GC-MS联用法分析花椒油化学成分

目的:分析花椒油的化学成分。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析市售花椒油的化学成分,以峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果:从花椒油中分离鉴定出28种化学成分,含量占总花椒油含量的95.48%。结论:花椒油的主要化学成分为不饱和脂肪酸和单萜类。     

三种调味品的果蝇伴性隐性致死试验

桂皮、茴香和花椒是人们普遍喜爱的调味品。为了对它们的安全性作出精确的评价，我们用黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster)的野生型原种Oregon K品系和Basc(Muller-5)品系作为材料，从其F2检查了阴性对照、阳性对照和三种调味品对它们生殖细胞三个发育阶段（成熟精子、精细胞和精母细胞）的伴性隐性致死（SLRL）的诱变性。三种调味品均以模拟实际烹煮的方式提取，其浓度为（250mg/ml)。经用Kastenbaum-Bowman方法对所有测试数据进行统计分析，结果表明为MMS阳性对照组与所有测试组比较时，其SLRI的诱变率均远远超过正常对照组（CK）的二倍，差异显著。根据资料，Oregon K品系的SLR自发突变率多年来都稳定在0．4％。而所有测试组包括阴性对照组的SLRL诱变率均示超过此界限，因此可以认为这三种调味品均不具有SLRL诱变性。     

中药海桐皮的生药鉴别

报道市售中药海桐皮来源于6种不同植物:豆科植物刺桐Erythrina variegata L.var.orientalis(L.)Merr.,芸香科植物樗叶花椒Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb.et Zucc.,朵椒Z.molle Rehd.,凹头花椒Z.kemsleyanum Makino.,五加科植物刺楸Kalopanax septemlobus(Thunb.)Koidz.和木棉科植物木棉Gossampinus malabarica(DC.)Merr.。对6种树皮的生药性状、组织构造和粉末特征进行了比较鉴定。     

Effects of extracts of Zanthoxylum fruit and their constituents on spontaneous beating rate of myocardial cell sheets in culture

In the course of our studies on naturally occurring cardioactive agents, we investigated the effects of water and methanol extracts of a Chinese crude drug “Huajiao” the dried fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, on the spontaneous beating rate (BR) of embryonic mouse myocardial cell sheets in culture. Both extracts significantly increased the BR. Through bioassay directed fractionation of the extracts, hydroxy-β-sanshool (1b), xanthoxylin (2) and two quercetin glycosides, hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), were found to increase the BR in a standard medium (2.1 mM Ca²⁺). In a low Ca²⁺ medium (0.5 mM Ca²⁺), these compounds suppressed the decrease of BR, which was induced by low Ca²⁺. Of 16 flavonoids related in structure with hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, myricetin and myricitrin also increased the BR in the standard medium, while kaempferol and luteorin decreased the BR in the standard medium. When compared with control, hydroxy-β-sanshool (1b) and xanthoxylin (2) stimulated 13–15 fold calcium uptake of the cultured myocardial cells, which might have caused the positive chronotropic effect. Hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6) did not affect calcium uptake of the myocardial cells, Na⁺–K⁺ ATPase activity or Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

浙产竹叶椒叶挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

目的分析浙产竹叶椒叶的挥发性化学成分。方法用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）法测试,Nist谱库自动检索。结果通过计算机自动检索,从竹叶椒叶中共分离鉴定出64个组分,并用面积归一化法计算出各组分的相对百分含量,其主要成分为桉叶油醇（Eucalyptol）37.9643%,α-松油醇（3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol,α,,α4-trimethyl-,（S）-）17.6166%,（-）-4-萜品醇（3-Cyclohexen-1-ol,4-methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）-,（R）-）5.1632%,4-甲基-1-（1-甲基乙基）二环〔3.1.0〕己-2-烯（Bicyclo〔3.1.0〕hex-2-ene,4-methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）-）5.1401%。结论为进一步开发和利用浙产竹叶椒提供依据。     

Antifungal efficacy of ten selected South African plant species against Cryptococcus neoformans

