升降散对急性肺损伤大鼠肺细支气管粘膜上皮细胞ICAM-1表达的影响

目的:探讨升降散对急性肺损伤模型大鼠细气管粘膜上皮ICAM-1表达的影响。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、升降散大剂量组、中剂量组及小剂量组。给药6天后,舌下静脉注射LPS复制急性肺损伤模型,取肺组织切片,免疫组化检测。采集图像,分析细支气管粘膜上皮细胞胞质的平均灰度。结果:药物治疗组与模型组比较,能明显抑制肺细气管粘膜上皮细胞胞质ICAM-1的表达,有显著性差异。结论:升降散可通过抑制肺细气管粘膜上皮细胞胞质ICAM-1的表达,抑制炎症反应对肺组织造成的急性损伤,对急性肺损伤起到防治作用。     

鸡肠狼毒的生药鉴定

报道鸡肠狼毒(Euphorbia prolifera)的生药性状、根横切面组织构造和粉末特征、薄层色谱鉴别研究结果。文中附有生药组织构造图、粉末特征图及薄层色谱图。     

桑螵蛸散加味治疗小儿遗尿症50例

目的:观察桑螵蛸散加味治疗小儿遗尿症的临床疗效。方法:50例遗尿症患儿均采用桑螵蛸散加味治疗,并停止服用其他中西药物,1月为1个疗程,1个疗程后统计疗效。结果:痊愈46例(占92%),显效3例(占6%),无效1例(占2%),总有效率为98%。结论:桑螵蛸散加味治疗小儿遗尿症疗效显著。     

Detection of dopamine in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid by using the powder microelectrode technique

The powder microelectrode technique is employed in the detection of ultra-low concentrations of dopamine (DA), which can be adsorbed and thus preconcentrated on the inner surface of a carbon black packed powder microelectrode. The apparent reversibility and kinetics of the oxidation of DA were found to improve significantly, and separation of the oxidation current peaks of DA and ascorbic acid (AA) reaches about 300 mV. In the presence of 0.6 mM AA in solution, the oxidation current peak due to 20 nmol of DA remains clearly evident. After correction of the background current of AA, the height of the oxidation current peak of DA oxidation is proportional to the concentration of DA in solution, and is not affected by the presence of large excess of AA. The low limit of DA detection is ca. 20 nM in acidic solution, and less than 1 μM in neutral solution. Detection of DA in concentrations as low as 5 nM can be achieved after prolonged immersion of powder microelectrode in solution.     

Real-time Acoustic Elastic Property Monitoring of Compacts During Compaction

A nondestructive, real-time acoustic technique for determining elastic properties of compacts during compaction is presented. An acoustic time-of-flight study was conducted, and the extraction of the linear elastic properties of calcium carbonate compacts was demonstrated. To verify the results of the acoustic experiments, a uniaxial compaction investigation was also carried out using a computer-controlled press with an instrumented die. Good agreement between linear elastic properties determined using both acoustic experiments and compaction force-displacement data was observed. This technique has the potential to be used as a real-time compaction monitoring tool.     

Does a powder surface contain all necessary information for particle size distribution analysis?

The aim of this study was to utilise a new approach where digital image information is used in the characterisation of particle size distributions of a large set of pharmaceutical powders. A novel optical set-up was employed to create images and calculate a stereometric parameter from the digital images of powder surfaces. Analysis was made of 40 granule batches with varying particle sizes and compositions prepared with fluidised bed granulation. The extracted digital image information was then connected to particle size using multivariate modelling. The modelled particle size distributions were compared to particle size determinations with sieve analysis and laser diffraction. The results revealed that the created models corresponded well with the particle size distributions measured with sieve analysis and laser diffraction. This study shows that digital images taken from powder surfaces contain all necessary data that is needed for particle size distribution analysis. To obtain this information from images careful consideration has to be given on the imaging conditions. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the new approach is a powerful means of analysis in particle size determination. The method is fast, the sample size needed is very small and the technique enables non-destructive analysis of samples. The method is suitable in the particle size range of approximately 20–1500 μm. However, further investigations with a broad range of powders have to be made to obtain information of the possibilities and limitations of the introduced method in powder characterisation.     

Spray-dried powders of starch and crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) as carriers for nasal delivery of inactivated influenza vaccine

Mucosal vaccination has several advantages over parenteral vaccination. In this study, viscosity-enhancing mucosal delivery systems for the induction of an adaptive immune response against viral antigen were investigated. Powder formulations based on spray-dried mixtures of starch (Amioca^®)/poly(acrylic acid) (Carbopol^® 974P) in different ratios were used as carriers of the viral antigen. A comparison of these formulations for intranasal delivery of heat-inactivated influenza virus combined with LTR192G adjuvant was made in vivo in a rabbit model. Individual rabbit sera were tested for seroconversion against hemagglutinin (HA), the major surface antigen of influenza. The powder vaccine formulations were able to induce systemic anti-HA IgG responses. The presence of Carbopol^® 974P improved the kinetics of the immune responses and the level of IgG titers in a dose-dependent way which was correlated with moderately irritating capacities of the formulation. In contrast, mucosal IgA responses were not detected. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the use of bioadhesive carriers based on Amioca^® starch and poly(acrylic acid) facilitates the induction of a systemic anti-HA antibody response after intranasal vaccination with a whole virus influenza vaccine.     

温通散熏洗与外敷治疗类风湿关节炎的效果比较

目的比较温通散熏洗与外敷治疗类风湿关节炎局部症状的疗效。方法观察组用温通散熏洗联合用药,对照组用温通散外敷联合用药。结果观察组治疗类风湿关节炎局部症状的总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为86.7%。结论温通散熏洗联合用药治疗类风湿关节炎具有温经通络,消肿止痛,活血化瘀,驱风胜湿,减轻局部症状等作用,且护理操作简便易于观察。     

双柏散外敷加红外线照射治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨双柏散外敷加红外线照射治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效。方法 随机将患有慢性盆腔炎的62例病人分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组31例采用双柏散外敷下腹双附件区加红外线照射，对照组31例采用红外线照射双附件区。结果 两组的显效率、总有效率分别为：治疗组80．65％和93．55％；对照组9．68％和61．29％，经X^2检验，P均〈0．05，表明两组病人的显效率和总有效率均有显著性差异。结论 双柏散外敷加红外线照射治疗慢性盆腔炎明显优于红外线照射治疗慢性盆腔炎。     

黄文政教授应用乌贝散治疗慢性胃病验案两则

乌贝散载录于《中华人民共和国药典》,由乌贼骨、浙贝母组成。乌贼骨咸涩微温,入肝、肾经,具有收敛止血,涩精止带的功效。现代研究认为乌贼骨可抑制胃酸分泌,防止胃黏膜受到过多的刺激,从而起到止痛之效。黄文政教授认为乌贼骨、浙贝母配伍,意义在于单独使用乌贼骨虽然能很好达到收敛止酸的目的,但容易造成便秘,而伍用浙贝母,利用其苦寒,入心、肺经,开泄力强,具有清热化痰,散结止痛的功效,能很好的缓解这一弊端。