造影剂到达腹主动脉的峰值大小与患者因素的关系

目的探讨造影剂到达腹主动脉的峰值大小与患者因素之间的关系。方法108例患者以2.5ml/s注射欧乃派克(300mgI/ml)20ml,12s后采用testbolus技术在腹腔干水平同层动态扫描腹主动脉,用dynamic evaluation软件测得腹主动脉的峰值大小,采用单因素回归分析和多因素逐步回归分析法研究患者的性别、年龄、身高、体重、心率、血压、注射位点、达峰时间及是否有心脏病、糖尿病、或化疗史对造影剂到达腹主动脉峰值大小是否有影响及影响程度。结果造影剂到达腹主动脉峰值大小,在男性平均比女性低;其随年龄、身高、体重、达峰时间的增加而逐渐降低,注射位点在手背静脉其值平均比在肘部静脉低;其不受心率、血压、是否有心脏病、糖尿病或化疗史的影响。参考公式:峰值大小(HU)=383.8400-身高(cm)×1.0909-体重(kg)×0.6760 注射位点×16.7878-达峰时间(s)×1.6882。结论可根据患者的性别、年龄、身高、体重、注射位点和达峰时间来适当调整患者CT血管成像时造影剂用量。     

蟾酥注射液对小鼠S180和人结肠癌HT-29裸鼠移植性肿瘤的影响

目的研究蟾酥注射液对小鼠移植性肿瘤 S180和人结肠癌 HT-29裸鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用.方法分别用小鼠 S180和人结肠癌 HT-29裸鼠两种荷瘤小鼠模型,观察药物对上述肿瘤的抑瘤作用,并镜下观察后者细胞凋亡情况.结果与荷瘤阴性对照组比较,蟾酥注射液各剂量组对小鼠 S180抑瘤率( IR)为 19.1%～38.2%(P<0.05),呈量效关系;而对人结肠癌 HT-29裸鼠移植性肿瘤的 IR为 9.5%～15.8%(P>0.05),也呈量效关系,但差异均未见统计学意义;环磷酰胺则能显著抑制小鼠 S180和 HT-29细胞裸鼠移植性肿瘤的生长( IR分别为70.7%和 67.1%, P<0.01),镜检可见其有显著促进肿瘤细胞凋亡作用;未发现实验药物出现明显的毒副作用.结论该实验所用的蟾酥注射液,对小鼠 S180有抑制作用,而对人结肠癌 HT-29裸鼠移植性肿瘤,则作用不明显,表明不同类型的肿瘤对其敏感性不同.     

A case of congenital supratentorial tumor: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor or primitive neuroectodermal tumor?

Two embryonal CNS tumors, atypical teratoid/rabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), may be confused with each other and misdiagnosed. Here we report an infant with a congenital supratentorial tumor, which was detected by fetal MRI at 37 weeks gestation. On routine histological examination, the tumor was composed mainly of small undifferentiated cells, among which many rhabdoid cells and occasional sickle‐shaped embracing cells were observed. No mesenchymal or epithelial areas were evident. Our impression was that the tumor was an atypical example of AT/RT. Immunohistochemically, almost all the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin. However, epithelial membrane antigen was notably negative, and most of the tumor cell nuclei were clearly positive for INI1. In addition, many tumor cells were positive for neurofilament protein. There were also occasional small areas containing many tumor cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Finally, a diagnosis of PNET, with a rhabdoid phenotype and expression of neuronal and glial markers, was made. In the present case, application of INI1 immunostaining was very helpful for distinguishing PNET from AT/RT.     

ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION AND SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION METHOD FOR LARGE COLORECTAL TUMORS

The goal of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is to allow the endoscopist to obtain tissue or resect lesions not previously amenable to standard biopsy or excisional techniques and to remove malignant lesions without open surgery. In this article, we describe the results of conventional EMR and EMR using an insulation‐tipped (IT) electrosurgical knife (submucosal dissection method) for large colorectal mucosal neoplasms and discuss the problems and future prospects of these procedures. At present, conventional EMR is much more feasible than EMR using IT‐knife from the perspectives of time, money, complication, and organ preservation. However, larger lesions tend to be resected in a piecemeal fashion; and it is difficult to confirm whether EMR has been complete. For accurate histopathological assessment of the resected specimen en bloc EMR is desirable although further experience is needed to establish its safety and efficacy. Further improvements of in EMR with special knife techniques are required to simply and safely remove large colorectal neoplasms.     

少见和不典型椎管肿瘤的MRI诊断和误诊分析

目的：探讨少见和不典型椎管肿瘤MRI误诊原因，提高对该类疾病的认识。资料与方法：对16例少见和不典型椎管肿瘤进行回顾性手术病理对照分析。结果：8例实性神经鞘瘤，7例MRI误诊为脊膜瘤，1例误诊为室管膜瘤；2例神经母细胞瘤误诊为硬膜外淋巴瘤和脊膜瘤；2例海绵状血管瘤误诊为神经鞘瘤；3例血管畸形误诊为室管膜瘤、神经鞘瘤和硬膜外脓肿：1例血管球瘤误诊为硬膜外淋巴瘤。结论：在评价椎管肿瘤方面，MRI具有绝对优势，根据肿瘤的位置、信号强度和均匀度，再辅以对比剂的恰当应用，不仅对典型的肿瘤能做出正确诊断，对不典型的和少见的椎管肿瘤也可提供更多可靠的信息。     

Long-term survival after removal of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor originating in the anterior mediastinum

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs; malignant schwannomas) rarely occur in the anterior mediastinum, and their prognosis is poor. A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital for examination of an anterior mediastinal tumor. A computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle biopsy revealed only fibrosis. The tumor was completely excised via a median sternotomy with partial resection of the pericardium and right upper lobe of the lung. Thereafter, the tumor was diagnosed as a storiform-pleomorphic type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. At 1 year after the surgery, a distant metastasis was found in the interlobular space between the right middle and lower lobes. The tumor was completely excised via a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Reexamination of the primary and secondary tumors revealed an MPNST. No recurrence was found up to 5 years after the second surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. However, he died from multiple lung metastases after 6 years.     

肿瘤物理治疗技术及设备

简要介绍了肿瘤的放射治疗和热治疗的技术及设备，介绍了各种技术及设备的特点。     

双功能域重组FN多肽抑制癌细胞浸润能力的研究

在制备了两个Cell Ⅰ-Hep Ⅱ 双结构域重组FN多肽(CH50和CH56)的基础上,研究其抑制肿瘤细胞浸润能力的作用。两个多肽的结构差异是CH50中删除了Cell I和HepⅡ之间的Ⅲ-11和ED-A结构顺序。CH50(ED_(50)为30.2 nmol/L)结合细胞的能力略高于CH56(ED_(50)为45.4 nmol/L)。两种多肽均可显著抑制黑色素瘤B16/F1细胞结合层粘素的能力,抑制作用相同。在体内肿瘤浸润抑制试验中,两种多肽均可显著抑制癌细胞浸润能力,使肺转移结节数降低80％左右。结果提示:Ⅲ-11和ED-A结构顺序对Cell Ⅰ-Hep Ⅱ 双结构域多肽结合细胞的能力有一定的影响,但删除Ⅲ-11和ED-A不是重组多肽抑制肿瘤转移的决定因素,Cell I和Hep Ⅱ 这两个结构域单独连接在一起是其抑制肿瘤细胞转移的结构基础。