腰神经后外支卡压症针刀手术入路研究

目的研究腰神经后外支卡压症的解剖学机制以及针刀治疗腰神经后外支卡压症的手术入路.方法在15具成年尸体的腰背部解剖观测腰神经后外支及其通过的腰椎横突背骨纤维管的解剖结构,并进行骨纤维管的表面解剖测量.结果测得腰神经后外支直径1.07±0.17mm;腰神经横突背骨纤维管的横径2.13～3.92mm,纵径1.08～1.97mm,后外支骨纤维管距体表深度34.17～41.64mm,骨纤维管长轴与后中线夹角约40°～50°.结论(1)在正常情况下腰椎横突背骨纤维管有制约保护腰神经后外支的作用,但在损伤变形后却成为腰神经后外支卡压症主要致病因素.(2)根据解剖观测设计了较合理的针刀治疗后外支卡压症的手术入路并指出了手术中应注意避免损伤的结构,供临床治疗参考.     

��֫������ܲ�ȫ��Cockett�ۺ���

目的 下肢静脉曲张及下肢深静脉功能不全病人的左髂总静脉（LCIV）病变的发病情况及其之间的关系。以指导临床治疗。方法 连续为73例（100条患肢）下肢静脉曲张病人行术前患肢深静脉逆行造影及LCIV造影。结果 （1）LCIV总异常率为47.9%,在有左侧下肢静脉曲张的病人中有31例(59.6%),在只有右侧下肢静脉曲张的病人中,仅4例（19.4%),两组间的LCIV异常的比率差异有显著意义（P=0.0017)。LCIV异常包括髂腔静脉交界处压迹,不同程度的狭窄,增宽,充盈缺损和侧支形成。（2）下肢深静脉功能不全67条肢体,占67.0%,在左LCIV造影异常的病斧正中,左侧下肢深列脉Ⅲ或Ⅳ级逆流者14例,在左LCIV造影正常的病例中,左侧下肢深静脉有Ⅲ或Ⅳ级逆流者仅6例,二者间差异也有显著意义（P=0.0205)。结论 Cockett综合征可能是左下肢静脉曲张的原因之一。同时也是左下肢深静脉功能不全的原因之一。     

Mechanical augmentation of the vertebral body by calcium phosphate cement injection

The effectiveness of transpedicular calcium phosphate cement (CPC) injection as a new treatment for osteoporotic compression fracture of vertebrae was evaluated by measuring the compressive strength and the mode of failure in vertebrae experimentally injected with CPC. Forty-five human cadaver vertebrae were divided into three groups: a control group; group A, in which CPC was injected into the upper half of the vertebral body; and group B, in which CPC was injected into the whole vertebra. The load-displacement curve characteristically had two peaks in group A, and decreased rapidly after failure in group B. The failure site was the cancellous bone immediately below the cranial endplate in the control group, cancellous bone immediately below the CPC injection area in group A, and in the CPC injection area in group B. Although mechanical strength was greatest in those vertebrae in which the entire cancellous bone was replaced with CPC, the compressive strength of the vertebrae was also increased by partial replacement of cancellous bone with CPC injection. In terms of mode of failure and mechanical gradient with adjacent vertebrae, there were several advantages for those vertebrae in which the cranial half of the cancellous bone was replaced with CPC. Received: May 29, 2000 / Accepted: September 20, 2000     

微创经皮钢板骨桥接术联合锁定加压钛板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板骨桥接术（minimallyi nvasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis，MIPPO）联合锁定加压钛板（locking compression plate，LCP）治疗胫骨远端骨折的近期疗效。方法2004年6月～2006年3月采用MIPPO联合LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折16例，AO分型：43A1型7例，43A3型5例，43B1型2例，43C3型2例。采用3种方法复位胫骨骨折后插入LCP，用锁定螺钉固定。结果16例随访5～20个月，平均11，5月。16例切口一期愈合，骨折无延迟愈合、畸形愈合、断钉、断板等并发症。术后X线检查4～12周（平均7．6周）骨痂形成并开始部分负重，8～20周骨性愈合（平均16周），此时开始完全负重。3例出现胫骨远端内植物局部不适。根据美国足踝骨科学会评分系统对踝关节功能评分，优14例（87．5％），良2例（12，5％）。结论MIPPO具有创伤小、固定牢靠、可早期功能锻炼等优点，近期疗效满意，是治疗胫骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

自锁式防旋自动滑动加压钉板的研制与生物力学研究

目的研制自锁式防旋自动滑动加压钉板（self—locking type pro-rotary auto-sliding＆compression nail plate，LPSC—NP）用于股骨颈骨折内固定，对其进行生物力学性能测试，为临床应用提供依据。方法采集18具新鲜成年股骨近端标本，制成股骨颈骨折，分别用LPSC—NP、3枚空心钉、双头中空加压螺纹钉、动力髋螺钉内固定，并进行生物力学测试，用SPSS统计软件对实验数据进行分析。结果LPSC—NP的承载能力和抗扭转强度、刚度均明显大于后三者。结论LPSC—NP固定股骨颈骨折牢固可靠，符合生物力学要求。该器械结构合理，简单适用，有一定的临床价值。     

