动态血压监测比较吲哒帕胺和氨氯地平治疗高血压病疗效

目的了解评价吲哒帕胺降压效果并与氨氯地平比较。方法随机选择轻中度的Ⅱ期高血压病１２例，其中６例先予服吲哒帕胺（２．５～５ｍｇ／ｄ），另６例先服氨氯地平（５～１０ｍｇ／ｄ），治疗８周后停药２周，交叉服氨氯地平或吲哒帕胺８周。服每一种药前及８周均行２４小时动态血压监测，并同时监测偶测血压。结果两药治疗后２４小时血压均值、昼间血压均值、夜间血压均值和相应的血压负荷值均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。两药治疗前后夜间和白昼血压均值比明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。降压效应谷峰比值，两药均＞０．５，但氨氯地平高于吲哒帕胺（Ｐ＜０．０５）。偶测血压监测两药的有效率相似，总有效率均１００％，治疗后血压相显著下降。结论吲哒帕胺和氨氯地平均可持续地控制２４小时血压并具有良好的谷峰比，以及纠正异常的昼夜血压节律作用。但吲哒帕胺价格便宜，故推荐可做为优选的降压药物。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂症患者的疗效

目的:探究氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀在治疗高血压合并高血脂症中的临床疗效.方法:门诊治疗的高血压合并高血脂症患者200例,随机均分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者采用氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗,对照组患者采用氨氯地平进行治疗;观察两组患者治疗前后血压变化,比较治疗效果;同时比较两组患者治疗前后的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)及胆固醇(TC),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血肌酐、血钾(K+)及血尿酸水平.结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率优于对照组,不良反应明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),收缩压和舒张压较治疗前明显下降,观察组改善更明显(P＜0.05);观察组患者LDL-C、TG及TC水平较治疗前下降,而HDL-C升高,这些血脂成分改变优于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后,血肌酐和血尿酸水平下降明显(P＜0.05),与无变化的对照组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂症患者的治疗效果优于单独使用氨氯地平.     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病

目的：观察氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片在高血压合并冠心病治疗效果。方法：收集92例高血压合并冠心病患者,根据不同治疗方案将患者分为对照组和实验组,对照组采用硝苯地平缓释片治疗,实验组采用实氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,比较两组血压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯等指标,观察两组的治疗效果。结果：两组治疗前的收缩压与舒张压比较均无统计学意义（ P﹥0.05）;治疗后,实验组的收缩压与舒张压均显著低于对照组（P﹤0.05）,治疗后的血压均明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）;实验组总有效率为95.65％,对照组总有效率为82.61％（ P ﹤0.05）;实验组 TC、TG、LDL-L、HDL-L 指标显著低于对照组（ P ﹤0.05）。结论：高血压合并冠心病应用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗的疗效确切。     

比较不同时间服用缬沙坦对高血压患者血压变异性的影响

目的比较不同时间服用缬沙坦及苯磺酸氨氯地平片对原发性高血压（高血压）患者血压变异性（bloodpressurevariability,BPV）的影响。方法采用随机数字法将120例轻一中度高血压患者分成3组,分别为日间口服缬沙坦组、夜间口服缬沙坦组、日间口服苯磺酸氨氯地平组,治疗前、后进行24h动态血压监测。以动态血压变异标准差作为血压变异性指标,比较3个月后3种治疗方案对血压及血压变异性的影响。结果3种治疗方案均能有效降低血压,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在控制BPV方面,日间口服缬沙坦组的BPV改善不明显,与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与治疗前比较,夜间口服缬沙坦组[收缩压变异性：（11±3）mmHg眠（15±4）nlmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,P〈0．05;舒张压变异性：（7±2）mmHgVS．（10±4）mmHg,P〈0．05]和苯磺酸氨氯地平组[收缩压变异性：（10±3）mmHgIJS．（16±3）mmHg,P〈0．05;舒张压变异性：（6±2）mmHgVS．（11±2）mmHg,P〈0．05]的24h动态血压变异性降低,差异有统计学意义;苯磺酸氨氯地平组在改善BPV方面仍优于夜间口服缬沙坦组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论与日间服药相比,夜间服用缬沙坦能更有效改善血压变异性。     

左旋氨氯地平对血压控制不良患者微量白蛋白尿逆转作用的研究

目的观察不同联合治疗方案对高血压伴微量白蛋白尿(MAU)患者血压控制及白蛋白尿的逆转作用。方法选择使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂后,血压仍>140/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)且MAU阳性的高血压患者94例,随机分为左旋氨氯地平组52例(2.5～5 mg/d)、氢氯噻嗪组42例(1 2.5～25 mg/d),干预12周。观察不同治疗方案对血压控制以及MAU的逆转作用。结果左旋氨氯地平组和氢氯噻嗪组干预1 2周后,血压达标分别为35例和27例(67.3%vs 64.3%,P>0.05)。MAU转阴率分别为53.8%和1 9.0%(P<0.01);血压<140/90 mm Hg同时MAU下降≥30%的比例分别为80.8%和64.3%(P<0.05)。结论肾素-血管紧张素阻滞剂联合钙拮抗剂或利尿剂(氢氯噻嗪)的治疗方案在血压降低以及达标率方面无显著差异。联合钙拮抗剂在降低MAU方面明显优于联合利尿剂方案。     

