HY—HDR18型遥控后装治疗机的端效应和施用器的射线吸收率

测定ＨＹ－ＨＤＲ１８型遥控后装治疗机的端效应及附带施用器的射线吸收率。方法：ＨＹ－ＨＤＲ１８型遥控后装治疗机,Ｉｒ－１９２放射源,活度６～８Ｃｉ（２２２～２９６ＧＢｑ）,妇科不锈钢施用器,外径４ｍｍ,内径２ｍｍ,壁厚１ｍｍ,３０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ３有机玻璃膜体,Ｆａｒｍｅｒ２５６０剂量仪。在距离放射源５ｃｍ空气中,测量不同时间的放射量,计算源传输的端效应。在距离放射源５ｃｍ空气中,测量有和无施用器的照射量,计算施用器的吸收率。结果：积分剂量与源驻留时间形成的直线通过原点。华杨公司提供的不锈钢妇科施用器,对Ｉｒ－１９２γ射线吸收率为０．７％。结论：ＨＹ－ＨＤＲ１８型后装治疗机的端效应在放射测量时可以忽略不计,其放射治疗时施用器对放射线的吸收可以忽略不计。     

威灵仙总皂苷的分离纯化

目的：研究用大孔树脂分离纯化技术从威灵仙中提取分离有效部位威灵仙总皂苷。方法：将威灵仙粉粹后用70％乙醇渗滤提取,收集浓缩提取液后,上D101大孔树脂,依次用10％氨水、水、20％乙醇洗脱杂质,最后以70％乙醇洗脱有效部位,得总皂苷提取物,用齐墩果酸作对照,检测其含量。结果：威灵仙总皂苷主要富集于70％乙醇洗脱液部分,总皂苷含量达23．14％。结论：采用大孔吸附树脂分离纯化威灵仙总皂苷是可行的,可用于其他应用方面的研究。     

三种脾虚证模型小鼠消化吸收功能改变的比较研究

目的 对3种脾虚证模型小鼠在消化吸收方面的改变进行比较。方法 实验动物分为4组,即对照组、大黄组、力竭游泳组和劳倦过度组。观察各组小鼠一般体征、D-木糖排泄率、血清淀粉酶活性、胃排空、肠推进速度、血清胃泌素含量、脏器指数等指标的变化。结果 3种方法塑造的脾虚小鼠模型均出现了D-木糖排泄率降低、胃排空、肠推进速度加快。与对照组比较,劳倦过度组的所有指标均有显著变化,而力竭游泳组的血清淀粉酶活性、脾脏指数降低不显著,大黄组的血清胃泌素含量变化、胸腺指数变化不显著。结论 劳倦过度法塑造脾虚证动物模型各指标的变化显著,大黄泻下法和力竭游泳法变化不显著。     

武汉市汉江和长江水源饮用水中有机物污染谱系分析

[目的] 了解武汉市长江和汉江为水源的末梢水中有机物的污染谱系,为汉江和长江水体污染监测与治理,以及其饮用水有机物污染危险性评价提供资料和依据。[方法] 于丰水期和枯水期分别采集武汉市汉江和长江为水源的末梢水水样,用XAD-2和XAD-8等比例混合树脂(XAD-2/8)富集水样中的有机污染物,用GC/MS方法分析各样品的有机物组成。[结果] 在本实验条件下,以汉江为水源的末梢水,在丰水期和枯水期分别检测出有机物110种和102种。以长江为水源的末梢水,在丰水期和枯水期分别检测出有机物79种和95种。污染物中以烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃、酯类、邻苯二甲酸酯类为主。汉江水源末梢水有机物种类无论是在枯水期还是丰水期均明显多于长江水源的末梢水。[结论] 武汉市以汉江和长江为水源的末梢水受到一定程度的有机物污染,污染物种类复杂且来源广泛,应引起人们的高度重视。     

Increased hepatic blood flow during enteral immune-enhancing diet gavage requires intact enterohepatic bile cycling

ObjectivesTotal hepatic blood flow (HBF) via the hepatic artery and portal vein is highly dependent on gastrointestinal perfusion. During postprandial hyperemia, intestinal blood flow depends on nutrient composition, gastrointestinal location, and time. Immune-enhancing diets (IEDs) containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) selectively augment blood flow in the ileum at 60–120 min via a bile-dependent mechanism. My colleagues and I hypothesized that liver blood flow would be similarly affected by IEDs containing n-3 PUFAs.MethodsMean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and effective HBF (galactose clearance) were measured in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats after gastric gavage of either a control diet (CD, Boost, Novartis) or an IED (Impact, Nestle Nutrition), with or without bile-duct ligation (BDL), and with or without supplemental bile (bovine, dried, unfractionated). Significance was assessed by 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures with the Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference test.ResultsCompared with baseline levels, a CD increased HBF (peak at 40 min , *P < 0.05) whereas an IED increased HBF in two distinct peaks at 40 min (*P < 0.05) and 120 min (*P < 0.05), but BDL prevented both the early (CD and IED, 2P < 0.05) and late peaks (IED, 2P < 0.05). Bile supplementation in the CD + BDL or IED + BDL groups restored neither the CD peak nor the early or late IED peaks.ConclusionsHBF during absorptive intestinal hyperemia is modulated by a mechanism that requires an intact enterohepatic circulation. The early peaks at 40 min (CD or IED) were prevented by BDL, even though fat absorption in the proximal gut occurs by bile-independent direct absorption. Bile supplementation with the diet (CD + BDL or IED + BDL) was insufficient to restore HBF hyperemia, which implies that a relationship exists between intestinal and hepatic blood flow that is not solely dependent on bile-mediated intestinal fat absorption and bile recirculation.     