Mechanical Testing of Seven Fixation Methods for Generation of Compression Across a Midtarsal Osteotomy: A Comparison of Internal and External Fixation Devices

The purpose of this study was to assess 7 methods of fixation for a midtarsal osteotomy. Polyurethane foam models (N = 6) and cadaver specimens (N = 4-7) were used to examine the force generated by the different constructs of fixation. A midtarsal osteotomy was performed on each specimen in the test groups. The osteotomies were fixated either with 2 parallel 0.062-in Kirschner wires and 40-mm-long, 4-mm partially threaded, cancellous, cannulated titanium screws, an external ring fixator (frame), a frame with wires tensioned (tension), a frame with wires tensioned and compressed toward the osteotomy (tension and compression), a frame with tension, compression, and parallel Kirschner wires, or a frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, respectively. Each model was fixated, and the force generated by the construct across the osteotomy was recorded via the use of pressure-sensitive film. Statistical analysis of the data in the polyurethane foam group determined that the use of frame with tension, compression, and two 4.0 parallel cannulated screws was statistically superior to 1) frame, 2) frame with tension, 3) 2 parallel Kirschner wires, 4) two 4.0 cannulated parallel screws, and 5) frame with tension and compression. A cadaver study determined that the frame with tension, compression, and 2 parallel Kirschner wires was statistically superior to 1) frame and 2) two parallel Kirschner wires. These findings suggest that there is a difference in the force generated by the type of fixation construct across a midtarsal osteotomy.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的生存质量研究

目的观察中西医结合非手术治疗与椎体成形术和椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的中长期生存质量。方法采取回顾性研究的方法,收集2006年1月~2008年12月在广东省中医院住院治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者108例,其中非手术治疗者55例,椎体成形术治疗者53例。以生活质量问卷SF-36量表及视觉直观模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)为测评量表,对比非手术治疗和椎体成形术、椎体后凸成形术治疗超过3年后的生活质量,并观察再骨折的发生率。结果治疗后到随访时间平均50.59个月(36~69个月),SF-36量表评分的生理机能、生理职能、情感职能上非手术组为优于手术组,两组间比较有统计学意义(P值均0.05),其余各维度无统计学意义。VAS评分上非手术组为优于手术组,两组间对比有统计学意义,(P值0.05)。结论就中长期生存质量及疼痛改善程度来看,非手术治疗组优于手术组,且再骨折发生率较低,提示临床工作中要严格把握骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者手术指征。     

局限性肾癌的外科治疗进展

在过去三十年,随着横断面影像学的发展及在临床上的应用增多,使偶然发现的肾肿块数量不断增加,导致无症状、局限性、肾小肿块发生率随之升高。对于临床上发现的局限性肾癌,长期以来根治性肾切除一直是传统治疗的"金标准",但随着早期肾癌检出率的增高以及许多新技术和新观念的出现,应该对肾癌的治疗方式进行重新评估。     

锁定加压钢板治疗老年股骨转子下骨折

<正>2009年10月~2013年3月,我院采用股骨近端锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗老年股骨转子下骨折患者,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组36例,男21例,女15例,年龄62~92岁。均为新鲜闭合性骨折,左侧15例,右侧21例。骨折按Seinsheimer分型:ⅡA型10例,ⅡB型9例,ⅡC型7例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例,Ⅴ型3例。合并内科疾病:心血管疾病25例,糖尿病5例,呼吸系统疾病3     

“蛋壳”技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的应用

目的 探讨蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的可行性和疗效.方法 分析从2009年6月-2013年12月,采用蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年人严重胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折43例46个椎体.局麻/全麻下经后路单侧椎弓根穿刺置入病椎,球囊缓慢扩张椎体,小剂量(0.5～1.0 mL)骨水泥注入撑开的空腔,再次插入球囊并撑开椎体高度,使之形成一薄的骨水泥蛋壳,撤出球囊,再次注入骨水泥填充.观察患者的视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、活动能力评分、椎体高度测量及Cobb's角测量.结果 所有手术都顺利完成,无严重手术并发症.VAS评分由术前的(7.9±0.8)分下降至术后的(3.5±0.8)分(P＜0.05),活动能力评分由术前的(3.5±0.6)分改善到术后的(1.3±0.4)分(P＜0.05),椎体高度由术前的(13.5±2.0) mm增加到术后的(31.2±1.5) mm(P＜0.05),Cobb's角由术前的(31.8°±6.9°)矫正到术后的(18.2°±5.8°)(P＜0.05),差异均有统计学意义.所有患者门诊随访1～5个月,平均3.8个月,未出现椎体压缩、新发和相邻节段的骨折,临床表现明显改善.结论 蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术中的应用是治疗老年严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的一种快速有效方法,具有可行性.