Effect of air filtration on house dust mite,cat and dog allergens and particulate matter in homes

BackgroundIndoor allergens (i.e. from mite, cat and dog) are carried by airborne particulate matter. Thus, removal of particles would reduce allergen exposure. This work aims to assess the performance of air filtration on particulate matter and thus allergen removal in 22 bedrooms.MethodsIndoor air was sampled (with and without air filtration) with a cascade impactor and allergens were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Particulate matter (including ultrafine particles) was also monitored.ResultsThe median of allergen reduction was 75.2% for Der f 1 (p < 0.001, n = 20), 65.5% for Der p 1 (p = 0.066, n = 4), 76.6% for Fel d 1 (p < 0.01, n = 21) and 89.3% for Can f 1 (p < 0.01, n = 10). For size fractions, reductions were statistically significant for Der f 1 (all p < 0.001), Can f 1 (PM_>10 and PM_2.5–10, p < 0.01) and Fel d 1 (PM_2.5–10, p < 0.01), but not for Der p 1 (all p > 0.05). PM was reduced in all fractions (p < 0.001). The allergens were found in all particle size fractions, higher mite allergens in the PM_>10 and for pet allergens in the PM_2.5–10.ConclusionsAir filtration was effective in removing mites, cat and dog allergens and also particulate matter from ambient indoor air, offering a fast and simple solution to mitigate allergen exposome.     

2010年武汉市集中空调通风系统卫生状况分析

目的了解分析武汉市公共场所集中空调通风系统污染、防控措施的现况。方法分别抽取武汉市7个中心城区(每区抽取宾馆、商场、医院各1家),21家拥有大型集中空调通风系统单位进行检测。每单位抽检5个风口,共检测105个出风口。污染物检测指标为:送风系统可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌。结果所检105个出风口样品中PM10、细菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌合格率分别为27.62%、72.48%、92.38%;PM10超标率医院高于商场、宾馆;2010年与2007年检测结果比较显示,送风系统细菌总数合格率呈升高趋势,PM10合格率呈下降趋势。结论武汉市公共场所集中空调通风系统由于缺乏科学规范的清洗,集中空调卫生状况良莠不齐,污染状况正呈多样化转变。     

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) association with peripheral artery disease admissions in northeastern United States

Background: Current evidence, on the association of PM_2.5 and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is very sparse. Methods: We use novel PM_2.5 prediction models to investigate associations between chronic and acute PM_2.5 exposures and hospital PAD admissions across the northeast USA. Poisson regression analysis was preformed where daily admission counts in each zip code are regressed against both chronic and acute PM_2.5 exposure, temperature, socio-economic characteristics and time to control for seasonal patterns. Results: Positive significant associations were observed between both chronic and acute exposure to PM_2.5 and PAD hospitalizations. Every 10-μg/m³ increase in acute PM_2.5 exposure was associated with a 0.26 % increase in admissions (CI = 0.08 – 0.45 %) and every 10-μg/m³ increase in chronic PM _2.5 exposure was associated with a 4.4 % increase in admissions (CI = 3.50 – 5.35 %). Conclusions: The study supports the hypothesis that acute and chronic exposure to PM_2.5 can increase the risk of PAD.     

大气污染物短期效应对上海市浦东新区居民肺癌死亡影响的病例交叉研究

目的 分析大气污染物与浦东新区居民每日肺癌死亡人数的相关性,为制定针对肺癌病人的保护措施提供依据。方法 采集浦东新区2005年1月1日至2019年12月31日之间的每日大气污染物浓度、气象因素以及居民肺癌死亡资料,利用时间分层-病例交叉设计并结合分布滞后非线性模型,探讨大气污染物短期暴露对浦东新区居民肺癌死亡的影响。结果 大气污染物(PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂)浓度与浦东新区居民肺癌死亡风险呈正相关。PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂浓度对居民肺癌死亡风险的影响均在累积8 d(Lag 0～7)最强。PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂浓度上升10 μg/m³累积8 d(Lag 0～7)居民肺癌死亡风险分别上升1.09%(95%CI:0.35%～1.83%), 3.78%(95%CI:1.98%～5.61%)与2.76%(95%CI:1.10%～4.44%)。女性人群肺癌死亡对PM₁₀与NO₂的影响不敏感(P>0.05)。大气污染物对高龄人群与低文化水平人群肺癌死亡效应较强,人群间效应差异不显著。结论 大气污染物短期暴露可以升高浦东新区居民肺癌死亡风险,以累积8 d(Lag 0～7)效应最强。     

