HPLC测定芎芷香苏散流浸膏中橙皮甙的含量

本文用ＨＰＬＣ测定芎芷香苏散流浸膏中橙皮甙的含量，以甲醇－冰醋酸水溶液为流动相，ＵＶ－２８０ｎｍ，在２５－２００μｇ＝ｍｌ范围内线性关系良好，ｒ＝０．９９９９，提取和测定方法简便，回收率高。     

The physicochemical characteristics and bioavailability of indomethacin from beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes

In an effort to improve the bioavailability of the insoluble drug indomethacin, three complexes were prepared with indomethacin and the soluble complexing agents β-, hydroxyethyl-β-, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The indomethacin content was similar among the complexes (P≤0.05). To confirm complex formation, each complex was characterized by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear-magnetic resonance, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential-scanning calorimetry techniques. Powder diffraction studies show the β-cyclodextrin complex was polycrystalline, and the hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes were amorphous. Phase-solubility analysis confirmed the formation of complexes and suggested the three complexes were bound similarly. Solubility studies show complexation increased indomethacin solubility, and the hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes were more soluble than the β-cyclodextrin complex in 0.1N hydrochloric acid and distilled water. Dosage forms were prepared by encapsulating the complexes without the addition of excipients. Dissolution studies show the encapsulated β- and hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes had superior dissolution when compared to the hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Indocin^® (50 mg) capsules. Bioavailability studies were performed by administering the indomethacin complex or Indocin capsules to male-albino, New Zealand rabbits. Indomethacin plasma-time concentration data fit best to a compartment-independent model for all capsule formulations. Bioavailability comparisons by ANOVA show no significant difference (P≤0.10) in the peak-plasma time and peak concentration among the capsule formulations. The area-under-the-curve for the β-cyclodextrin complex capsules was found to be significantly higher (P≤0.10) than all other capsule formulations. In conclusion, the bioavailabilty of indomethacin was improved by complexation with only β-cyclodextrin. No correlations were found among the bioavailability, solubility, and dissolution results.     

Air classifier technology (ACT) in dry powder inhalation. Part 1. Introduction of a novel force distribution concept (FDC) explaining the performance of a basic air classifier on adhesive mixtures

Air classifier technology (ACT) is introduced as part of formulation integrated dry powder inhaler development (FIDPI) to optimise the de-agglomeration of inhalation powders. Carrier retention and de-agglomeration results obtained with a basic classifier concept are discussed. The theoretical cut-off diameter for lactose of the classifier used, is between 35 and 15 μm for flow rates ranging from 20 to 70 l/min. Carrier retention of narrow size fractions is higher than 80% for flow rates between 30 and 60 l/min, inhalation times up to 6 s and classifier payloads between 0 and 30 mg. The de-agglomeration efficiency for adhesive mixtures, derived from carrier residue (CR) measurement, increases both with increasing flow rate and inhalation time. At 30 l/min, 60% fine particle detachment can be obtained within 3 s circulation time, whereas at 60 l/min only 0.5 s is necessary to release more than 70%. More detailed information of the change of detachment rate within the first 0.5 s of inhalation is obtained from laser diffraction analysis (LDA) of the aerosol cloud. The experimental results can be explained with a novel force distribution concept (FDC) which is introduced to better understand the complex effects of mixing and inhalation parameters on the size distributions of adhesion and removal forces and their relevance to the de-agglomeration in the classifier.     

七味白术散对人轮状病毒感染乳鼠胸腺细胞的程序性死亡和IL-2、IL-2R表达的影响

观察七味白术散对人轮状病毒（HRV）感染乳鼠胸腺细胞的程序性死亡和IL－2、IL－2R表达的影响。NIH乳鼠经口感染HRV建立感染模型,采用DNA凝胶电泳、细胞形态学、ELISA方法观察处理对HRV感染乳鼠胸腺细胞凋亡以及IL－2、IL－2R表达的影响。七味白术散100g/L可明显抑制乳鼠胸腺细胞,药物干预10h未出现明显的细胞凋亡梯带,处理各组胸腺细胞24h均可见典型凋亡形态和DNA梯状带,而新鲜的胸腺细胞则无。七味白术散治疗组乳鼠血清中IL－2、IL－2R表达上调。七味白术散能延缓HRV感染乳鼠胸腺细胞凋亡,促进IL－2、IL－2R的表达,显示出七味白术散一种新的免疫调节效应。     

当归芍药散抑制小鼠离体子宫收缩效应与效应物质分析评价

目的：探讨当归芍药散水提取物和50％乙醇提取物对小鼠离体子宫收缩效应及效应物质的异同。方法：采用小鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩模型评价两种提取物的效应差异；采用HPLC-TOF／MS及对照品对照，分析了不同提取方法样品中化学成分组成的异同。结果：水提物对小鼠离体子宫收缩频率、收缩幅度和平均肌张力抑制效应均不及50％乙醇提取物；水提物中化学信号不及50％乙醇提物中化学信号丰富；从水提取物和50％乙醇提取物中分析鉴定了14个化舍物。结论：当归芍药散不同溶剂提取物在小鼠离体子宫收缩效应和化学成分上存在较大差异，为当归芍药散的制备方式和效应物质基础的阐明提供了依据。     

升降散对急性肺损伤大鼠肺细支气管粘膜上皮细胞ICAM-1表达的影响

目的:探讨升降散对急性肺损伤模型大鼠细气管粘膜上皮ICAM-1表达的影响。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、升降散大剂量组、中剂量组及小剂量组。给药6天后,舌下静脉注射LPS复制急性肺损伤模型,取肺组织切片,免疫组化检测。采集图像,分析细支气管粘膜上皮细胞胞质的平均灰度。结果:药物治疗组与模型组比较,能明显抑制肺细气管粘膜上皮细胞胞质ICAM-1的表达,有显著性差异。结论:升降散可通过抑制肺细气管粘膜上皮细胞胞质ICAM-1的表达,抑制炎症反应对肺组织造成的急性损伤,对急性肺损伤起到防治作用。     

鸡肠狼毒的生药鉴定

报道鸡肠狼毒(Euphorbia prolifera)的生药性状、根横切面组织构造和粉末特征、薄层色谱鉴别研究结果。文中附有生药组织构造图、粉末特征图及薄层色谱图。     

桑螵蛸散加味治疗小儿遗尿症50例

目的:观察桑螵蛸散加味治疗小儿遗尿症的临床疗效。方法:50例遗尿症患儿均采用桑螵蛸散加味治疗,并停止服用其他中西药物,1月为1个疗程,1个疗程后统计疗效。结果:痊愈46例(占92%),显效3例(占6%),无效1例(占2%),总有效率为98%。结论:桑螵蛸散加味治疗小儿遗尿症疗效显著。     

Detection of dopamine in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid by using the powder microelectrode technique

The powder microelectrode technique is employed in the detection of ultra-low concentrations of dopamine (DA), which can be adsorbed and thus preconcentrated on the inner surface of a carbon black packed powder microelectrode. The apparent reversibility and kinetics of the oxidation of DA were found to improve significantly, and separation of the oxidation current peaks of DA and ascorbic acid (AA) reaches about 300 mV. In the presence of 0.6 mM AA in solution, the oxidation current peak due to 20 nmol of DA remains clearly evident. After correction of the background current of AA, the height of the oxidation current peak of DA oxidation is proportional to the concentration of DA in solution, and is not affected by the presence of large excess of AA. The low limit of DA detection is ca. 20 nM in acidic solution, and less than 1 μM in neutral solution. Detection of DA in concentrations as low as 5 nM can be achieved after prolonged immersion of powder microelectrode in solution.