苦参总碱抗柯萨奇B病毒作用机理的研究

在证实苦参具有抗柯萨奇Ｂ病毒（ＣＶＢ）作用的实验基础上，作者以纯化ＣＶＢ３作为病毒蛋白质对照，通过空斑测定及病毒蛋白质Ｌ－３５Ｓ－甲硫氨酸标记等方法，了解到纯化苦参总碱抗ＣＶＢ的作用机理是不影响病毒吸附、穿入，但它能进入细胞内影响病毒的生物合成，主要表现为抑制病毒蛋白质的合成。     

正交试验设计优选九节龙皂苷I聚乳酸微球的制备工艺

目的 筛选溶剂蒸发法制备九节龙皂苷I聚乳酸微球（ADS-I-PLA-MS）最佳工艺。方法 采用HPLC-ELSD测定方法,以包封率和载药量为评价指标,W/O/W溶剂蒸发法制备微球;通过单因素和正交试验设计,考察内水相九节龙皂苷I（ADS-I）甲醇溶液的质量浓度、ADS-I甲醇溶液与聚乳酸（PLA）二氯甲烷溶液体积比、PLA二氯甲烷溶液质量浓度和聚乙烯醇（PVA）体积等因素对ADS-I-PLA-MS包封率及载药量的影响。结果 溶剂蒸发法制备ADS-I-PLA-MS的最佳工艺条件为ADS-I甲醇溶液质量浓度为8 mg/mL、ADS-I甲醇溶液与PLA二氯甲烷溶液体积比为1∶13、PLA二氯甲烷溶液质量浓度为90 mg/mL、PVA体积为500 mL。结论 优选出的ADS-I-PLA-MS制备工艺合理可行。     

延胡索总生物碱的急性毒性及其镇痛作用研究

[目的]对延胡索总生物碱的小鼠急性毒性及镇痛作用进行评价。[方法]采用ICR小鼠单次给药毒性试验,观察延胡索总生物碱对小鼠的急性毒性反应和致死性,以Bliss法测定延胡索总生物碱对小鼠的半数致死量(median lethal dose,LD50)。采用醋酸扭体法考察延胡索总生物碱对外周的镇痛作用,ICR小鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分成8组,分别为空白对照组、阳性对照组、延胡索乙素组、更高剂量组、高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、更低剂量组,各组小鼠灌胃给药后1h,经腹腔注射0.6%冰醋酸0.2mL·20g-1,记录15min内小鼠的扭体次数,计算扭体次数抑制率;采用热板致痛试验考察延胡索总生物碱对中枢的镇痛作用,将筛选出的合格KM雌性小鼠80只随机分成8组,分组同上,各组于给药前重复测量痛阈3次,取平均值作为该小鼠给药前痛阈值,给药后30、90、180min各测定1次痛阈值。[结果]延胡索总生物碱灌胃给药对小鼠的LD50值为473.36mg·kg-1,95%置信区间为422.34～532.58mg·kg-1。与空白对照组比较,延胡索总生物碱各剂量组对小鼠扭体均具有显著的抑制作用,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);除更低剂量组外,延胡索总生物碱各剂量组镇痛作用均优于延胡索乙素(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);除更低剂量组外,延胡索总生物碱各剂量组均能明显延长热板所致小鼠的痛阈值(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),各组痛阈值随浓度的增加呈上升趋势,且给药剂量达到120mg·kg-1后,痛阈值基本不再随浓度变化而变化。[结论]延胡索总生物碱具有明显的镇痛作用,在一定剂量范围内可安全使用。     

正交试验法优选川芎总生物碱的提取工艺

目的:优选川芎总生物碱的提取工艺。方法:采用回流提取,以酸性染料比色法测定的川芎总生物碱含量为指标,考察料液比、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间对提取工艺的影响,通过正交试验L9(34)确定最佳提取工艺。结果:影响川芎总生物碱提取率的主次因素为:乙醇浓度料液比提取温度提取时间;川芎总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为:15倍量80%乙醇,100℃提取2.5 h。3次工艺验证试验中川芎总生物碱平均含量为2.745 mg/g(RSD=1.66%,n=3)。结论:本实验首次采用正交试验对川芎总生物碱的提取工艺进行优化,建立的提取工艺简便可行、稳定可靠。     

Real-time toxicity prediction of Aconitum stewing system using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Due to numerous obstacles such as complex matrices, real-time monitoring of complex reaction systems (e.g., medicinal herb stewing system) has always been a challenge though great values for safe and rational use of drugs. Herein, facilitated by the potential ability on the tolerance of complex matrices of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, a device was established to realize continuous sampling and real-time quantitative analysis of herb stewing system for the first time. A complete analytical strategy, including data acquisition, data mining, and data evaluation was proposed and implemented with overcoming the usual difficulties in real-time mass spectrometry quantification. The complex Fuzi (the lateral root of Aconitum)–meat stewing systems were real-timely monitored in 150 min by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the nine key alkaloids accurately. The results showed that the strategy worked perfectly and the toxicity of the systems were evaluated and predicated accordingly. Stewing with trotters effectively accelerated the detoxification of Fuzi soup and reduced the overall toxicity to 68%, which was recommended to be used practically for treating rheumatic arthritis and enhancing immunity. The established strategy was versatile, simple, and accurate, which would have a wide application prospect in real-time analysis and evaluation of various complex reaction systems.     

