周围神经干自然分束部位血管形态及临床意义

应用微血管灌注透明法观察研究5具成人周围神经干标本.重点观察神经自然分束部位微血管形态和分支分布规律.神经干内有非常完兽的血供系统.手术中循神经自然分束进行追踪分离,不会对神经血供产生明显影响.但在张力下牵拉缝合神经,将对神经干血供产生严重影响.神经束膜缝合比神经外膜缝合更强调在无张力下进行.     

国人胃后动脉及其临床意义

本文在查阅了资料后就胃后动脉以下几方面进行综述。1.胃后动脉的起源、出现率、类型;起源于脾动脉者最多,占78％;出现率为62％～88％;绝大部分为一支类型,占75.44～92％。2.外径、长度、毗邻;外径在1.53～3mm之间;长度为2.2～8.1cm;90％的与胃后静脉伴行。3.行径、供血区:在脾动脉上缘发出后,在网膜囊后壁腹膜外向上方走行,经胃膈韧带内最后进入贲门侧的胃底部,并供应该区的血液。     

Hypoxia aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury

The animal model of inflammatory response induced by intratracheal application of lipopolysaccharide includes many typical features of acute lung injury or the acute respiratory distress syndrome. A number of experimental investigations have been performed to characterize the nature of this injury more effectively. In inflammatory conditions, hypoxia occurs frequently before and in parallel with pulmonary and non-pulmonary pathological events. This current study was designed to examine the in vivo effect of hypoxia as a potentially aggravating condition in endotoxin-induced lung injury. Lipopolysaccharide, 150 microg, was instilled intratracheally into rat lungs, and thereafter animals were exposed to either normoxia or hypoxia (10% oxygen). Lungs were collected 2, 4, 6 and 8 h later. Inflammatory response and tissue damage were evaluated by quantitative analysis of inflammatory cells and mediators, surfactant protein and vascular permeability. A significantly enhanced neutrophil recruitment was seen in lipopolysaccharide-animals exposed to hypoxia compared to lipopolysaccharide-animals under normoxia. This increased neutrophil accumulation was triggered by inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, secreted by alveolar macrophages. Determination of vascular permeability and surfactant protein-B showed enhanced concentrations in lipopolysaccharide-lungs exposed to hypoxia, which was absent in animals previously alveolar macrophage-depleted. This study demonstrates that hypoxia aggravates lipopolysaccharide injury and therefore represents a second hit injury. The additional hypoxia-induced inflammatory reaction seems to be predominantly localized in the respiratory compartment, underlining the compartmentalized nature of the inflammatory response.     

冠心病家族史青少年载脂蛋白E、B的基因多态性

目的 探讨青少年载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E，apoE)、apoB基因多态性对冠心病的遗传易感性。方法 应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性技术，对244名健康汉族大学生(冠心病家族史阳性者109人，阴性者135人)的apoE、apoB XbaI、apoB 3’可变数目串联重复序列(variable number of tandem repeat ，VNTR)基因型进行分析。结果 阳性组的e4、x^ 、VNTR—B(hypervariable element，HVE＞38)等位基因频率显著高于阴性组(P＜0．05)，且与血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇、aPoBl00水平升高有显著相关(P＜0．05)。结论 apoE的e4、apoB Xba I的x^ 、apoB3’VNTR的VNTR—B可能为冠心病的重要遗传标记。     

Liberation of histamine and serotonin and vascular permeability in an acute aseptic inflammatory focus

Degranulation of mast cells of a peritoneal suspension and of the mesentery of the small intestine and liberation of histamine and serotonin in albino rats with acute aseptic peritonitis were shown to begin during the first minute after injury and to reach a maximum at the fifth minute. By the 15th minute the concentrations of the free amines had fallen sharply and did not differ significantly from the initial levels. The dynamics of the immediate phase of increased vascular permeability corresponded to the dynamics of the free amines. The most marked increase in vascular permeability was observed at the 10th–15th minutes. By the 20th minute it was appreciably lower. Preliminary exhaustion of histamine and serotonin reserves reduced the degree of disturbance of vascular permeability only during the first 15 min after application of the inflammatory agent. It is conculted that histamine and serotonin cause disturbance of vascular permeability in acute aseptic peritonitis chiefly during the first 15 min after injury.Department of Pathological Physiology, Khar'kov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 12, pp. 660–664, December, 1977.     

