HBV基因型与慢性乙型肝炎疾病谱的关系

目的　探讨乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)基因型与慢性乙型肝炎疾病谱相关性。方法　用S基因聚合酶链式反应 -限制片段长度多态性 (PCR -RFLP)的基因型分型方法对广东地区HBV感染者中无症状携带者 (AsC)组 80例和肝硬化组 (LC) 12 0例血清标本分型 ,比较两组基因型分布的异同。结果　基因型在AsC组分布 :B型 45 0 % ( 3 7/ 80 ) ;C型 3 3 75 % ( 2 6/ 80 ) ;D基因型 2 1 2 5 % ( 17/80 ) ;LC组HBV基因型分布B型 3 2 5 % ( 3 9/ 12 0 ) ;C型 65 8% ( 79/ 12 0 ) ;D基因型 1 6% ( 2 / 12 0 )。广州地区未发现A、E和F基因型 ,基因型在两组中的分布均与e抗原状态无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;ASC与LC组两组间基因型的分布有显著性差异 ( χ2 =3 1 92 4,P=0 0 0 0 )。结论　可初步认为广东地区HBV感染者以B和C型为优势基因型 ,AsC组中以B型为优势基因型 ,感染HBVD基因型病情轻 ,感染HBVC基因型病情更易于加重。     

成人及脐血甲氨喋呤载体红细胞天然免疫粘附活性研究

[目的]研究成人及脐血甲氨喋呤(MTX)载体红细胞天然免疫粘附活性的变化情况。[方法]以改良低渗预膨胀法制备成人及脐血MTX载体红细胞,采用新鲜血天然免疫功能快速测定法,检测载体制备过程中洗涤、预膨胀和载药各阶段红细胞的天然免疫粘附活性的变化情况。[结果]低渗预膨胀处理的成人及脐血红细胞,天然免疫粘附能力(粘附率)分别为61.45%±8.51%、17.00%±2.16%,明显高于各自的对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]载药处理对红细胞天然免疫粘附活性无明显影响。     

乙肝疫苗治疗乙型肝炎病毒携带者疗效观察

目的：探讨治疗性乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带者免疫调节作用。方法：将78例乙肝病毒携带者随机分成乙肝疫苗治疗组（A组）40例和对照组（B组）38例。A组用乙肝疫苗加猪苓多糖注射液，乙肝疫苗5ug／次，每周两次皮下注射，连续6周，猪苓多糖注射液40rag／日，一次肌注，连续20天后停一周再肌注，20天为一个疗程。B组单独应用猪苓多糖注射液，方法同上。结果：疗程结束后15天进行血清病原学测定，A组治疗其HBeAg和HBV-DNA阴转率明显高于B组。结论：乙肝疫苗治疗有病毒持续复制的乙肝病毒携带者是可行的。     

华蟾素治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒携带者临床研究

采用华蟾素治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)携带者147例,每日肌肉注射4ml,30天为1疗程,用药1～3个疗程。结果治疗组HBsAg、HBeAg、PHSA-R、DNAP阴转率分别为21.09%、38.89%、63.64%、50%,明显高于对照组(143例,以维丙肝、山豆根或甘草甜素治疗)的2.1%、10.87%、33.33%及7.7%(P<0.001～0.02)。抗-HBS、抗-HBe的阳转率前者为19.29%及23.45%,亦明显高于后者的4.26%及7.14%(P<0.001)。表明华蟾素对HBV复制有较明显的抑制作用。     

Solid lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery

Ocular drug delivery remains challenging because of the complex nature and structure of the eye. Conventional systems, such as eye drops and ointments, are inefficient, whereas systemic administration requires high doses resulting in significant toxicity. There is a need to develop novel drug delivery carriers capable of increasing ocular bioavailability and decreasing both local and systemic cytotoxicity. Nanotechnology is expected to revolutionize ocular drug delivery. Many nano-structured systems have been employed for ocular drug delivery and yielded some promising results. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been looked at as a potential drug carrier system since the 1990s. SLNs do not show biotoxicity as they are prepared from physiological lipids. SLNs are especially useful in ocular drug delivery as they can enhance the corneal absorption of drugs and improve the ocular bioavailability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. SLNs have another advantage of allowing autoclave sterilization, a necessary step towards formulation of ocular preparations. This review outlines in detail the various production, characterization, sterilization, and stabilization techniques for SLNs. In-vitro and in-vivo methods to study the drug release profile of SLNs have been explained. Special attention has been given to the nature of lipids and surfactants commonly used for SLN production. A summary of previous studies involving the use of SLNs in ocular drug delivery is provided, along with a critical evaluation of SLNs as a potential ocular delivery system.     

