzamine and tetrabenazine. These findings would suggest that dopaminergic mechanism plays a significant role in the potentiation of apomorphine gnawing activity by cocaine and also support the view that inhibition of dopamine uptake is responsible for the stimulatory action of cocaine.     

肱骨外髁的生物力学实验研究及其临床应用

目的 :从生物力学角度探讨肱骨外髁骨折的发生机制和固定方法。方法 :通过电测实验法、三维光弹实验法 ,空间有限元分析法 ,研究肱骨外髁在各种体位下的受力情况和复位固定方法 ,三种实验方法互为验证 ,并应用于临床。结果 :66例肱骨外髁翻转骨折病人 ,经治疗优良率达 90 .9%。结论 :肱骨外髁骨折好发于肘关节半屈曲位跌倒 ,和肘关节伸直内翻位跌倒。骨折复位后固定在屈肘 60°～ 90°前臂旋后位最为稳定。本实验结论具有推广应用价值。     

贝类毒素检验及排除方法的研究进展

简要介绍了麻痹性贝类毒素、腹泻性贝类毒素、神经性贝类毒素及健忘性贝类毒素等贝类毒素的来源、性质、组成及中毒机理，并探讨了贝类毒素的检验及其排除方法。     

虎杖提取物抗炎作用的实验研究

[目的]考察虎杖的乙酸乙酯提取物的抗炎作用及初步机制。[方法]分别以地塞米松、阿司匹林和环磷酰胺为阳性对照药,采用虎杖的乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠和大鼠的多种炎症模型进行抑制实验。[结果]虎杖的乙酸乙酯提取物对角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀有显著抑制作用(P<0.00 J);对小鼠、大鼠纸片法所致肉芽肿有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);对腹腔注射醋酸所致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);对角叉菜胶所致小鼠肿胀足中炎症介质PGE2合成有显著抑制作用(P<0.001);对三硝基氯苯诱导的小鼠迟发性超敏反应有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);对肾上腺切除大鼠纸片法致肉芽肿(P<0.01)及角叉菜胶所致足跖肿胀(P<0.05)有显著抑制作用,但其抑制率均较正常大鼠相应实验抑制率有所降低。[结论]虎杖的乙酸乙酯提取物有一定的抗炎作用,其作用机制可能是抑制炎症介质PGE2的合成、抑制细胞免疫及与垂体-肾上腺皮质系统有关。     

针灸治疗单纯性肥胖症及机理研究探讨

单纯性肥胖症是当今社会常见病、多发病之一。近年来 ,针灸治疗单纯性肥胖症无论在临床方面还是在实验机理研究方面 ,均取得较大进展。但针灸减肥的机理研究大多局限在中枢神经核团神经递质含量的研究 ,没有新的突破 ,在临床方面有待于更多、更科学、更规范的临床研究报道。     

中药炮制机理初探

开展中药炮制机理研究，揭示其炮制内涵变化实质，是确定中药饮片最佳炮制工艺，制定饮片质量标准，提高临床治疗疗效，发展炮制学科理论水平的关键。     

镇痛药研究进展

镇痛药研究引入了细胞及分子生物学的最新研究手段和方法，并从神经激肽类阻滞剂、N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(N—methyl—D—aspartate，NMDA)受体阻滞剂、腺苷激酶抑制剂、脑啡肽分解酶抑制剂、降钙素基因相关肽(Calcitonin gene—related peptide，CGRP)受体阻滞剂、镇痛复合制剂等方面拓宽了镇痛药研究的思路。新建立的研究模型包括培养脊髓背根神经节神经元模型及吞咽反应模型。     

青藤碱衍生物的合成及其抗炎镇痛活性青藤碱衍生物的合成及其抗炎镇痛活性

目的为定向设计合成高效低毒的新一代青藤碱类药物提供线索。方法以青藤碱为先导物,对C环进行结构改造。结果共合成7个衍生物,进行了抗炎镇痛活性的筛选,结果表明,化合物2和5具有较好的抗炎镇痛作用。结论C环结构修饰值得进一步研究。