Particulate air pollution is associated with an acute phase response in men; results from the MONICA-Augsburg Study.

AIMS: Episodes of increased air pollution are associated with increases in hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease. Even modest acute phase responses are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. The study investigates whether induction of an acute phase response by exposure to air pollution may contribute to cardiovascular pathology. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective cohort study based on a survey in 1984/85 with a 3-year follow-up was conducted in 631 randomly selected men aged 45 to 64 years free of cardiovascular disease at entry 1984/85. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were determined by a high sensitivity immunoradiometric assay. C-reactive protein concentration was increased in association with the 1985 air pollution episode. In multivariate analyses, elevated concentrations were independently associated with concentrations of total suspended particles and the sulphur dioxide episode. At ambient concentrations of pollution, as noted during the 1985 air pollution episode, the odds of observing C-reactive protein concentrations above 5.7 mg. l(-1)(>90th percentile) tripled, and increases of 26 microg. m(-3)total suspended particles (mean of 5 days) raised the odds of C-reactive protein levels 50% above the 90th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to current levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere elicits an acute phase response in randomly selected healthy middle-aged men, which may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk caused by air pollution.     

Strict Closed-System Drainage for Treating Chronic Subdural Haematoma

Summary. A comparative study chiefly of the recurrence rate of chronic subdural haematoma after two treatment modalities was conducted. Patients were divided into a burr hole strict closed-system drainage group (SCD group; n=56) and a burr hole closed-system drainage with irrigation group (CDI group; n=45). The burr hole strict closed-system drainage involved simply inserting a drainage tube into the haematoma cavity as quickly as possible after minimally incising the haematoma capsule. The introduction of air into the haematoma cavity was prevented, and irrigation was not performed. Symptoms in both groups disappeared soon after surgery, with no postoperative complications. Haematoma recurred in one patient (1.8%) of the SCD group compared with 5 (11.1%) of the CDI group. The rate of recurrence was significantly lower for the SCD than for the CDI group (p<0.05). In 4 of 5 recurrences in the CDI group, the volume of residual intracapsular air was sufficient after initial surgery. These results suggested that postoperative residual intracapsular air is a factor contributing to recurrence. Burr hole strict closed-system drainage is a simple, less invasive procedure with which to treat chronic subdural haematoma and the outcome is excellent. Furthermore, prevention of intracapsular air intrusion during surgery might help prevent recurrence.     

煤烟型大气污染对成人呼吸系统疾病及其症状影响的研究

采用环境流行病学方法调查了太原市 3个不同程度大气污染研究区成人的呼吸系统疾病和症状以及相关影响因素。结果表明 ,成人呼吸系统症状的标化发生率和疫区的标化患病率均为重度污染区 >中度污染区 >相对清洁区 (P <0 0 5 ) ,出现呼吸系统症状和疾病的危险性 ,重、中污染区分别是相对清洁区的1 8倍和 2 1倍、1 3倍和 1 8倍 ,经多因素Logistic回归分析 ,在调整了年龄、性别、职业、吸烟、家庭燃料、家族史等因素后 ,燃煤产生的LNSO2 、LNTSP、LNPM1 0 、LNPM2 5 每增加一个单位 ,成人呼吸系统症状发生的危险性分别增加 1 39倍、1 71倍、1 6 7倍和 1 79倍 ,慢性阻塞性肺部疾病患病的危险性分别增加 1 31倍、1 5 3倍、1 5 1倍和 1 6 8倍。提示煤烟型大气污染对成人呼吸系统症状和疾病的发生已产生一定程度的影响。     

TY型燃油添加剂在降低隧道空气污染中的应用

目的 为降低采用无轨运输方式进行施工的隧道中空气污染。方法 应用TY型燃油添加剂促进柴油燃烧更充分。结果 使隧道内CO、NOx浓度及尾气烟度均值降低46％、55％、42％,测定值经统计学方差检验,有极显性差异（P＜0．001）。结论 在安装隧道内通风系统的同时,使用燃油添加剂改善施工环境,在我国目前的施工条件下有十分重要的现实意义。     

