Immunogenicity and safety of an E. coli-produced bivalent human papillomavirus (type 16 and 18) vaccine: A randomized controlled phase 2 clinical trial

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the dosage, immunogenicity and safety profile of a novel human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine produced by E. coli.MethodsThis randomized, double-blinded, controlled phase 2 trial enrolled women aged 18–25 years in China. Totally 1600 eligible participants were randomized to receive 90 μg, 60 μg, or 30 μg of the recombinant HPV 16/18 bivalent vaccine or the control hepatitis B vaccine on a 0, 1 and 6 month schedule. The designated doses are the combined micrograms of HPV16 and 18 VLPs with dose ratio of 2:1. The immunogenicity of the vaccines was assessed by measuring anti-HPV 16 and 18 neutralizing antibodies and total IgG antibodies. Safety of the vaccine was assessed.ResultsAll but one of the seronegative participants who received 3 doses of the HPV vaccines seroconverted at month 7 for anti-HPV 16/18 neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies. For HPV 16, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the neutralizing antibodies were similar between the 60 μg (GMT = 10,548) and 90 μg (GMT = 12,505) HPV vaccine groups and were significantly higher than those in the 30 μg (GMT = 7596) group. For HPV 18, the GMTs of the neutralizing antibodies were similar among the 3 groups. The HPV vaccine was well tolerated. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were identified.ConclusionThe prokaryotic-expressed HPV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in women aged 18–25 years. The 60 μg dosage formulation was selected for further investigation for efficacy.Clinical trials registration: NCT01356823.     

夏芩颗粒降压作用机理研究

夏芩颗粒是金东明教授治疗高血压病肝火亢盛证的经验方,肝藏血,主疏泄,木气条达则血脉通畅,肝参与了心主血脉。肝气不舒,最易化火,肝火上炎,是导致血压升高的最常见情志因素。夏芩颗粒由夏枯草、黄芩、泽泻、牛膝、淫羊藿组方,既能清肝泻上炎之火、降肝经气血上逆,又能引火（血）下行利于祛邪,还能防苦寒伤正。各药均有不同程度的降压作用。     

在非水介质中用表面引发接枝聚合法制备接枝微粒PHEMA-SiO2及其对槲皮素的氢键吸附性能

首先,将偶联剂γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPMS)上的巯基(-SH)键合在微米级硅胶(SiO₂)微粒表面,得到了改性微粒MPMS-SiO₂。在非水溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,使溶液中的过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)与改性微粒MPMS-SiO₂表面的巯基构成表面引发体系(-SH/BPO),于非水介质中在硅胶微粒表面实现了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)的接枝聚合,成功制备出接枝微粒PHEMA-SiO₂,接枝度高达28 g/100 g。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对PHEMA-SiO₂进行了表征,研究了主要因素对HEMA表面引发接枝聚合的影响规律。在此基础上探索研究了PHEMA-SiO₂对槲皮素(Quercetin)的氢键吸附作用。研究结果表明:-SH/BPO引发体系可以顺利地引发HEMA在非水介质中的接枝聚合,适宜的温度为65℃,适宜的BPO用量为单体质量的1.0%。PHEMA-SiO₂与槲皮素分子之间会产生多位点普通氢键与π型氢键两种氢键相互作用,使PHEMA-SiO₂对槲皮素具有强吸附能力。溶剂分子对槲皮素的竞争吸附以及温度的升高均可使槲皮素在极性溶剂或质子性溶剂中吸附容量下降。     

