胰腺炎基础研究进展与展望

近年来,胰腺炎的病理生理机制研究取得了诸多实质性进展.其中,急性胰腺炎领域热点内容众多,如胰蛋白酶原异常激活、病理性钙超载、线粒体功能障碍、自噬、内质网应激、NF-Kb激活、细胞程序性死亡等.慢性胰腺炎领域的研究则更多集中于胰腺星状细胞激活对慢性胰腺炎纤维化的影响,以此为主干,又可进一步研究自噬、外泌体等与胰腺星状细胞...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期炎性细胞因子与肺功能的相关性

目的 分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期炎性细胞因子水平变化及与肺功能的相关性.方法 对本院2019年3月—2020年3月收治的62例患者的炎性细胞因子进行检测,分析各项炎性细胞因子水平变化情况及其与患者肺功能之间的相关性.结果 62例患者的IL-6指标、IL-8指标和TNF-α指标均随着患者综合评估分级的增加而增加,且各...     

Association between early initiation of breastfeeding and reduced risk of respiratory infection: Implications for nonseparation of infant and mother in the COVID‐19 context

Early initiation of breastfeeding, within 1 h of birth, is vital for the health of newborns and reduces morbidity and mortality. Secondary analysis of the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) showed that early initiation of breastfeeding significantly reduced the risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children under 2 years. Early initiation of breastfeeding requires maternal proximity. Separation of infant and mother inhibits early initiation of breastfeeding and increases the risk that infants will suffer from ARIs. However, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, guidance varied, with some recommending that infants and mothers with SARS‐CoV‐2 be isolated from one another. Nepal''s Ministry of Health and Population recommended nonseparation, but the adherence to this guidance was inconsistent. Maternal proximity, nonseparation and early initiation of breastfeeding should be promoted in all birthing facilities.     

Trimetazidine has Promising Preventive Effects on Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis Rat Model

Background: It was aimed to evaluate the preventive efficacy of trimetazidine in an experimental chronic pancreatitis rat model.Methods: Chronic pancreatitis model was accomplished with caerulein and alcohol administration. In the study, 40 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups containing 8 animals in each. Group 1 (chronic pancreatitis); group 2 (chronic pancreatitis + low-dose trimetazidine group); group 3 (chronic pancreatitis + high-dose trimetazidine group); group 4 (placebo group (chronic pancreatitis + saline)); group 5 (sham group). 24 hours after the last injection, all animals were sacrificed. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-β, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase levels were tested in blood samples. Histopathologic examinations were conducted by a senior pathologist who was unaware of the group allocations.Results: Results of biochemical parameters of the trimetazidine groups (groups 2 and 3) were significantly favorable compared with the chronic pancreatitis group (group 1) (P < .05). The difference between the low-dose- and the high-dose trimetazidine group (group 3) was significant in terms of blood tests (P < .05). The difference between the low-dose trimetazidine group and the chronic pancreatitis group was not significant in terms of histopathologic scores (P > .05); however, the difference was significant between the high-dose trimetazidine group and the chronic pancreatitis group (P < .05).Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this current research is the first study that evaluates trimetazidine’s efficacy in the chronic pancreatitis rat model. Trimetazidine has affirmative preventive properties in the chronic pancreatitis course.     

Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Illness in Cats and Dogs

We tested swab specimens from pets in households in Ontario, Canada, with human COVID-19 cases by quantitative PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and surveyed pet owners for risk factors associated with infection and seropositivity. We tested serum samples for spike protein IgG and IgM in household pets and also in animals from shelters and low-cost neuter clinics. Among household pets, 2% (1/49) of swab specimens from dogs and 7.7% (5/65) from cats were PCR positive, but 41% of dog serum samples and 52% of cat serum samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgM. The likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in pet samples was higher for cats but not dogs that slept on owners’ beds and for dogs and cats that contracted a new illness. Seropositivity in neuter-clinic samples was 16% (35/221); in shelter samples, 9.3% (7/75). Our findings indicate a high likelihood for pets in households of humans with COVID-19 to seroconvert and become ill.     

大柴胡汤对重症急性胰腺炎腹腔内压的影响

目的：观察大柴胡汤对重症急性胰腺炎(sever acute pancreatitis, SAP)腹腔内压的影响。方法将符合入选标准的北京中日友好医院外科重症医学科SAP患者70例,按随机数字表法分为2组各35例,常规治疗组予以西医常规治疗;大柴胡汤组在常规治疗的同时鼻饲大柴胡汤。观察急性期内2组患者腹腔内压(intra-abdominal pressure, IAP)的变化并统计腹腔高压(intra-abdominal hypertension, IAH)和腹腔间室综合征(abdominal compartment syndrome, ACS)的发生率。结果入院后2组患者IAP均有升高,但第3～7天大柴胡汤治疗组IAP 水平[(13.31±4.42)mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)、(13.02±5.23)mmHg、(12.35±3.34)mmHg、(11.26±4.46)mmHg、(9.89±3.44)mmHg]明显低于常规治疗组[(16.89±5.71)mmHg、(17.52±3.37)mmHg、(16.21±2.15)mmHg、(14.57±5.56)mmHg、(12.11±1.28)mmHg](P＜0.05)。急性期内大柴胡汤治疗组IAH及ACS发生率分别为40.0%(14/35)、8.6%(3/35),均明显低于常规治疗组的80.0%(28/35)、28.6%(10/35),2组比较差异均有统计学差异(χ2值分别为11.667、4.629,P值均＜0.05)。结论大柴胡汤可有效降低SAP患者IAP、IAH及ACS发生率。     

大柴胡汤加减治疗内科杂证

大柴胡汤加减治疗胆囊炎、胆石症、急性胰腺炎、便秘、肺炎、偏头痛等内科杂证。     

抗肿瘤药阿扎胞苷

阿扎胞苷是一种新型表观遗传学抗肿瘤药,是目前唯一被临床证明可延长高风险骨髓增生异常综合征患者总生存期的抗肿瘤药。     

西洋参茎叶皂甙对大鼠实验性肝损伤的影响

目的：观察国产西洋参茎叶皂甙（ＰＱＳ）对员伤的保护作用。方法：采用急性乙醇中毒大鼠模型为研究对象。结果：ＰＱＳ能降低血清过氧化脂质（ＭＤＡ）、血清谷丙转氨酶（ＳＧＰＴ）、血清谷草转氨酶（ＳＧＯＴ）活性,减少肝脏ＭＤＡ的生成,增加肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性。结论：提示ＰＱＳ对员伤具有保护作用。