北京市大饭店中央空调系统作为军团菌感染因素的队列研究

目的探讨北京市大饭店中央空调系统与军团菌感染相关关系.方法随机抽取北京市4家大饭店414位工作人员作为暴露人群和414位对照者作为对照人群,用历史性队列研究方法,针对中央空调系统这一暴露因素进行血清流行病学研究.结果暴露人群与对照人群军团菌抗体总阳性(人年)率分别为11.5‰和2.1‰(X2=38.2,P＜0.01,RR=5.48,AR%=81.8%).通过年龄分层分析,暴露人群各年龄组抗体阳性(人年)率明显高于对照人群,其中差异最大的是＜35岁年龄组.比较暴露人群与对照人群Lp1～Lp14抗体滴度水平,暴露人群Lp1、Lp6、Lp12、Lp144个菌型高于对照人群.对暴露人群感染水平与暴露时间进行趋势性卡方检验(X2=0.59,P=0.75),没有显示出暴露人群感染水平随着暴露时间的延长而且上升趋势.结论中央空调系统是导致军团菌感染的一个潜在性危险因素.     

档案库房空气甲醛污染调查

目的 探讨档案库房空气甲醛污染情况。方法 选择14个有代表性的档案馆库房,对其甲醛浓度于一年四季的最后一天每4h测定一次,连续24h。结果 在14个档案馆的档案 库房内均测出甲醛,春、夏、秋、冬四季甲醛的浓度分别为0.024、0.109、0.089和0.026mg/m^3。密闭较好的档案库房中的甲醛浓度超过居室中甲醛浓度国家卫生标准（0.08mg/m^3)。结论 档案库房中甲醛的浓度与档案库房的密闭程度、风速和温度有关;档案库房中的甲醛可能来自室内建筑、装饰材料的和 档案纸张和油墨。     

空气净化器吸附室内甲醛性能测试分析

目的：验证X牌空气净化器对室内甲醛的吸附性能。方法：在容积为30m^3,空气泄漏量小于0．05m^3/h,并装有中效和高效过滤器、空气循环通风系统、样品发生系统等的洁净试验室内,对其吸附甲醛的能力进行了衰减试验。结果：在一定时间内测定甲醛浓度的对数（lnCt)和时间变量之间求得的r值在－0．9950～-0.997之间,二个变量之间相关性显著,为负相关。同时对6组总衰减试验开启空气净化器后,甲醛浓度与初始浓度比较均有显著性差别（P＜0．01）,说明在开启空气净化器后,甲醛浓度随时间的延长而降低,而自然衰减试验20min时的甲醛浓度与初始浓度比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,净化效率分别为29．94％、31．85％、33．24％、44．31％、45．15％和44．68％。结论：该空气净化器能吸附室内空气中的甲醛。     

前房注气治疗闭角青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房

目的探讨应用前房注气术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房的效果。方法原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后Ⅱa级及Ⅱb级浅前房101例（118眼）分为2组：保守治疗组50例（60眼）,前房注气组51例（58眼）,进行回顾性研究,比较两组治疗后视力、眼压、远期滤过泡形态、治疗持续时间、治疗有效率及一次治疗成功率。结果原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房经保守治疗和前房注气治疗两组治疗后视力、眼压、治疗有效率、远期滤过泡形态比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,一次治疗成功率和治疗持续时间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。前房注气术一次治疗成功率93．1％,治疗时间短。结论前房注气术是治疗原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后浅前房的简单有效的方法。     

留置针接肝素帽时三种封管排气法的效果观察

目的寻找留置针接肝素帽时封管排除帽内残留空气的有效方法。方法将150例术后留置有静脉留置针未连接肝素帽的输液患者随机分成实验组（A组）和对照组（B组、C组）,A组采用改良封管法,B组先回抽后封管,C组直接封管,比较三组病例封管后帽内空气残留、针管回血、患者对护士封管的满意度、紧张情绪产生状况。结果采用A组方法患者在无空气残留、无回血率、无紧张情绪产生、对护士封管的满意度方面明显优于对照（B、C）组（P〈0.05）。结论实验组方法能有效避免肝素帽内空气残留及静脉回血,减少患者的紧张情绪,提高患者对护士工作的满意度。     

层流病房造血干细胞移植的护理组织管理

目的探讨层流病房造血干细胞移植护理的组织管理方法。方法对层流病房护士进行专科知识技能、心理干预能力及相关制度培训,建立质量控制标准,完善移植前各项准备工作,建立护理查房制度。结果提高了护士的专科理论知识及操作技能,33例患者均移植成功,无护理并发症发生。结论科学有效的组织管理是造血干细胞移植工作顺利开展的重要保证。