Study of Surgical Emergencies of Tubercular Abdomen in Developing Countries

To study the various modes of presentation, diagnosis, and management of surgical emergencies of tubercular abdomen. This prospective study of surgical emergencies of tubercular abdomen was conducted in 50 patients who attended our surgical emergency from 2006 to 2008. Patients were evaluated thoroughly with history, physical examination, routine investigations, and special investigations such as ELISA, PCR, barium studies of gastrointestinal tract, and diagnostic laparoscopy as required and managed with medical and surgical treatment as necessary. The most of patients were from rural areas, in the third to sixth decades with slight male preponderance. Abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation were commonest presenting symptoms. About 20 % patients had history of pulmonary tuberculosis and 16 % patients presented with ascites. PCR for blood and ascitic fluid was positive in 72 and 87.5 % patients, respectively. About 24 % patients were managed nonoperatively and responded to ATT. About 76 % patients needed surgery among which one-fifth of patients were operated in emergency. Procedures like adhesiolysis of gut (47.3 %), strictureplasty (10.5 %), resection anastomosis (5.2 %), right hemicolectomy (5.2 %), and ileotransverse anastomosis (7.8 %) were performed in 30 patients and peritoneal biopsy and lymph node biopsy in the remaining 8 patients. Both medically and surgically managed patients were put on antitubercular therapy. Abdominal tuberculosis is a disease of middle-aged rural people, presenting commonly with abdominal pain and vomiting with right lower abdominal tenderness. PCR (blood and ascites) for tuberculosis is much more sensitive than IgM ELISA (blood and ascites). The most of patients required surgical procedures and all patients responded dramatically to antitubercular therapy symptomatically with increase in the hemoglobin level and decrease in ESR.     

高场强腹部MRI伪影及补偿技术研究

目的 探讨腹部高场强MRI检查伪影产生的原因及解决方法.方法 行高场强腹部MRI检查图像有不同程度伪影的112例患者,分析其伪影产生原因,并采用不同技术进行补偿.结果 112患者中呼吸运动伪影43例,血管搏动伪影12例,化学位移伪影12例,卷褶伪影18例,磁敏感伪影20例,设备伪影7例,经调整呼吸门控、腹部施加腹带、再次呼吸训练、扫描视野上下施加预饱和带、应用脂肪抑制技术、增加视野、应用过采样技术、去除金属异物、应用螺旋桨扫描技术等方法,98例伪影消失或减轻.结论 针对伪影产生原因改变扫描参数或扫描方法,可减少腹部高场强MRI图像的伪影,提高图像质量.     

Unsuspected colorectal carcinoma on routine abdominopelvic computed tomography

Colorectal carcinoma is a common lethal disease with signs and symptoms that may be nonspecific. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast is frequently performed for various general abdominal complaints, but unlike CT colonography, the large bowel may not be optimally prepared for evaluation. As such, careful and diligent assessment of the non-prepared colon in all CT images of the abdomen and pelvis is important, as it ensures that incidental colorectal malignancy is not missed, especially in older patients. This article gives an overview of multidetector CT imaging signs and subtle clues to aid in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma, as well as their pitfalls.     

The Case of Acute Appendicitis and Appendiceal Duplication

Background: Appendiceal anomalies are extremely rare malformations that are usually found in the adult population as an incidental finding during laparotomy performed for other reasons. Abnormal development of the appendix usually takes the form of a double appendix. Accompanying intestinal, genito-urinary or vertebral malformations may be present when appendiceal duplications are detected in childhood.

Case Report : Presented herein is a case of perforated double appendix, which causes acute abdomen in a child, without any co-existing pathology.

Conclusion : Appendiceal anomalies are of great practical importance and a surgeon must bear them in mind during an operation. If he overlooks them, the patient undergoing surgery may experience grave consequences. They also may be a forensic issue in cases when a second explorative laparotomy reveals ‘previously removed’ vermiform appendix.     

腹腔开放合并肠空气瘘的防治

腹腔开放能够减轻腹腔内压力,便于清除感染坏死组织,及时止血,及时发现肠外瘘等并发症,目前腹腔开放疗法已成为应用损害控制理念救治严重创伤、重度腹腔感染、腹腔间隙综合征的重要治疗手段。但腹腔开放仍有一些并发症,尤其是继发肠空气瘘,一旦发生肠空气瘘,则需要调整治疗思路,建议采用阶段性治疗策略,同时重视此过程中肠内营养的应用。