双胎输血综合征29对临床分析

目的：探讨新生儿双胎输血综合征的临床表现及其合并症等问题。方法：对过去10年间收治的29对双胎输血综合征患儿资料进行回顾性分析。结果：双胎输血综合征患儿有一般双胎儿的临床共性，且双胎输血综合征患儿中受血儿出现病理临床表现及合并症较供血儿多且严重。结论：双胎输血综合征对受血儿危害更大，故临床上一旦确诊为双胎输血综合征，应对受血儿进行严密监护，若出现临床表现，并发生红细胞增多症，应积极采取治疗措施，以减少严重并发症及后遗症的发生。     

A Chinese adolescent girl with Fechtner-like syndrome

We describe a 15-y-old girl with Fechtner-like syndrome, who is the first Chinese reported to have this rare syndrome. She presented with left homonymous hemianopia and neuroimaging revealed haemorrhage in both parietal and occipital lobes. Peripheral blood smear showed macrothrombocytopenia and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies inside leucocytes. Thrombocytopenia and proteinuria responded to intravenous immunoglobulin and pulsed methylprednisolone. This case illustrates that life-threatening haemorrhage can occur in patients with Fechtner syndrome. Although there was no effective treatment reported in the literature, high dose steroid and immunoglobulin seemed to be useful in our patient. Our patient also had nephritic-nephrotic syndrome with renal insufficiency, which is unusual in adolescent female patients.     

Anti-gal-C antibody in autoimmune neuropathies subsequent to mycoplasma infection

Four of 82 patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 1 of 12 with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), who previously had had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, had serum antibody to galactocerebroside (Gal-C). Two patients with GBS without mycoplasma infection also had anti-Gal-C antibody, whereas none of the normal or the disease controls had it. As Gal-C is a major glycolipid antigen in myelin, anti-Gal-C antibody may function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinative neuropathies. Mycoplasma pneumoniae appears to be an important preceding infectious agent in autoimmune neuropathies with anti-Gal-C antibody. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Familial Sneddon's syndrome

We report the familial occurrence and apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of Sneddon's syndrome with variable clinical expression. The proband, a 40-year-old woman, presented with livedo reticularis and progressive neurological deterioration following a stroke. The diagnosis was confirmed by cerebral angiogram and skin biopsy, both showing the characteristic findings. Two of the patient's sisters were reported to have been similarly affected in the past. Her mother, two additional siblings and five of her seven children exhibited various vasospastic skin phenomena. Familial aggregation of this disorder may be common and a genetic basis may be involved in its pathogenesis.     

中医对干燥综合征治法和用药初探

干燥综合是一种全身性自身免疫病,目前西医对本病无疗法。因此探讨中医对本病的治法和用药,提高临床有效率是十分必要的。本文在中医辯证理论的指导下,提出了:益气养阴、养阴清热、琉风清热、养血活血、清热化湿、痹通络等六种治疗方法和用药初探,以供临床参考应用。     

Diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome

Patients who develop symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) have a predisposing anatomic abnormality. In most patients with TOS, the symptoms are caused by entrapment of the brachial plexus and they do not arise from compression of the subclavian artery, as was previously thought. The tests advocated for diagnosing this common syndrome (i.e., evaluating the positional compression of the artery when the arms are raised, the neck is turned, or the shoulders are braced) cannot accurately diagnose this syndrome. There are two reasons for this. The symptoms of TOS are not related to the compression of the artery in the outlet in 98% of patients, and 75% of normal individuals without symptoms show diminished radial pulse on various provocation tests. We employed four timed provocation tests (minute tests) to diagnose TOS: the timed Morley test, timed Wright test, timed Eden test, and elevated arm stress exercise, all of which are very sensitive. In normal individuals without symptoms, 20% experience transitional symptoms such as slight pain and tiredness, on these tests indicating a subclinical state. TOS is treated by keeping the thoracic outlet wide, this being done either conservatively or surgically. In 1993 and 1994, we conservatively treated 418 of 422 patients with TOS by means of active exercise, a brace, and by block therapy. These measures did not reduce the symptoms in 23 of these patients, so surgical treatment was indicated. In the remaining 4 of the 422 patients, conservative treatment was not indicated and surgery was performed directly. All the patients showed significant clinical improvement of varying degree. Presented at the 69th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Tokyo, April 12, 1996     

Hemophagocytic syndrome and T-cell lymphoma after kidney transplantation: a case report

Lymphoma in immunocompromised transplant patients is a feared cause of morbidity and mortality. Superimposed on the lymphoma and the transplantation immunosuppression is a rare condition: hemophagocytic syndrome (HS). HS is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, jaundice, coagulopathy, and phagocytosis of blood elements with pancytopenia. Here we describe a rare but fatal case of a kidney transplant patient who developed T-cell lymphoma and HS, without evidence of EBV replication. A short review of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HS is given. Received: 4 March 1997 Received after revision: 6 June 1997 Accepted: 30 June 1997     

小儿肾脏疾病血,尿内皮素的变化

目的研究小儿肾脏疾病血、尿内皮素（ＰＥＴ、ＵＥＴ）的水平及其相互关系。方法采用同位素放免方法检测了肾病综合征（ＮＳ），肾小球肾炎（ＧＮ），肾功能衰竭（ＲＦ）共７２例患儿血及尿中ＥＴ，血心钠素（ＡＮＰ）水平。结果ＮＳ，ＧＮ，ＲＦ三组的ＰＥＴ及ＵＥＴ值明显高于对照组，尤其ＲＦ组（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＮＰ值在ＧＮ组和ＲＦ组明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。８例ＡＲＦ患儿恢复期血ＥＴ水平下降，６例ＣＲＦ患儿虽经治疗，但血ＥＴ水平不降或上升。结论ＥＴ在小儿肾脏疾病发病机理及病情进展中可能起重要作用，其值高低与病情严重程度及预后有关。     

老年人微小病变性肾病综合征的临床特征和长期随访

探讨老年人微小病变性(MC)特发性肾病综合征(PNS)的临床特征及预后。方法 观察成人MC性PNS118例,其中老年患者18例,占15.2％。结果 发现老年患者NS的临床表现与成年组相似;但血尿发病率较低,22％比38％;高血压和肾功能不全的发病率明显增高,38.9％比16％和33.3％比19％(P<0.01)。老年组对激素治疗的敏感性略差;但NS复发率明显减少,11.1％比43％。结论 尽管NS的复发和对激素依赖使治疗有一定困难,但激素、细胞毒性药物和环孢素A对于消除蛋白尿,延缓肾功能不全是有助的。     

成人原发性肾病综合征血容量与肾素,醛固酮,心钠素的关系

探讨成人原发性肾病综合征(NS)血容量与肾素、醛固酮及心钠素的关系。方法 应用~(113)mInCl标记转铁蛋白稀释法测定血容量,放免法测定血浆激素水平。对水肿期NS28例、正常26例及其中NS缓解期随访18例进行检测。结果 (1)水肿期NS血容量与正常组无差别,血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)、心钠素(ANP)水平均较正常组高,白蛋白、各激素水平与血容量无显著相关;(2)缓解期与水肿期比较,总的血容量无差异,Ald、ANP显著降低,PRA、ATⅡ则无明显差异;(3)Ald与24小时尿排钠(UNaV)显著负相关。结论 Ald和ANP是NS钠排泄的主要调节因子。