两面针中木脂素化合物结晶-8对伤害性疼痛大鼠c-fos基因表达的影响

摘要目的研究两面针中木脂素化合物结晶8（简称结晶8）对甲醛所致伤害性疼痛大鼠的即早基因（c fos）表达的影响。方法SD雌性大鼠34只,随机分为5组：0.9%氯化钠溶液组、模型组、阳性对照组（罗通定注射液2 mg·kg－1）、结晶 8高剂量（2 mg·kg－1）组各7只,结晶 8低剂量（1 mg·kg－1）组6只。采用免疫组化染色观察疼痛大鼠c fos基因的表达情况。结果模型组大鼠脑干、下丘脑及脊髓视野中Fos阳性颗粒分别为（20.33±2.63）,（19.28±2.42）,（18.36±5.11）颗;结晶 8高剂量组分别为（10.76±3.66）,（12.49±2.80）,（6.87±2.10）颗。结论结晶 8的镇痛机制可能与抑制中枢FOS蛋白的表达有关。     

二氧化碳超临界流体萃取两面针根挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

目的分析两面针根挥发油的化学成分,为两面针药材的综合开发应用提供科学实验依据。方法采用二氧化碳超临界流体萃取两面针根挥发油成分,用气相色谱毛细管柱进行分离,质谱检测,归一化法测定其相对含量。结果检出34个成分,鉴定了23个化合物,占挥发油总量的95.12%。两面针根的挥发油主要化学成分为萜类,其中荜澄茄烯醇相对含量高达49.96%,其次是亚麻油酸和亚油酸,含量分别为14.34%和10.16%。结论所用方法所得结果与文献报道的差异较大,可能与产地、采收期、提取方法等因素有关。     

ICP-AES测定广西10个产地两面针药材14种微量元素的含量

目的应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对广西10个不同产地两面针药材中14种微量元素进行分析测定。方法通过硝酸-高氯酸消解体系,有效地彻底消解样品中的有机物,在确定的光谱条件下,测定14种微量元素的含量。结果各元素加样回收率(n=6)为90.01%~104.14%,精密度均<3%。结论 10个不同产地两面针药材中14种微量元素含量有别,此结果为研究两面针药材微量元素和药效相关性提供实验依据。     

GC-MS联用法分析花椒油化学成分

目的:分析花椒油的化学成分。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析市售花椒油的化学成分,以峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果:从花椒油中分离鉴定出28种化学成分,含量占总花椒油含量的95.48%。结论:花椒油的主要化学成分为不饱和脂肪酸和单萜类。     

三种调味品的果蝇伴性隐性致死试验

桂皮、茴香和花椒是人们普遍喜爱的调味品。为了对它们的安全性作出精确的评价，我们用黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster)的野生型原种Oregon K品系和Basc(Muller-5)品系作为材料，从其F2检查了阴性对照、阳性对照和三种调味品对它们生殖细胞三个发育阶段（成熟精子、精细胞和精母细胞）的伴性隐性致死（SLRL）的诱变性。三种调味品均以模拟实际烹煮的方式提取，其浓度为（250mg/ml)。经用Kastenbaum-Bowman方法对所有测试数据进行统计分析，结果表明为MMS阳性对照组与所有测试组比较时，其SLRI的诱变率均远远超过正常对照组（CK）的二倍，差异显著。根据资料，Oregon K品系的SLR自发突变率多年来都稳定在0．4％。而所有测试组包括阴性对照组的SLRL诱变率均示超过此界限，因此可以认为这三种调味品均不具有SLRL诱变性。     

中药海桐皮的生药鉴别

报道市售中药海桐皮来源于6种不同植物:豆科植物刺桐Erythrina variegata L.var.orientalis(L.)Merr.,芸香科植物樗叶花椒Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb.et Zucc.,朵椒Z.molle Rehd.,凹头花椒Z.kemsleyanum Makino.,五加科植物刺楸Kalopanax septemlobus(Thunb.)Koidz.和木棉科植物木棉Gossampinus malabarica(DC.)Merr.。对6种树皮的生药性状、组织构造和粉末特征进行了比较鉴定。     

