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51.
Abstract Background: Aged Care Assessment Teams (ACATs) have been established throughout Australia during the past seven years. Early studies of their effect have concentrated on their impact on the rate of institutionalisation of disabled elderly, the clinical characteristics of referred cases and the relationship between disability and recommended care plan. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between age, clinical features and social characteristics of AC AT subjects with outcomes at 12 months after assessment. Methods: The examination of an arbitrary sample of persons referred to ACATs over a year by one generalist geriatrician with follow-up of all cases by the three ACATs associated with the study was carried out. All analyses were performed on raw data presented as categorical variables in the form of contingency tables. Results: The sample included 324 subjects who suffered from 2030 clinical problems with a mean of 6.5 per person aged 75 or over and 5.5 for those under 75. Cardiovascular and neurological disease were the commonest source of problems. Study of accommodation outcome at 12 months, for those subjects who survived this period revealed that, in the older group, over 60% of subjects with neurological disease were resident in nursing homes while the majority of all other groups remained in the community, as did two-thirds of those aged under 75. Admission to a nursing home was independent of social support for older subjects with neurological disease, but it played a significant role in those with cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal disease. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that for one-year survivors there is an increased likelihood of admission to a nursing home of people aged 75 or over with neurological disease, while those under 75 were more likely to remain at home. The association was independent of whether spouse, family or friends were living with the subject. (Aust NZ J Med 1994; 24: 378–385.) 相似文献
52.
Effect of Population Aging on the International Organ Donation Rates and the Effectiveness of the Donation Process 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
N. Cuende J. I. Cuende J. Fajardo J. Huet M. Alonso 《American journal of transplantation》2007,7(6):1526-1535
This study analyzed the effect of population aging on organ donation for transplants in 43 countries and on the effectiveness of the donation process by comparing the results between Spain and the United States. The percentage of the population aged 65 or over accounted for 33% of the difference in the donation rates between the countries and for 91% of the variation in the rates after age adjustment. However, the level of aging of the Spanish (16.5%) and American (12.3%) populations failed to account for the percentages of deceased donors 65 or over (28% vs. 10%), due to the different age-specific donation rates, much higher in Spain above 50 years. These differences lead to a higher effectiveness of the process in the United States (3.1 transplanted organs per donor vs. 2.5 in Spain), though at lower rates of transplant per million population (73 vs. 87). We conclude that older populations have a greater donation potential as donation rates are strongly associated with population aging. It should therefore be mandatory to adjust donation rates for age before making comparisons. Additionally, effectiveness decreases with older donors, so age should be considered when establishing standards relating to organ donation and effectiveness of the process. 相似文献
53.
目的探讨认知疗法在老年抑郁症治疗中的作用。方法将70例老年抑郁症患者随机分为两组,A组为认知疗法合并文拉法新缓释剂治疗组;B组为单纯用文拉法新缓释剂治疗组。于治疗前后分别用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、疗效总评量表(CGI-GI)评定疗效,半年后随访。结果A、B组的HAMD评分于治疗2周末呈非常显著下降(P<0.01),HAMA于治疗4周末出现这种变化(P<0.01)。A组治疗8周末的3个量表评分均显著低于B组(P<0.01),A组有效率达87.5%,高于B组的60.61%(P<0.05),半年复发率(6.25%)也显著低于B组(30.3%)。结论认知疗法是适合老年抑郁症的心理治疗方法。 相似文献
54.
The Evolution of Nonimmune Histological Injury and Its Clinical Relevance in Adult-Sized Kidney Grafts in Pediatric Recipients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Naesens N. Kambham W. Concepcion O. Salvatierra Jr . M. Sarwal 《American journal of transplantation》2007,7(11):2504-2514
To describe the evolution, risk factors and impact of nonimmune histological injury after pediatric kidney transplantation, we analyzed 245 renal allograft protocol biopsies taken regularly from the time of transplantation to 2 years thereafter in 81 consecutive rejection-free pediatric recipients of an adult-sized kidney. Isometric tubular vacuolization was present early after transplantation was not progressive, and was associated with higher tacrolimus pre-dose trough levels. Chronic tubulo-interstitial damage and tubular microcalcifications were already noted at 3 months, were progressive and had a greater association with small recipient size, male donor gender, higher donor age and female recipient gender, but not with tacrolimus exposure. Renal function assessment showed that older recipients had a significant increase in absolute glomerular filtration rate with time after transplantation, which differed from small recipients who showed no increase. It is concluded that progressive, functionally relevant, nonimmune injury is detected early after adult-sized kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients. Renal graft ischemia associated with the donor-recipient size discrepancy appears to be a greater risk factor for this chronic histological injury, suggesting that the exploration of additional therapeutic approaches to increase allograft perfusion could further extend the graft survival benefit of adult-sized kidneys transplanted into small children. 相似文献
55.
