空气净化器吸附室内甲醛性能测试分析

目的：验证X牌空气净化器对室内甲醛的吸附性能。方法：在容积为30m^3,空气泄漏量小于0．05m^3/h,并装有中效和高效过滤器、空气循环通风系统、样品发生系统等的洁净试验室内,对其吸附甲醛的能力进行了衰减试验。结果：在一定时间内测定甲醛浓度的对数（lnCt)和时间变量之间求得的r值在－0．9950～-0.997之间,二个变量之间相关性显著,为负相关。同时对6组总衰减试验开启空气净化器后,甲醛浓度与初始浓度比较均有显著性差别（P＜0．01）,说明在开启空气净化器后,甲醛浓度随时间的延长而降低,而自然衰减试验20min时的甲醛浓度与初始浓度比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,净化效率分别为29．94％、31．85％、33．24％、44．31％、45．15％和44．68％。结论：该空气净化器能吸附室内空气中的甲醛。     

前房注气治疗闭角青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房

目的探讨应用前房注气术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房的效果。方法原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后Ⅱa级及Ⅱb级浅前房101例（118眼）分为2组：保守治疗组50例（60眼）,前房注气组51例（58眼）,进行回顾性研究,比较两组治疗后视力、眼压、远期滤过泡形态、治疗持续时间、治疗有效率及一次治疗成功率。结果原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房经保守治疗和前房注气治疗两组治疗后视力、眼压、治疗有效率、远期滤过泡形态比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,一次治疗成功率和治疗持续时间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。前房注气术一次治疗成功率93．1％,治疗时间短。结论前房注气术是治疗原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房的简单有效的方法。     

留置针接肝素帽时三种封管排气法的效果观察

目的寻找留置针接肝素帽时封管排除帽内残留空气的有效方法。方法将150例术后留置有静脉留置针未连接肝素帽的输液患者随机分成实验组（A组）和对照组（B组、C组）,A组采用改良封管法,B组先回抽后封管,C组直接封管,比较三组病例封管后帽内空气残留、针管回血、患者对护士封管的满意度、紧张情绪产生状况。结果采用A组方法患者在无空气残留、无回血率、无紧张情绪产生、对护士封管的满意度方面明显优于对照（B、C）组（P〈0.05）。结论实验组方法能有效避免肝素帽内空气残留及静脉回血,减少患者的紧张情绪,提高患者对护士工作的满意度。     

层流病房造血干细胞移植的护理组织管理

目的探讨层流病房造血干细胞移植护理的组织管理方法。方法对层流病房护士进行专科知识技能、心理干预能力及相关制度培训,建立质量控制标准,完善移植前各项准备工作,建立护理查房制度。结果提高了护士的专科理论知识及操作技能,33例患者均移植成功,无护理并发症发生。结论科学有效的组织管理是造血干细胞移植工作顺利开展的重要保证。     

洁净手术室不同状态空气质量的对比性研究

目的 探讨洁净手术室不同状态中空气质量的变化及细菌分类的不同,分析空气质量变化的原因,寻求有效预防手术伤口感染的措施.方法 对千级和万级洁净手术室在净化设备运行30 min时、手术开始10 min时、手术进行2 h时不同状态中的空气质量进行动态监测,取3次监测的均值,并对各项数据进行统计分析比较,分析统计细菌分类.结果 在3种状态中各项数据比较有差异;净化设备运行30 min即静态时和手术开始10 min时及手术2 h时细菌分类比较有显著差异,手术开始10 min时和手术2 h时比较无显著差异.结论 要充分发挥洁净手术室的优势和作用,科学规范管理尤为重要.     

Age-related changes in intranasal air conditioning in the elderly

Objectives/Hypothesis: Elderly patients frequently complain about the feeling of a dry nose and recurrent crusting probably due to age‐related degenerative effects of the nasal mucosa. Data on intranasal air conditioning in elderly patients are missing. The aim of the study was to compare intranasal heating and humidification of respiratory air in elderly subjects and a younger control group. Additionally, rhinomanometrical and rhinometrical data were examined. Study Design: The study was conceived as randomized, prospective study. Methods: Forty study subjects (median age, 70 years; range, 61–84) and 40 control subjects (median age, 27 years; range, 20–40) were included in the study. In vivo air temperature and humidity values were simultaneously measured at defined intranasal sites. Active anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry also were performed in every subject. Results: In the study group, the median end‐inspiratory air temperature (°C)/absolute humidity (g/m³) values were 24.0°C/13.8 g/m³ within the nasal valve region and 24.3°C/14.7 g/m³ anterior to the head of the middle turbinate. In the control group, the corresponding values were 27.0°C/15.5 g/m³ and 26.7°C/17.0 g/m³. Temperature and humidity values were significantly lower in the study group (P < .05). The minimal cross‐sectional areas and volumes were significantly higher in the study group (P < .05). Conclusions: Nasal complaints in elderly patients are a consequence of lower intranasal air temperature and humidity values combined with relatively enlarged nasal cavities due to involution atrophy of the nasal mucosa.     

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with massive free air mimicking perforated diffuse peritonitis

While pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis （PCI） is a rare disease entity associated with a wide variety of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal disorders, PCI associated with massive intra- and retroperitoneal free air is extremely uncommon, and is difficult to diagnose differentially from perforated peritonitis. We present two cases of PCI associated with massive peritoneal free air and/or retroperitoneal air that mimicked perforated peritonitis. These cases highlight the clinical importance of PCI that mimics perforated peritonitis, which requires emergency surgery. Preoperative imaging modalities and diagnostic laparoscopy are useful to make an accurate diagnosis.     

Health effects of ambient air pollution in children

Children seem to be most vulnerable to the harmful effects of ambient air pollutants because their defence mechanisms are still evolving and because they inhale a higher volume of air per body weight than adults. Air pollutants can also harm the foetus if the mother is exposed to high levels of air pollution during pregnancy. An increase in respiratory neonatal mortality has been associated with ambient levels of air pollutants. Exposure to fine particles has been shown to increase allergen sensitisation, increase the risk of worsening asthma and decrease lung function. Lung growth, as measured by lung function, seems to be adversely affected in children exposed to various oxidant air pollutants. Oxidative stress is the main underlying mechanism responsible for the harmful effects of air pollutants and preliminary studies have indicated that antioxidant supplementation can offer some protection.     

上海市松江区大气污染与脑卒中急性期死亡的关联性分析

[目的]探究大气污染与脑卒中急性期死亡的关联性,以及大气污染环境中脑卒中急性期死亡的易感人群情况.[方法]汇总上海市松江区2012—2014年大气污染数据,并收集户籍人口脑卒中急性期死亡的全部病例,采用时间分层-病例交叉设计方法分析两者间关系,并确立易感人群.[结果]共纳入了514例脑卒中急性期死亡病例.研究期间内,P...     

控制空气加压舱舱内氧浓度方法的探讨

[目的]探讨空气加压舱舱内氧浓度的控制.[方法]对吸氧30 min内通风换气组（A组）、吸氧60 min后通风换气组（B组）舱内氧浓度进行对比研究;及对根据吸氧人数打开3个排氧阀（C组）和相同程度打开3个排氧阀（D组）舱内氧浓度进行对比研究.[结果]A组舱内氧浓度显著低于B组（P＜0.05）;C组舱内氧浓度明显低于D组（P＜0.05）.[结论]吸氧30 min内通风换气及根据吸氧人数调节3个排氧阀的方法是控制空气加压舱舱内氧浓度的较好的方法.