Effects of extracts of Zanthoxylum fruit and their constituents on spontaneous beating rate of myocardial cell sheets in culture

In the course of our studies on naturally occurring cardioactive agents, we investigated the effects of water and methanol extracts of a Chinese crude drug “Huajiao” the dried fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, on the spontaneous beating rate (BR) of embryonic mouse myocardial cell sheets in culture. Both extracts significantly increased the BR. Through bioassay directed fractionation of the extracts, hydroxy-β-sanshool (1b), xanthoxylin (2) and two quercetin glycosides, hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), were found to increase the BR in a standard medium (2.1 mM Ca²⁺). In a low Ca²⁺ medium (0.5 mM Ca²⁺), these compounds suppressed the decrease of BR, which was induced by low Ca²⁺. Of 16 flavonoids related in structure with hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, myricetin and myricitrin also increased the BR in the standard medium, while kaempferol and luteorin decreased the BR in the standard medium. When compared with control, hydroxy-β-sanshool (1b) and xanthoxylin (2) stimulated 13–15 fold calcium uptake of the cultured myocardial cells, which might have caused the positive chronotropic effect. Hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6) did not affect calcium uptake of the myocardial cells, Na⁺–K⁺ ATPase activity or Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

浙产竹叶椒叶挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

目的分析浙产竹叶椒叶的挥发性化学成分。方法用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）法测试,Nist谱库自动检索。结果通过计算机自动检索,从竹叶椒叶中共分离鉴定出64个组分,并用面积归一化法计算出各组分的相对百分含量,其主要成分为桉叶油醇（Eucalyptol）37.9643%,α-松油醇（3-Cyclohexene-1-methanol,α,,α4-trimethyl-,（S）-）17.6166%,（-）-4-萜品醇（3-Cyclohexen-1-ol,4-methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）-,（R）-）5.1632%,4-甲基-1-（1-甲基乙基）二环〔3.1.0〕己-2-烯（Bicyclo〔3.1.0〕hex-2-ene,4-methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）-）5.1401%。结论为进一步开发和利用浙产竹叶椒提供依据。     

Antifungal efficacy of ten selected South African plant species against Cryptococcus neoformans

Fungal infections are a major threat to public health care. Cryptococcosis in humans and animals, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, is a life-threatening disease. In a random antifungal screening of acetone leaf extracts of 400 tree species against Cryptococcus neoformans, the following plant species had good activity: Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv. (Rutaceae), Morusmesozygia Stapf (Moraceae), Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb. (Rutaceae), Catha transvaalensis Codd (Celastraceae), Cussonia zuluensis Strey (Araliaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae), Croton sylvaticus Hochst. ex C. Krauss (Euphorbiaceae), Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock (Celastraceae), Celtis africana Burm.f. (Ulmaceae), and Cassine aethiopica Thunb. (Celastraceae). Hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol extracts of these 10 plants were tested against Cryptococcus neoformans using bioautography and microdilution assays. Acetone extracted the highest quantity of plant material. Dichloromethane and hexane extracts of Maytenus undata showed clear bands in bioautography while the other species did not produce good results in bioautography. Maytenus undata extracts had promising antifungal activity against C. neoformans, with average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.09?mg/mL after 24?h and 0.18?mg/mL after 48?h incubation. Croton sylvaticus and Catha transvaalensis extracts also had good activity, with average MIC values of 0.07?mg/mL and 0.09?mg/mL, respectively. Because of the clear bands on bioautograms and low MIC values compared to the other plant species investigated, M. undata was identified as a good candidate for further studies.     

Four new alkylamides from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum

Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum led to the isolation of four new unsaturated alkylamides, zanthoxylumamides A–D. Their structures were established via the detailed spectroscopic analyses.