Andrew J Lawrence Andrew D Blackwell Roger A Barker Francesca Spagnolo Luke Clark Michael R F Aitken Barbara J Sahakian 《Movement disorders》2007,22(16):2339-2345
Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been linked to the development of a number of nonmotor behavioral control problems. Punding, one of these nonmotor problems, is a term used to describe complex, purposeless stereotyped behaviors such as the repetitive handling or sorting of objects. A self-report questionnaire was adapted to assess punding in the context of dysfunctional hobby-related activities. We report the results of a survey of PD outpatients from a PD research clinic (n = 141) and non-PD controls (n = 103); conducted to identify clinical and psychological factors predictive of punding behaviors. The PD group reported hobbies and activities, which scored significantly higher on the Punding Scale than controls. Higher impulsivity, poorer disease-related quality of life, younger age of disease onset, and concomitant daily medication dosage from dopamine receptor agonists were independently predictive of higher Punding Scale scores in the PD group. These findings are similar to those seen in dopamine dysregulation syndrome, and provide further evidence for the role of impulsivity and age at disease onset in DRT-related nonmotor behavioral problems in PD. 相似文献
56.
大鼠直肠壁内淋巴管的微细分布和形态特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的观察大鼠直肠壁内淋巴管的分布和形态、结构特点,为探讨直肠癌淋巴道转移的机制,提供形态学依据。方法用半薄、超薄切片、光镜和电镜下观察大鼠淋巴管的微细分布。结果大鼠直肠壁的黏膜固有层深部可见毛细淋巴管,黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层均有毛细淋巴管和淋巴管。结论直肠壁各层内均有毛细淋巴管,除黏膜层外,还存有淋巴管。 相似文献
57.
W. N. Charman 《Ophthalmic & physiological optics》2003,23(2):181-187
Recently it has been suggested that a previously undetected, rhodopsin-based, visual pigment, located in some retinal ganglion cells and having a peak sensitivity around 460 nm, may be responsible for light-induced melatonin suppression and, perhaps, maintenance of the circadian rhythm. Using data from the literature, it is shown that, as absorption in the crystalline lens for shorter visible wavelengths increases substantially with age, while the pupil diameter tends to decrease, the effective retinal exposure received under the same ambient lighting conditions by the pigment is almost 10 times lower in an old, as compared with a young, eye. Interestingly, replacement of the old crystalline lens by an intraocular implant restores the exposure to youthful levels. The possible effects of these changes with age on circadian rhythms are discussed. 相似文献
58.
Sandra Harris 《Clinical & experimental optometry》2003,86(1):51-56
Age‐related macular degeneration is a major cause of serious vision loss. The earliest stages of age‐related maculopathy may be defined by the size of the drusen present in the macula and the effects on vision. Further manifestations may include soft drusen, choroidal neovascularisation, macular haemorrhage and cicatricial or disciform degeneration of the macula. This report describes a patient with a macular haemorrhage, a choroidal neovascular membrane and serious loss of vision. In addition, the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treat‐ment options of macular degeneration are reviewed. 相似文献
59.
L. Pantoni C. Sarti F. Pescini S. Bianchi L. Bartolini P. Nencini A. M. Basile M. Lamassa R. N. Kalaria M. T. Dotti A. Federico D. Inzitari 《European journal of neurology》2004,11(11):782-787
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetically transmitted cerebrovascular disease. Typically, the first clinical manifestation is migraine and the full clinical spectrum of the disease with recurrent strokes of the subcortical type, cognitive, and mood disorders is seen during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Vascular risk factors are usually absent in CADASIL patients and the diagnosis of the disease is particularly suspected in young adults with cerebrovascular events of unknown cause, diffuse leukoencephalopathy on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and a history of cerebrovascular diseases or dementia in many family members. We describe three Italian CADASIL patients who presented to medical attention for cerebrovascular events occurred after the age of 55 and had, in addition to hypertension and hyperlipidemia, thrombophilic risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, elevated levels of lipoprotein(a), and antiphospholipid antibodies. Symptoms possibly related to cortical involvement, such as dysphasia and visual field deficits, were reported by two of these patients. We conclude that a diagnosis of CADASIL should not be disregarded in patients with vascular risk factors and presenting with symptoms not immediately referable to subcortical damage at ages more advanced than commonly reported. 相似文献
60.
B. Bagolini V. Porciatti B. Falsini G. Scalia M. Neroni G. Moretti 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》1988,70(1):37-43
Macular and paramacular electroretinograms in response to two adjacent checks (6 deg/side), alternating at constant mean luminance, were recorded in 34 normal subjects ranging in age from 16 to 74 years. The macular electroretinogram declines progressively in amplitude with age (R = –0.42; P = 0.013). The amplitude ratio between macular and paramacular responses tends to be independent of age (R = -0.21; P = 0.22).Age-related changes in the macular electroretinogram shown in our study are consistent with previous anatomical and functional studies, which indicate a deterioration of photoreceptors beyond 20 years of age. These results suggest a possible use of this technique for future studies on macular degeneration. 相似文献