膈腹膜吸收间皮扫描电镜图像处理系统定量研究

应用扫描电镜、电镜与计算机联机数字图像处理系统对小鼠膈腹膜进行观察、图像复原、图像数据化处理和统计分析，并根据腹膜间皮形态和功能提出吸收间皮概念。同时，还以测定吸收间皮分布面积揭示腹膜对物质的转归作用。实验结果表明，全膈腹膜吸收间皮以板块状正偏态分布，最大板块面积１１５３μｍ＾３，最小６６μｍ＾２，其中左膈和右膈腹膜吸收间皮均以正态分布。全膈、左膈和右膈腹膜吸收间皮板块平均面积分别为４３２．６μｍ     

Changes in absorptive function of rat intestine injured by methotrexate

1. Methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer drug, has been shown to induce acute injury in the small intestine. The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo absorptive function of the small intestine injured by MTX using an amino-beta-lactam antibiotic cephalexin (CEX). Time-dependent changes in diamine oxidase (DAO) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the small intestine and histopathological findings were also measured in rats treated with MTX (20 mg/kg). 2. Most severe mucosal damage was observed 2 days after MTX treatment and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of CEX (AUC(CEX)) following oral administration of 20 mg/kg tended to decrease. Thereafter, the AUC(CEX) increased significantly and the histopathological changes diminished within 5 days. 3. Both villus height and mucosal weight followed the same pattern, decreasing in the first 2 or 3 days following treatment, increasing on the 5th day and returning to control levels by the 10th day. Methotrexate-induced changes in the mucosal wet weight/whole intestinal weight ratio were significantly correlated with those of AUC(CEX), but did not correlate with mucosal DAO and ALP activity. 4. These findings provide evidence that the change in the total amount of CEX is an index of the active transport function, probably by intestinal peptide transporter (PEPT1), and is well reflected by histopathological changes in the intestinal mucosa induced by MTX. In addition, there is a possibility that this method could be applied in the clinical setting for diagnosis of intestinal status and absorptive function.     

磁珠捕获法在去除残留消毒剂中的应用

目的研究磁珠捕获法在化学消毒剂杀菌效果试验中去除残留消毒剂的应用。方法通过中和剂鉴定试验程序,采用活菌计数法,评价磁珠捕获法去除残留消毒剂的效果。结果裸磁珠Ⅱ的吸附性能最佳,吸附率>99.25%。0.03 mol/L PBS溶液较大得削弱了裸磁珠的吸附性能,其余溶液几乎无影响。磁珠捕获法与中和剂法结合后,能进一步去除残留消毒剂。结论磁珠捕获和中和剂结合法能有效降低中和剂筛选的难度和复杂度,是一种较实用有效的评价化学消毒剂杀菌效果的方法 。     

大鼠实验性脾虚证小肠粘膜吸收细胞酶组织化学变化

雄性Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、脾虚组、自然恢复组和治疗组。除对4组大鼠的小肠粘膜组织学结构进行了观察外,着重观察了琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),三磷酸腺苷酶(AT-Pase),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)的变化,并对SDH、LDH两种酶进行了显微分光光度计的定量测定。观察发现,小肠粘膜未见明显的组织学异常变化。脾虚组小肠吸收细胞的SDH、G-6-Pase和ATPase活性低于正常组,而LDH、ALP的活性高于对照组。与自然恢复组相比,治疗组上述5种酶的活性均高于自然恢复组。显微分光光度计对SDH和LDH的测定结果与光镜半定量结果一致。提示脾虚组小肠粘膜吸收细胞参与糖代谢、能量代谢的酶出现的变化,与脾虚组大鼠的一些证候有关。经四君子汤治疗后,治疗组大鼠与自然恢复组相比,5种酶活性均显著增强,提示四君子汤对大鼠脾虚证有一定的治疗作用。     

不同血液净化方法对慢性肾功能衰竭维持性血液透析患者血清甲状旁腺素的影响

目的比较不同血液净化技术对慢性肾功能衰竭(肾衰)维持性血液透析患者血清甲状旁腺素(PTH)的清除效果.方法符合入选标准的90例慢性肾衰维持性血液透析患者随机分为血液吸附(AP)组、血液透析滤过(HDF)组、血液透析(HD)组3组.AP组接受血液吸附联合血液透析治疗,HDF组接受血液透析滤过1次,HD组接受血液透析治疗.用放射免疫法测定血清PTH水平;记录患者治疗前后血白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、PTH的变化,比较3组的肾小球滤过率(GFR)和透析时间.结果①AP组患者治疗后血PTH从(291.7±237.5)ng/L降至(122.2±114.5)ng/L,平均单次清除率为48.6%±55.2%,治疗前后比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);皮肤瘙痒缓解率为83.3%(10/12例).②HDF组患者治疗后血PTH从(325.9±423.1)ng/L降至(90.9±93.7)ng/L,平均单次清除率为59.5%±22.7%.治疗前后比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);皮肤瘙痒缓解率为50.0%(4/8例).③HD组患者治疗后血PTH从(297.7±211.3)ng/L降至(248.1±105.5)ng/L,平均单次清除率为13.1%±30.2%,治疗前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);皮肤瘙痒缓解率为14.3%(1/7例).结论①血液吸附联合血液透析治疗慢性肾衰能有效清除PTH,缓解皮肤瘙痒症状.②血液透析滤过能有效清除PTH,缓解皮肤瘙痒症状.③血液透析不能有效清除PTH,也不能有效缓解皮肤瘙痒症状.