奥扎格雷纳米结构脂质载体的制备及体外评价

目的:制备奥扎格雷纳米结构脂质载体(ozagrel-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers,OZ-NLC),并考察其理化性质及体外释放。方法:采用熔融-超声乳化法制备OZ-NLC,通过正交设计法优化处方与制备工艺,使用透射电镜(TEM)、激光粒度测定仪、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及X-射线衍射仪(XRD)考察OZ-NLC的理化性质,通过溶出试验评价其体外释放效果。结果:所制备的OZ-NLC呈球形或类球形;平均粒径为(115±10)nm;Zeta电位为(-37.6±8.9)mV;平均包封率为(61.3±5.2)%;XRD与DSC表明药物以无定形形式分散于OZ-NLC中。与奥扎格雷混悬液相比,OZ-NLC的体外溶出量明显提高且具有很好的缓释效果。结论:熔融-超声乳化法制备的OZ-NLC对促进难溶性药物奥扎格雷的口服吸收具有一定的指导价值。     

乙肝携带者C3/Ig双特异性免疫复合物与体液免疫的相关性研究

目的 研究HBsAg无症状携带者（ASC）的体液免疫反应。方法 采用直线相关分析法,较系统地研究ASC的C3／Ig双特异性循环免疫复合物（C3／IgM-TCIC、C3／IgG-TCIC和C3／IgA-TCIC)与IgM、IgG、IgA和C3的相关性。结果 在健康对照组的诸种具有相关关系的指标中,ASC仅在C3／IgM-TCIC与总和游离IgM以及C3／IgG-TCIC与总和游离IgA具正相关与之一致。此外,ASC的C3／IgG-TCIC与复合IgA呈显著负相关,而健康人与之无关。结论ASC确存在体液免疫调节紊乱,其中最主要的是具有重要中和作用的IgG类抗体产生不足。     

壳聚糖衍生物——N-三甲基壳聚糖的促吸收作用研究进展

目的:探讨壳聚糖衍生物——N-三甲基壳聚糖促吸收作用的研究进展。方法:查阅国内外有关N-三甲基壳聚糖促吸收作用的机制、影响因素及应用的文献,并进行分析、总结。结果:N-三甲基壳聚糖可增加细胞旁路途径的跨膜转运,具有促进药物吸收的作用。结论:N-三甲基壳聚糖有望作为一种有效促吸收剂应用于药物制剂。     

菌影作为新型疫苗递送载体的研究进展

尽管基于重组蛋白或DNA的新型疫苗的开发以指数级上升,但是其免疫原性常弱于传统疫苗,缺少有效的递送系统是其应用的主要限制因素,因此迫切需要开发新型改良的递送系统和佐剂.菌影(bacterial ghost,BG)系统正是这类载体系统,它能将结合的抗原靶向APC,并具有佐剂活性.BG是一种无生命的革兰阴性菌包膜,无胞质内容物,但保留了细胞形态和天然表面抗原结构.由于BG具有颗粒特性并包含许多已知的免疫刺激成分,因此BG能增强抗其传递的靶抗原的免疫应答.作为一种新型的疫苗递送载体,菌影将被用于人用和兽用疫苗的生产.     

Opioid-based micro and nanoparticulate formulations: alternative approach on pain management

Context Opioids have been used as the reference treatment on chronic pain. However, they are related to serious adverse effects which affect the patient compliance to treatment, as well as, his quality of life. Particulate formulations have been investigated as an alternative to improve opioid efficacy and safety. Objective Summarise the available studies concerning micro and nanoencapsulated opioid formulations discussing their biopharmaceutical characteristics, such as composition, size, in vitro release, pharmacokinetic and antinociceptive profile. Methods Papers available in 1995–2015 at Medline, Science Direct and Web of Science databases were collected and assessed. Searches were performed using varied combinations of the keywords of this work. Results Opioid-loaded particles showed prolonged drug release with maintenance of serum therapeutic concentrations and extended analgesia when compared with the free drugs. The side effects incidences were reduced or maintained the same. Conclusion Particulate formulations can significantly increase both potency and safety profiles of opioids.