Anatomy of the arterial vascularization of the lips

Summary The findings from 12 dissections of previously injected facial masks, 8 dissections of the face following intrarterial injection of a red solution of Latex Neoprene, and a corrosion cast specimen allowed us to study the arterial supply of the lips. The arterial supply of the upper lip arises mainly from the superior labial arteries, but also from the subseptal arteries and from the subalar arteries. There is a figure of 8 shaped anastomotic system between these arteries lying on the upper lip. The arterial supply of the lower lip arises from the inferior labial arteries and from branches of the mental artery. A constant inferior labial arterial network was shown at the level of the lower lip arising in a fifth of cases from a T-shaped inferior labial artery. All these recent anatomic findings help us to improve our understanding of plastic surgery of the lips.

---

Vascularisation artérielle des lèvres

Résumé Douze dissections de masques faciaux préalablement injectés à la gélatine minium, huit dissections de face après injection artérielle par une solution de latex néoprène rouge, et une injectioncorrosion a permis l'étude de la vascularisation artérielle labiale. La lèvre supérieure reçoit sa vascularisation artérielle des artères labiales supérieures principalement, mais aussi des artères sous-narinaires branches des artères faciales, et des artères de la sous-cloison. Il existe un système d'anastomose fréquent entre les trois artères décrivant un aspect de 8 de chiffre couché au niveau de la lèvre supérieure. La lèvre inférieure est vascularisée par les artères labiales inférieures et par des branches de l'artère mentonnière ; il existe de manière constante au niveau de la lèvre inférieure une arche artérielle labiale inférieure provenant une fois sur cinq d'une artère labiales inférieure en T unique. Toute ces données anatomiques récentes permettent d'envisager dans de meilleures conditions la chirurgie réparatrice des lèvres.

     

男性CHD患者血清T和LP（a）测定的临床价值

目的：探讨血清睾酮（T）和脂蛋白（a）[Lipoprotein（a）,LP（a）]测定对男性冠心病患者的诊疗价值。方法：对102例疑似冠心病（CHD）的男性患者进行冠状动脉造影检查,根据造影结果分为（CHD）病组和非（CHD）组,分别采用放射免疫分析和免疫透射比浊法进行血清T和LP（a）的测定,并对结果进行分析。结果：男性CHD患者血清T水平明显低于非CHD组（P〈0.01）,而血清LP（a）水平则显著高于非CHD组,两者之间呈负相关。结论：检测血清T和LP（a）对男性CHD患者的辅助诊断、疗效观察和预后判断具有重要价值。     

Abnormal extrapelvic course of the inferior gluteal artery

At its extrapelvic course the inferior gluteal a. is found to be strictly related to the sciatic n. This relationship has been described in a general way, emphasizing its medial localization in respect to the nerve. Clinicosurgical reports describe cases of aneurysms of the inferior gluteal a. on its extrapelvic course and subsequent compression at the nerve. In order to get further details on the relationship between these two structures, 80 gluteal regions from 40 cadavers of adult Brazilian individuals, 29 males and 11 females, were dissected. The inferior gluteal a. was found medial to the sciatic n. in 62 cases (77.5%); in the 18 remaining (22.5%) the trunk of the artery or one of its branches perforated the nerve. Of these, 14 (77.8%) were males and 4 (22.2%) females. This disposition was found 8 times (44.4%) on the right and 10 (55.6%) on the left side; was unilateral in 4 individuals (1 on the right and 3 on the left side) and bilateral in 7. The course of the inferior gluteal a. through the sciatic n. and/or the presence of aneurysms of this artery should be considered as a possible cause of nerve compression.     

结扎双侧椎动脉对家兔BAEPs的影响

本实验通过对１０只家兔双侧推动脉结扎，观察手术前后脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰｓ）的变化［１］。结果发现：动物在推动脉结扎后，随时间延长ＢＡＥＰｓ各波的波幅逐渐减压，潜伏期逐渐延长；上述变化持续进行４０分钟，以后无大变化。提示：ＢＡＥＰｓ可以客观地反映椎基底动脉的供血情况。本项研究为临床用ＢＡＥＰｓ诊断椎基底动脉供血不足，提供了一项理论依据。