应用彩色多普勒血流显像检测眼前部缺血性视神经病变

应用彩色多普勒血流显像检测眼前部缺血性视神经病变,以探讨其血流动力学变化特征。     

妊高征患者胎儿脐血流速度与围产儿预后的关系

目的：探讨妊高征患者胎儿脐动脉血流速度比值（Ｓ／Ｄ）与围产儿预后的关系,方法：应用彩色超声波对９８例妊高征患者胎儿脐动脉血流速度指数进行测量并与新生儿体重,新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分,羊水性质和围产期结局的关系进行分析,结果：９８例妊高征中有３４例围产儿预后良好,６４例围产儿预后不良,围产儿预后不良发生率,中,重度妊高征明显高于轻度妊高征（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ｓ／Ｄ比值与围产儿预后的程度业的相关性,结论,产     

Retrospective prediction of birth weight by growth velocity curves during neonatal period

In this prospective study, birth weight of 304 babies born at Kamla Nehru Hospital Pune during study period was recorded. From these 304 babies, babies with birth weight above 2000 grams were selected (260 babies) to prepare growth velocity curves. Daily weight of these 260 babies was recorded for 30 days. The mean birth weight of study population was 2742.5 grams. Among the daily weight recorded babies, all the babies lost weight ranging from 92 to 218 grams (mean 121 grams) after birth. The weight loss continued upto 5 days. Days required to gain weight equal to birth weight ranged from 5 to 13 days. Total weight gain observed in 30 days was 734.7 grams. Predictive value of these curves was tested in 49 infants. Deviation upto 50 grams of predicted birth weight from actual birth weight was observed in 90% of babies on day-2, 79% on day-4, 65% on day-8 and 39% on day-30.     

Doppler flow velocity measurements in patients with intracranial hypertension

Summary In patients with severe brain lesions monitoring of the intracranial pressure as well as monitoring of cerebral blood flow can be of clinical value. While at the moment there is no atraumatic method for measuring cerebral blood flow in man, it is recommended to measure blood flow velocity with the ultrasound Doppler technic in the common carotid artery. On theoretical grounds a positive correlation between cerebral blood flow and blood flow velocity can be expected and the observations presented show that such a correlation exists in normal controls and in neurological patients. In many neurological patients the flow velocity in the common carotid artery decreases with increasing intracranial pressure. This suggests that the autoregulation is disturbed. The demonstration of such a disturbance can have clinical implications.

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Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit ernsten Läsionen im Gehirn kann Monitoring von sowohl intercraniellem Druck als auch der zerebralen Blutdurchströmung für die Klinik von Bedeutung sein. Da im Moment keine atraumatische Methode für die Messung der zerebralen Blutdurchströmung besteht, wird anempfohlen, die Durchströmungsgeschwindigkeit mit der Ultraschall-Doppler-Technik in der Arteria carotis communis zu messen. Theoretisch kann eine positive Korrelation zwischen der zerebralen Blutdurchströmung und der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erwartet werden.Die beschriebenen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß tatsächlich ein solcher Zusammenhang besteht, sowohl bei gesunden Versuchspersonen als auch bei neurologischen Patienten.Bei vielen dieser Patienten nimmt die Durchströmungsgeschwindigkeit in der Arteria carotis communis ab bei einer Zunahme des intracraniellen Druckes. Dies suggeriert eine gestörte Autoregulation. Das Aufzeigen einer solchen Störung kann klinische Bedeutung haben.

     

Acute changes in forearm haemodynamics produced by cigarette smoking in healthy normotensive non-smokers are not influenced by propranolol or pindolol

Summary The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of cigarette smoking in healthy non-smokers on blood pressure and forearm haemodynamics after acute oral administration of non-selective -adrenoceptor blockers with and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, viz. pindolol 15 mg and propranolol 80 mg. A preliminary study was done to compare cigarette smoking and sham smoking to evaluate the time-course of the haemodynamic effects of cigarette smoking. The second experiment was then carried out in the same six volunteers, according to a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover design, to evaluate the possible effect of pre-treatment with -adrenoceptor blockers on blood pressure, heart rate and forearm haemodynamics (forearm blood flow, brachial artery diameter and brachio-radial pulse-wave velocity) measured at baseline, during smoking and every five minutes up to 1 h afterwards.No major difference from placebo in blood pressure or forearm haemodynamics was found and pre-treatment with beta-blockers did not prevent the acute vascular effects of cigarette smoking.     

