老年急腹症340例诊断与治疗

目的探讨常见老年外科急腹症的临床特点及诊断与治疗。方法对340例老年急腹症病例资料进行回顾性分析,统计患者术前误诊情况、合并疾病、术后并发症及死亡原因等情况,并进行相关诊治分析。结果手术治疗285例,非手术治疗55例。323例治愈,17例死亡。结论老年外科急腹症的特点是发病急、发展迅速、多合并不同程度的内科疾病,临床表现不典型,容易导致误诊,早期诊断,与内科协作处理并发症,选择合适的手术方法和麻醉方式,掌握好手术时机,能减少老年急腹症患者的术后并发症和死亡率。     

Imaging Features of Pediatric Pentastomiasis Infection: a Case Report

We report here a case of pentastomiasis infection in a 3-year-old girl who had high fever, abdominal pain, abdominal tension and anemia. Ultrasound scanning of the abdomen revealed disseminated hyperechoic nodules in the liver and a small amount of ascites. Abdominal MRI showed marked hepatomegaly with disseminated miliary nodules of high signal intensity throughout the hepatic parenchyma on T2-weighted images; retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and disseminated miliary nodules on the peritoneum were also noted. Chest CT showed scattered small hyperdense nodules on both sides of the lungs. The laparoscopy demonstrated diffuse white nodules on the liver surface and the peritoneum. After the small intestinal wall and peritoneal biopsy, histological examination revealed parenchymal tubercles containing several larvae of pentastomids and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration around them. The pathological diagnosis was parasitic granuloma from pentastomiasis infection.     

A reappraisal of pediatric abdominal surface anatomy

Surface anatomy is fundamental to clinical and surgical practices. As the surface anatomy varies with age, the purpose of this study is to provide age-standardized surface markings for the abdomen in children. A total of 155 abdominal computed tomography scans of healthy children aged 0–18 years were categorized into six groups, and the surface anatomy of the major vascular structures, solid viscera, and anatomical planes in the abdomen was analyzed. The vertebral levels of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and hepatic portal vein formation were higher in the youngest age group, whereas the levels of the inferior mesenteric artery, formation of the inferior vena cava, and renal arteries did not differ with age. The right kidney lay between T12 and L3 and the left at T11-L3; however, both kidneys were in lower positions in younger children. The spleen was most commonly located between the 8th and 11th ribs except in toddlers. In all age groups, the hepatic portal vein formation was within the transpyloric plane and the aortic bifurcation was above the supracristal plane. In vivo reassessment of the surface anatomy enables the substantial variability of surface landmarks to be highlighted. This study demonstrates that taking account of age-related variations will increase the accuracy and therefore the clinical relevance of surface anatomy.     

Effect of somatostatin on postoperative gastrointestinal function and stress level in children with acute abdomen: a prospective randomized controlled study北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨生长抑素对急腹症患儿术后胃肠功能及应激水平的影响。 方法 选取2019年8月至2021年6月徐州市儿童医院收治的行手术治疗的102例急腹症患儿为研究对象。将患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各51例。对照组患儿术后给予止血、抗感染等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用生长抑素。术前、术后第1天及术后第5天采集两组患儿外周血,比较两组患儿血清血管内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）、促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH）、皮质醇（cortisol,Cor）及胃泌素、胃动素水平,以及两组患儿术后恢复情况及并发症发生率。 结果 术前两组患儿血清ET-1、ACTH、Cor、胃动素及胃泌素水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后第1天、第5天,观察组患儿血清ET-1、ACTH、Cor水平均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;术后第5天,观察组患儿胃动素与胃泌素水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）。术后观察组患儿首次肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排便时间、住院时间均较对照组缩短（P<0.05）。观察组并发症发生率（6%）显著低于对照组（24%,P<0.05）。 结论 生长抑素可显著降低急腹症患儿术后应激反应,改善胃肠功能,降低并发症发生率,有益于疾病预后。     

急腹症合并糖尿病病人的围手术期处理

目的:探讨急腹症合并糖尿病病人围手术期的有效治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年7月本院206例急腹症病人的病历资料,根据就诊时是否有高血糖分成糖尿病(Ⅰ)组(N=116)和正常血糖(Ⅱ)组(N=90),针对两组病例不同病种的急腹症的治疗方式基本相同,比较两组疗效和预后.结果:与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅰ组患者术后体温恢复正常的时间延长,发生电解质紊乱多,感染率高,住院时间长,死亡率高.结论:急腹症合并糖尿病病人围手术期合理控制血糖,注意水电解质及酸碱平衡,加强抗感染治疗,选择适当术式,可减少术后并发症率和改善预后.     

Torsion of para-ovarian cyst

Torsion of uterine adnexa is an important cause of acute abdominal pain. Torsion of ovarian masses is quite common and isolated torsion of the fallopian tube has also been reported in the literature. However, torsion of para ovarian cyst is rare. We report a rare case of twisted paraovarian cyst. Torsion of the fallopian tube and paraovarian cyst is usually seen in the reproductive age group. Physicians need to maintain a high index of suspicion for this uncommon and often difficult to diagnose cause of abdominal pain.     

探讨彩色超声在妇产科急腹症中的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色超声检查对妇产科急腹症的诊断价值。方法对178例妇产科急腹症患者行腹部及阴道彩色超声检查,以临床诊断及病理检查结果作为诊断的金标准,将超声诊断结果与临床诊断结果进行对照。结果178例妇产科急腹症患者经彩超诊断168例,彩超与临床、病理检查结果诊断符合率为94.38％。其中异位妊娠发生率最高占81例,其次是卵巢黄体破裂出血29例、卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转28例。结论彩色超声检查诊断妇产科急腹症准确率高,且具有无创、简便、快速、可反复操作的特点,可作为妇产科急腹症的首选检查方法。     

腹腔开放合并肠空气瘘的防治

腹腔开放能够减轻腹腔内压力,便于清除感染坏死组织,及时止血,及时发现肠外瘘等并发症,目前腹腔开放疗法已成为应用损害控制理念救治严重创伤、重度腹腔感染、腹腔间隙综合征的重要治疗手段。但腹腔开放仍有一些并发症,尤其是继发肠空气瘘,一旦发生肠空气瘘,则需要调整治疗思路,建议采用阶段性治疗策略,同时重视此过程中肠内营养的应用。     

腹部原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT表现

目的：探讨腹部原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)的 CT 表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的17例腹部原发性 MFH 的 CT 表现及临床病理资料。结果腹膜后6例,肝脏5例,肾脏2例,肠系膜1例,大网膜1例,胃1例,回肠1例。肿块呈椭圆形、分叶状、结节形,体积较大。除2例胃肠道 MFH 呈均匀稍低密度影外,余病灶为稍低密度影内夹杂更低密度坏死区。增强后,腹膜后、大网膜、肠系膜及肝脏 MFH 多表现为实性成分、内部分隔呈渐进性或持续性强化,坏死部分无强化;肾脏病例边界不清,呈轻度持续性强化,程度低于正常肾实质;胃及回肠病变呈均匀持续性强化,对应胃肠黏膜正常。结论腹膜后 MHF 影像表现具有间质性肿瘤的特点,绝大部分病灶呈现渐进性及持续性强化的特征,与相应部位的癌肿影像表现明显不同。