重组成骨蛋白-1在钛合金微粒环境下对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化的影响

目的在钛-6铝-4钒(Ti-6Al-4V)合金微粒环境下观察重组成骨蛋白-1(recombinant OP-1,r OP-1)对成骨细胞的影响,为防治关节假体无菌性松动提供新的治疗途径。方法根据小鼠颅顶骨前成骨细胞亚克隆14(MC3T3-E1)中是否加入Ti-6Al-4V微粒和r OP-1,分为微粒组(5、10、15μg/m L Ti-6Al-4V)、处理组(微粒组加入200 ng/m L r OP-1)、阳性组(加入200ng/m L r OP-1)和对照组,检测各组24、72、120 h MC3T3-E1细胞增殖能力、72 h碱性磷酸酶(akaline phosphatase,AKP)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)和骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)mRNA的表达,及120 h成骨细胞的矿化能力。结果 1r OP-1无促进Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下成骨细胞增殖能力,与微粒组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2r OP-1可提高成骨细胞分化,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时逆转Ti-6Al-4V微粒抑制成骨细胞分化,与微粒组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3茜素红S染色后Ti-6Al-4V微粒钙结节数量随着浓度增加逐渐降低,和微粒组比较,加入r OP-1后钙结节数量呈增多趋势。结论 Ti-6Al-4V微粒环境下,r OP-1无提高成骨细胞增殖能力,能提高细胞分化矿化能力,r OP-1可以作为潜在治疗关节假体无菌性松动一种方法。     

α粒子放射性药物在骨转移瘤治疗中的应用进展

骨骼是晚期恶性肿瘤的常见转移部位之一,骨转移瘤不仅会导致顽固性骨痛、病理性骨折等骨相关事件（SRE）的发生,还会导致医疗费用的增加和死亡风险的上升。放射性药物内放射治疗具有疗效好、靶向性好和毒性低等优点。常用于治疗骨转移瘤的放射性药物主要是释放β粒子和α粒子的药物,其中释放β粒子的放射性药物的临床应用较成熟,但也具有一定的局限性。近年来,释放α粒子的放射性药物越来越多地用于骨转移瘤的治疗,其在缓解骨痛、降低SRE发生率、延长总生存期等方面具有更大的优势。笔者仅就α粒子放射性药物在骨转移瘤治疗中的应用进展进行综述。     

氯强油搽剂对小鼠迟发型变态反应的影响

目的: 研究氯强油搽剂抗小鼠迟发型变态反应的药理作用。方法: 建立氯强油搽剂实验动物高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、莫米松乳膏组、模型对照组、基质对照组、空白对照组,采用二硝基氯苯（DNCB）丙酮溶液诱发小鼠迟发型变态反应的实验动物模型,观察其对迟发型变态反应的影响,用磷酸组织胺测定小鼠致痒阀。结果: 以耳肿胀度为指标,与模型组相比较,氯强油搽剂高、中、低剂量组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;以胸腺指数、脾脏指数为指标,氯强油搽剂高、中剂量组与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义 （P<0.05）,低剂量组与模型组比较,差异具无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与模型组比较,氯强油搽剂高、中、低剂量组磷酸组织胺致痒阀差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: 氯强油搽剂局部外用具有良好的抗小鼠迟发型变态反应和止痒作用,适用于临床具有迟发型变态反应特征的皮损治疗。     

仙台病毒 Tianjin 株缺陷干扰颗粒体内外诱导大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨仙台病毒Tianjin株缺损干扰颗粒（ defective interfering particles ,DI颗粒）体内外诱导大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞C6凋亡的作用。方法将不同滴度仙台病毒Tianjin株DI颗粒分别与大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞C6作用不同时间,以培养基作为阴性对照、完整病毒作为阳性对照,通过DNA片段琼脂糖凝胶电泳、TUNEL染色、AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI标记流式细胞仪分析等检测细胞凋亡情况。建立大鼠皮下胶质瘤模型,通过测量肿瘤大小观察DI颗粒抑瘤作用,病理切片HE染色观察肿瘤组织病理变化,TUNEL法检测肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况。结果 C6细胞在体外经DI颗粒诱导后, DNA片段琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈阶梯状;流式细胞仪及TUNEL检测显示,DI颗粒组与完整病毒组细胞凋亡率明显增高,且呈时间-剂量依赖型。动物实验结果显示,DI颗粒和完整病毒均可明显抑制肿瘤生长;肿瘤组织病理切片HE染色显示DI颗粒组和完整病毒组瘤结节内瘤细胞较少;TUNEL原位细胞凋亡检测显示DI颗粒组和完整病毒组凋亡细胞明显增加,以上结果与阴性对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论仙台病毒Tianjin株DI颗粒在体内外均能引起大鼠脑胶质瘤C6细胞凋亡,且呈时间-剂量依赖型,提示DI颗粒有辅助治疗脑胶质瘤的可能性。     