组合小片胶囊释放行为的研究及其数学模型嵌合组合小片胶囊释放行为的研究及其数学模型嵌合

目的制备硝苯地平(nifedipine，NP)的速释小片、缓释小片以及不同时滞的脉冲小片和延缓小片，多途径组合实现多次脉冲释药、定位释药、定速释药及快/慢释药系统等。方法采用非线性最小二乘法模型嵌合通用程序求出各小片释药的速率方程，比较4种方案的组合释药理论速率-时间曲线与实测值的差异。结果速率方程较为准确地描述了单片释药行为，速率-时间曲线中各种组合的体外释药实测值与各模拟方程迭加形成的理论曲线较接近，表明组合释药行为是可以理论表征的，因而组合设计可控，组合效应可预估。结论通过加和速率方程可预测由各种小片不同用量、不同组合灌装于胶囊内形成的多种释药行为。     

电针对糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经传导速度和神经超微结构的影响

目的 :观察固本通络电针法对实验性糖尿病周围神经病变的防治作用。方法 :大鼠分为正常组、电针组和模型对照组 ,运用链脲菌素造成大鼠实验性糖尿病模型 ,用桥式鼠架使大鼠在清醒、安静的自然状态下接受电针“肾俞”“环跳”穴 ,用神经电生理方法观察坐骨神经传导速度 ,用透射电镜观察神经纤维的超微结构。结果 :电针组与模型组相比 ,左、右两侧NCV均明显加快 (P <0 .0 5) ,潜伏期均明显缩短 (P <0 .0 5) ,但未达到正常组的水平 ;电针组有髓纤维髓鞘脱失的程度有所减轻 ,神经纤维内微血管内皮细胞肿胀程度较轻。结论 :固本通络电针法对实验性糖尿病周围神经病变具有一定的防治作用。     

米非司酮用于足月妊娠引产时脐动脉血流的测定

目的：评价米非司酮用于足月妊娠引产时对胎盘血液供应的影响。方法：将９７例妊娠３８～４２周具有引产指征的孕妇随机分为两组：治疗组（４９例）给予口服米非司酮，每次５０ｍｇ１２小时１次连续２天后，阴道置米索前列醇２５μｇ，１２小时１次；对照组（４８例）予静脉推注蒂洛安２００ｍｇ，每日１次连续３天后，静脉点滴催产素引产。两组孕妇均在用药前及用药后３６～４８小时行脐动脉血流速度测定，以收缩期血流速度峰值（Ｓ）与舒张末期血流速度峰值（Ｄ）的比值（Ｓ／Ｄ）为测定参数，观察用药前及用药后３６～４８小时的脐血流Ｓ／Ｄ值的改变。结果：两组用药前及用药后３６～４８小时的脐血流Ｓ／Ｄ值比较，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：米非司酮５０ｍｇ１２小时１次连续２天口服用于足月妊娠引产不仅效果良好，且对胎盘血流动力学无显著影响。     

肿瘤内血流检测对卵巢肿瘤定性诊断的研究

目的：评价多普勒血流显象技术检测卵巢肿瘤内血流定性诊断卵巢肿瘤的价值。方法：对疑诊卵巢肿瘤的75例（其中53例卵巢良性肿瘤和22例恶性肿瘤）于术前1w内行C超检查及肿瘤内血流检测，并与术后组织病理学诊断对照。结果：53例卵巢良性肿瘤中的21例（39．62％）及22例卵巢恶性肿瘤中的21例（95．45％）C超均显示其结构鼻常；在21例卵巢良性肿瘤内检测到血流高峰收缩速度（PSV）的均值为14．2±8．1cm／s，阻抗指数（RI）均值为0．478±0．119。当以PSV＝16cm／s为卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的界值时，PSV诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性率分别为90．91％和90．57％；当以RI＝0．72为卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的界值时，RI诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性率分别为86．36％和69．81％；C超诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性率分别为95．45％和71．70％。三者的敏感性差异无显著性，而PSV诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的特异性率明显高于RI和C超检查者，差异具有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：用多普勒血流显象技术检测卵巢肿瘤内异常。流的PSV，对预测卵巢肿瘤性质具有一定的临床意义。     

妊高征患者的胎儿血流速度波形改变特点研究

目的：研究妊高征患者的胎儿脐动脉、肾动脉以及大脑中动脉的血流速度波形的变化特点。方法：妊高征患者９６例，正常妊娠１４８例，于产前１周内行彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉、肾动脉和大脑中动脉的搏动指数（ＰＩ），产后随访新生儿预后。结果：随着妊高征的加剧，胎儿脐动脉和肾动脉的ＰＩ上升，大脑中动脉的ＰＩ则改变不明显。在围产儿预后良好和不良的两组中，随着妊高征的加重，胎儿脐动脉、肾动脉和大脑中动脉的ＰＩ均有上升的趋势，但预后不良组的改变比对照组明显。按正常妊娠和轻度、中度、重度妊高征分成４组，胎儿窘迫者脐动脉和肾动脉的ＰＩ上升，大脑中动脉的ＰＩ下降。结论：妊高征和胎儿窘迫对胎儿脐动脉和肾动脉的血流波形改变有协同作用，对大脑中动脉的改变有阻抗作用