山西省风湿免疫病与环境因素的相关性研究

目的：探讨山西省风湿免疫病与环境因素的相关性。方法：选择山西医科大学第二医院风湿科住院部风湿病患者200例,采取抽样调查的方法进行问卷调查。调查内容主要为患者居住地市环境指标[包括空气质量指数(AQI)、大气颗粒物(PM)2.5、PM 10、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和臭氧]、饮食习惯[包括高简单碳水化合物/低简单碳水化合物为主、高盐/低盐为主、高脂饮食与否、高蛋白饮食与否、高膳食纤维(主要是蔬菜)摄入量、深海鱼肉及优质植物蛋白(豆类及坚果)摄入量],并与健康对照组(120例)进行比较,分析以上环境因素与风湿病的关系。结果：与太原相比,吕梁及朔州人群发生风湿免疫病的可能性较低(P<0.05),其他各设区市比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);风湿病患者简单碳水化合物、盐、食用油的摄入量明显高于健康对照组,蔬菜、深海鱼肉、豆类坚果等优质蛋白的摄入量明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论：环境因素,尤其是空气质量和饮食习惯及结构均与风湿免疫病的发生息息相关。     

Vascular air embolism during percutaneous nephrolithotomy without pneumopyelogram: a case report of successful rescue

Vascular air embolism (VAE) is a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Paradoxical air embolization resulting from VAE may be more likely to occur in patients with an atrial-septal defect, such as patent foramen ovale. Here, the case of a female patient with VAE that occurred during percutaneous nephrolithotomy is presented. Although the patient was diagnosed with patent foramen ovale, she recovered well without any severe paradoxical air embolization symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of VAE with paradoxical air embolization that occurred in a patient with patent foramen ovale during percutaneous nephrolithotomy that was conducted without pneumopyelography.     

Improvised transvenous cardiac pacing during Operation Enduring Freedom

We report a case of combat cardiology at a military medical facility in Afghanistan. The patient had a high-degree heart block following inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction requiring cardiac pacing. Transcutaneous pacing failed, leading to asystolic arrest during critical care air transport. An available transvenous pacing wire was soldered to leads from transcutaneous pacing pads allowing effective in-flight cardiac pacing until definitive therapy was available. This case demonstrates use of available resources under austere conditions, has the potential to inform physicians in similar circumstance, and addresses an area of need at military medical facilities.     

循环风紫外线空气消毒机消毒效果的观察

为了解循环风紫外线动态空气消毒机的消毒效果和臭氧含量,用臭氧测定仪和载体定量法及平皿沉降法进行检测。结果,开机后60min测不到臭氧,对玻片上金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢开机作用120min,平均杀灭率达到99.9％;对室内空气自然菌,作用120min平均消亡率达到95％以上。结果表明,该循环风消毒器具有良好的杀菌效果,对室内空气自然菌可达到消毒要求。     

光催化剂对病房空气中细菌的作用

为了解光催化剂对病房空气中细菌消除效果 ,用平板沉降法采样进行了实际观察。结果 ,将 3盆涂抹有光催化剂的绢花放于可见光照的病房内 (2 3m3 ) ,4 8h后空气中自然菌菌数平均下降率为 2 5 .2 4 % ;12 0h后 ,平均下降率为 5 8.95 %。停止使用光催化剂之后 ,空气中细菌数恢复到原来水平。 15个病房内放置含光催化剂绢花 ,4 8h后有 6个病房无效 ,放置 12 0h后仍有 4个病房无效。结论 ,光催化剂对病房空气中细菌消除效果达不到卫生要求 ,只有部分房间显示出一定消除效果。     

Measurement of the Expiratory Ammonia Concentration and its Clinical Significance

Alghough gaseous ammonia (NH₃) can freely enter cells through the plasma membrane where NH₃ is cyto(neuro)toxic, NH₃ and ionic ammonia (NH₄ ⁺) contents have not been studied in biological materials. We developed a new method for measurement of expiratory NH₃ concentration, which may reflect blood NH₃ concentrations. The method is a sensor tube type-gas assay system. Expiratory NH₃ concentrations in patients with chronic liver diseases increased when their blood ammonia (NH₄ ⁺+NH₃) concentrations increased above 90 μg/dl (normal range; 12–66 μg/dl). However, cirrhotic patients, who had relatively higher expiratory NH₃ concentration compared to blood NH₃ concentrations (calculated from Henderson-Hasselbalch formula), were found to have subclinical encephalopathy. Measurement of experatory NH₃ concentration may be of clinical significance for the diagnosis of encephalopathy associated with hyperammonemia.