Pinellia Total Alkaloids Modulate the GABAergic System in Hippocampal Formation on Pilocarpine-Induced Epileptic Rats

Objective: To investigate the neuromodulatory effect of pinellia total alkaloids(PTA) on the gamma-aminobutyric acidergic(GABAergic) system in epileptic rats, and preliminarily evaluate the anti-epileptic effect of PTA. Methods: Ninety-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to a control group(n=17) or an epileptic group(n=74) using computer-generated random numbers. Status epilepticus(SE) was induced with pilocarpine in the epileptic group. Epileptic rats that survived SE were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely an epilepsy group(n=13), a topiramate(TPM, 60 mg/kg) group(n=12), a high-dose PTA(800 mg/kg) group(n=12), and a low-dose PTA(400 mg/kg) group(n=10). Treatments were given intragastrically once daily for 14 days. The control group and epilepsy group received normal saline. Spontaneous recurrent seizures(SRSs) were monitored 8-h daily for 7 days after treatment. Then, the hippocampal formation tissues were collected. GABA level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein and mRNA expression levels of glutamate decarboxylase 65(GAD65), GABA transporter-1(GAT-1), GABA transaminase(GABA-T), and GABAA receptor(GABAAR) α4, α5, γ2 and δ subunits were measured using Western-blotting analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: PTA lowered the incidence and frequency of SRS(both doses vs. the TPM group, P0.05). Compared with the epilepsy group, PTA increased the levels of GABA(both doses P0.01) and GAD65(mRNA, 800 mg/kg, P0.01), and suppressed the levels of GAT-1(mRNA, 800 mg/kg, P0.01; 400 mg/kg, P0.05), GABA-T(mRNA, both doses P0.01), and GABAAR δ subunit(protein, 800 mg/kg, P0.05) and γ2 subunit(protein, both doses P0.01). PTA upregulated the low-expressed mRNA levels of GABAAR α5 subunit(400 mg/kg, P0.01), δ subunit(800 mg/kg, P0.05), and γ2 subunit(400 mg/kg, P0.05). Conclusions: PTA regulated the GABAergic system through modulating GABA levels and the expression levels of GAD65, GAT-1, GABA-T, and GABAAR α4, α5, γ2 and δ subunits. PTA may exert antiepileptic effects on the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model.     

高效液相色谱法测定夏天无胶囊中原阿片碱、盐酸巴马汀和比枯枯灵碱的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定夏天无胶囊中原阿片碱、盐酸巴马汀、比枯枯灵碱的含量。方法 Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,4.6μm),流动相A为乙腈,流动相B为醋酸(每100 mL 0.2%醋酸用1.5² mL三乙胺调pH=5.1),进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长282 nm,柱温:室温。结果原阿片碱、盐酸巴马汀和比枯枯灵碱分别在4.242 mL三乙胺调pH=5.1),进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长282 nm,柱温:室温。结果原阿片碱、盐酸巴马汀和比枯枯灵碱分别在4.24¹01.8、2.89101.8、2.89⁶9.31和0.4569.31和0.45¹0.84μg·mL-1与峰面积呈良好线性关系,低、中、高3个浓度平均加样回收率均>95%,RSD均<5%。结论该方法准确、快速、专属性强、灵敏度高,可用于夏天无胶囊中原阿片碱、盐酸巴马汀、比枯枯灵碱的含量测定。     

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodium japonicum

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids (1–3), together with 15 known alkaloids, were isolated from club moss Lycopodium japonicum. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compound 1 has an unusual β-oriented methyl group substituted at C-15 and an α-hydroxy cyclopentenone moiety. All new alkaloids were evaluated for the inhibition of T-type calcium channel.     

滇黄精炮制前后化学成分变化研究

目的 探究滇黄精Polygonatum kingianum传统炮制过程化学成分变化规律。方法 按照九蒸九晒法进行滇黄精炮制,应用分光光度法和HPLC测定炮制过程中总多糖、总皂苷、总多酚、总黄酮和游离氨基酸的含量。应用UPLC-MS/MS的广泛靶向代谢组学技术检测原料和炮制后的代谢产物。结果 随着炮制次数的增加,颜色逐渐加深,第3次蒸制后为深褐色,第4次至炮制结束缓慢转变为黑色。滇黄精原料具有麻味,第4蒸之后麻味消失,变为酸甜味。炮制过程中多糖和16种游离氨基酸含量降低,总皂苷、总黄酮和总多酚含量增加。广泛靶向代谢组学共检测到419个代谢物,氨基酸及其衍生物66个,脂质65个,酚酸类52个,黄酮类51个,有机酸42个,生物碱41个,核苷酸及其衍生物32个,甾体9个,木脂素和香豆素7个,异黄酮1个,萜类3个,其他类物质50个。结论 系统阐述了滇黄精九蒸九晒炮制过程中化学成分的变化,九蒸九晒对滇黄精中的化学成分影响较大,随着炮制时间的增加,氨基酸及其衍生物和生物碱类化合物的相对丰度降低,有机酸和酚酸类相对丰度增加等。该研究可为炮制滇黄精有效成分的筛选与质量评价提供参考,同时差异性成分的发现为研究滇黄精生熟饮片中差异性物质的分析提供新思路,对滇黄精的扩大开发利用有重要意义。     

Palmatine: A review of pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics

The aim of this review is to collect together the results of the numerous studies over the last two decades on the pharmacological properties of palmatine published in scientific databases like Scopus and PubMed, which are scattered across different publications. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from the class of protoberberines, is a yellow compound present in the extracts from different representatives of Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Menispermaceae. It has been extensively used in traditional medicine of Asia in the treatment of jaundice, liver‐related diseases, hypertension, inflammation, and dysentery. New findings describe its possible applications in the treatment of civilization diseases like central nervous system‐related problems. This review intends to let this alkaloid come out from the shade of a more frequently described alkaloid: berberine. The toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and biological activities of this protoberberine alkaloid will be developed in this work.