固定复方氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙治疗高血压合并高脂血症患者的临床疗效及安全性

目的研究固定复方氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙治疗高血压合并高脂血症的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择轻、中度原发性高血压合并高脂血症患者217例,随机分为试验组108例,初始剂型口服复方氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙,1次/d;对照组109例,口服氨氯地平5 mg+阿托伐他汀钙10 mg,1次/d。4周后根据舒张压情况调整药物剂量,治疗时间为8周,观察疗效和不良事件。结果试验组和对照组治疗后收缩压、舒张压、LDL-C、TC、TG较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗期间2组不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且无严重不良事件发生。结论氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙治疗轻、中度原发性高血压合并高脂血症患者,降压、调脂疗效确切,安全耐受性良好。固定复方片剂可为患者提供治疗上的便利。     

Effects of telmisartan on cognition and regional cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients with Alzheimer's disease

Aim: Recent studies have shown that some antihypertensive medications are associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains uncertain whether antihypertensive drugs may have a preventive effect on cognitive decline in patients with AD. We investigated the effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ‐stimulating activity, on cognition and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in elderly hypertensive patients with AD. Methods: A total of 20 patients with probable AD and essential hypertension were randomly assigned to the telmisartan group (n = 10, 40–80 mg daily) or the amlodipine group (n = 10, 5–10 mg daily) for 6 months. Results: The groups had a similar significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after treatment. The telmisartan group did not show any changes in cognitive function test scores, while the amlodipine group showed significantly higher scores on the AD Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale (Japanese version). Analysis of covariance to analyze treatment effect revealed that the telmisartan group showed increased rCBF in the right supramarginal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, cuneus, and lingual gyrus compared with the amlodipine group, while the amlodipine group showed increased rCBF only in the right cingulate gyrus compared with the telmisartan group at 6 months. Conclusion: These findings suggest that telmisartan may have additional benefits and be useful for the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients with AD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 207–214.     

Synergism of amlodipine and candesartan on blood pressure reduction and organ protection in hypertensive rats

This study was designed to investigate the possible synergism of amlodipine and candesartan on the reduction of blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. The end organ protection was also observed. In acute experiment, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with intragastric administration of amlodipine (0.5, 1, 2, 3 mg/kg), candesartan (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 mg/kg), and 14 different combinations to find the possible ratio of synergistic interaction. In two kidneys, one clip (2K1C) rats, the effects of amlodipine (1 mg/kg), canderastan (2 mg/kg) and their combination on BP reduction were also observed. In chronic study, SHRs were treated with amlodipine (1 mg/kg), candesartan (2 mg/kg), and their combination for 5 months. Organ damage evaluation was performed after BP recording. The probability sum test (q test) was used to evaluate the synergistic action. There is a synergistic interaction between amlodipine and candesartan on BP reduction. The optimal dose ratio is 1:2. The synergistic effect was also confirmed by 2K1C hypertensive rats. In chronic study, this combination (1:2) possessed an obvious synergism on the reduction of BP and BP variability (BPV) and protection on end organs. Multiple regression analysis showed that heart and aortic hypertrophy indexes and glomerular damage parameters were positively related to BP and BPV. In conclusion, combination of amlodipine and candesartan exhibited a potent antihypertensive effect and possessed an obvious synergism on BP reduction and organ protection in hypertension. The optimal proportion was 1:2. BP and BPV reduction may both importantly contribute to end organ protection.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平长效微球的制备及其体内外释药特性的研究

目的采用o/w乳化-溶剂挥发法制备苯磺酸氯氯地平长效微球,并对其体内外释药特性进行研究。方法采用m PEG-PLA为载体制备苯磺酸氨氯地平微球。以包封率为评价指标,通过正交设计优化制备工艺。采用DDSolver 1.0软件,对其体外释药曲线进行拟合。采用DAS 2.1.1软件,对大鼠皮下注射苯磺酸氨氯地平微球后,体内的药代动力学参数进行处理。结果优化工艺制备的微球外观圆整,平均粒径为30 mm,平均载药量8.8%,平均包封率85.8%。体外释药行为符合Higuchi方程F=24.105＋6.734 t1/2（r=0.986 9）。大鼠体内的药-时曲线符合二室模型,并明显具有长效作用。另外,给药末期对给药部位进行病理学检验,未见刺激性反应。结论采用m PEG-PLA为载体材料可制成具有明显缓释作用的苯磺酸氨氯地平长效微球,并可用本试验的体外释放度条件对其体内释药特性进行评价,简化了研发进程。     

缬沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗社区老年原发性高血压合并糖尿病的效果观察

目的探讨缬沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗社区老年原发性高血压合并糖尿病的临床效果。方法将82例社区老年原发性高血压合并糖尿病患者分成对照组1、对照组2及实验组。给予对照组1氨氯地平,给予对照组2缬沙坦,实验组则使用氨氯地平联合缬沙坦,对比观察3组患者的临床疗效。结果治疗后,实验组的空腹血糖为（6．8±2．6）mmol／L,对照组2为（6．9±2．5）mmol／L均比治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;实验组降压总有效率为93．75％,对照组1为80．00％,对照组2为76．00％,实验组的降压效果较好（P〈0．05）。结论缬沙坦联合氨氯地平治疗社区老年原发性高血压合并糖尿病,可有效促进患者及早康复,值得推广使用。