Fungal infections are a major threat to public health care. Cryptococcosis in humans and animals, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, is a life-threatening disease. In a random antifungal screening of acetone leaf extracts of 400 tree species against Cryptococcus neoformans, the following plant species had good activity: Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv. (Rutaceae), Morusmesozygia Stapf (Moraceae), Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb. (Rutaceae), Catha transvaalensis Codd (Celastraceae), Cussonia zuluensis Strey (Araliaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae), Croton sylvaticus Hochst. ex C. Krauss (Euphorbiaceae), Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock (Celastraceae), Celtis africana Burm.f. (Ulmaceae), and Cassine aethiopica Thunb. (Celastraceae). Hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol extracts of these 10 plants were tested against Cryptococcus neoformans using bioautography and microdilution assays. Acetone extracted the highest quantity of plant material. Dichloromethane and hexane extracts of Maytenus undata showed clear bands in bioautography while the other species did not produce good results in bioautography. Maytenus undata extracts had promising antifungal activity against C. neoformans, with average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.09?mg/mL after 24?h and 0.18?mg/mL after 48?h incubation. Croton sylvaticus and Catha transvaalensis extracts also had good activity, with average MIC values of 0.07?mg/mL and 0.09?mg/mL, respectively. Because of the clear bands on bioautograms and low MIC values compared to the other plant species investigated, M. undata was identified as a good candidate for further studies.     

Four new alkylamides from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum

Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum led to the isolation of four new unsaturated alkylamides, zanthoxylumamides A–D. Their structures were established via the detailed spectroscopic analyses.     

Phytochemical profiles and biological activity evaluation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seed against asthma in murine models

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seed (ZBMS) has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an ingredient of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of inflammation and asthma. The aim of this study was to analyze the major composition and to evaluate the anti-asthma activity of ZBMS.

Materials and methods

Some murine models including acetylcholine/histamine-induced asthma, ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, ear edema and toe swelling measurement, citric acid-induced cough, and anti-stress abilities were investigated to fully study the anti-asthma activity of ZBMS.GC chromatography was also performed to analyze the major fatty acid composition of ZBMS.

Results

The results demonstrated that the major fatty acid composition of ZBMS includes oleic acid (20.15%), linoleic acid (26.54%), and α-linolenic acid (30.57%), which was the leading component of ZBMS, and that the total fatty acid content of ZBMS was 77.27%. The murine models demonstrated that ZBMS displays a protective effect on guinea pig sensitization, a dose-dependent inhibition of the increases in R_L and decreases in C_dyn, which resulted in the relief of auricle edema and toe swelling in mice and anti-stress activity.

Conclusion

Our results validate the traditional use of ZBMS for the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory joint disorders, and suggest that ZBMS has potential as a new therapeutic agent for asthma management.     

花椒果实不同部位及其种子油资源性化学成分分析与评价

该研究对花椒成熟果实不同部位及其种子油中的多类型资源性化学成分进行分析评价,为其资源的精细化利用提供科学依据。采用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析花椒果皮、花椒种子及种子油中的挥发油类、脂肪酸类化学成分的组成及含量;采用高效液相色谱法分析花椒果皮、花椒种子及种子油中的黄酮类及酚酸类化学成分的组成及含量。结果显示,花椒果皮、花椒种子及花椒种子油中分别检测到26,19,11种挥发性成分,其中萜类及其含氧衍生物为其主要组成成分,芳樟醇及其酯化物在花椒果皮中相对含量较为丰富;3样品中总脂肪酸的质量分数分别为108.42,331.63,966.04 mg·g-1,并且均以油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量相对较高;花椒果皮中还含有较为丰富的黄酮类化学成分金丝桃苷、槲皮苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷及酚酸类成分绿原酸等,而在花椒种子及种子油中未检测到上述成分。该研究结果证实花椒果实中含有丰富的资源性化学成分,且不同部位中所含成分的组成和含量有所差异,为花椒果实的系统利用与精细化产业开发提供了科学依据。     

The effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim extract on crow's feet: A double‐blind,split‐face trial

As one of the most obvious signs of aging, wrinkles have long been the concern of many people and continue to be a major topic in dermal‐cosmetic industry. Accordingly, there is a need to develop products with good efficacy and safety profile. The Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim (ZBM) extract is a natural food which may possess the property of a toxin‐like botulinum. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a formulation that contains 2% ZBM pericarp extract in the treatment of wrinkles. Twenty females aged 35–60 years old were enrolled in this randomized, vehicle‐controlled, double‐blind, and split‐face trial. The trial lasted for 30 days, when participants randomly used formulations containing 2% ZBM extract on one side of the temporal canthus and vehicle formulation on the other side. Skin roughness, skin hydration, and skin elasticity were evaluated by Primospico, Corneometer® CM825, and Cutometer® MPA580, respectively. The formulation containing 2% ZBM extract has a significant short‐term anti‐crow's feet effect compared with vehicle. No adverse effect was shown during the study. Topical application of 2% ZBM extract is tolerable and can be used as an effective cosmetic agent for short‐term wrinkle treatment.