Intestinal mucosa permeability following oral insulin delivery using core shell corona nanolipoparticles

Chitosan nanoparticles (NC) have excellent capacity for protein entrapment, favorable epithelial permeability, and are regarded as promising nanocarriers for oral protein delivery. Herein, we designed and evaluated a class of core shell corona nanolipoparticles (CSC) to further improve the absorption through enhanced intestinal mucus penetration. CSC contains chitosan nanoparticles as a core component and pluronic F127-lipid vesicles as a shell with hydrophilic chain and polyethylene oxide PEO as a corona. These particles were developed by hydration of a dry pluronic F127-lipid film with NC suspensions followed by extrusion. Insulin nested inside CSC was well protected from enzymatic degradation. Compared with NC, CSC exhibited significantly higher efficiency of mucosal penetration and, consequently, higher cellular internalization of insulin in mucus secreting E12 cells. The cellular level of insulin after CSC treatment was 36-fold higher compared to treatment with free insulin, and 10-fold higher compared to NC. CSC significantly facilitated the permeation of insulin across the ileum epithelia, as demonstrated in an ex vivo study and an in vivo absorption study. CSC pharmacological studies in diabetic rats showed that the hypoglycemic effects of orally administrated CSC were 2.5-fold higher compared to NC. In conclusion, CSC is a promising oral protein delivery system to enhance the stability, intestinal mucosal permeability, and oral absorption of insulin.     

Consequences of exposure to peri-articular injections of micro- and nano-particulate cobalt–chromium alloy

Metal hip replacements generate both metal particles and ions. The biological effects of peri-articular exposure to nanometre and micron sized cobalt chrome (CoCr) wear particles were investigated in a mouse model. Mice received injections of two clinically relevant doses of nanoparticles (32 nm), one of micron sized (2.9 μm) CoCr particles or vehicle alone into the right knee joint at 0, 6, 12 and 18 weeks. Mice were analysed for genotoxic and immunological effects 1, 4 and 40 weeks post exposure. Nanoparticles but not micron particles progressively corroded at the injection site. Micron sized particles were physically removed. No increase of Co or Cr was seen in peripheral blood between 1 and 40 weeks post exposure to particles. No significant inflammatory changes were observed in the knee tissues including ALVAL or necrosis. DNA damage was increased in bone marrow at one and forty weeks and in cells isolated from frontal cortex at 40 weeks after injection with nanoparticles. Mice exposed to the micron sized, but not nanoparticles became immunologically sensitized to Cr(III), Cr (VI) and Ni(II) over the 40 week period as determined by lymphocyte transformation and ELISpot (IFN-γ and IL-2) assays. The data indicated that the response to the micron sized particles was Th1 driven, indicative of type IV hypersensitivity. This study adds to understanding of the potential adverse biological reactions to metal wear products.     

Substance P enhanced titanium particles-induced RANKL expression in fibroblasts from periprosthetic membrane

Abstract

Aseptic loosening remains the primary cause of failure in total joint arthroplasty. Implant-derived particles are thought to be a main cause of osteolysis that leads to the failure. Substance P (SP) immunoreactive nerve fibers have been detected in the periprosthetic membrane of aseptic loose hip prostheses. We isolated fibroblasts from periprosthetic membrane. Fibroblasts were examined by real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and COX-2. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of titanium particles, SP and NS-398 (a selective COX-2 inhibitor). Titanium particles or SP stimulated RANKL and COX-2 expression in fibroblasts, whereas NS-398 inhibited RANKL production, suggesting a COX-2-mediated event. Moreover, SP enhanced COX-2 and RANKL expression by titanium particles-stimulated fibroblasts. Thus, SP and titanium particles acted synergistically to increase RANKL expression.