硬脑膜动脉海绵窦瘘的眼眶CT表现,DSA检查及栓塞治疗

笔者分析了５例硬脑膜动脉海绵窦瘘伴突眼，结膜充血的病例，全部经ＣＴ及ＤＳＡ检查，同时进行了栓塞治疗，经随访７－９个月未见复发，主要ＣＴ表现为：（１）眼球突出，结膜充血；（２）眼上静脉扩张；（３）海绵窦增大；（４）眼外肌增厚：（５）眶尖软组织肿胀。并讨论了诊断鉴别诊断，ＤＳＡ检查及有关治疗问题。     

河南省传染性非典型肺炎患者胸部X线表现

目的 :探讨传染性非典型肺炎的X线表现及变化规律。方法 :对河南省临床诊断的 1 5例患者发病后不同时间的系列胸片和CT进行回顾性分析。结果 :1 5例胸部X线病灶初始形态为斑片状 1 1例 (73.3% ) ,大片状 4例 (2 6 .7% ) ;双侧 9例 (6 0 .0 % ) ,单侧 6例 (4 0 .0 % ) ,均为中、下肺野 (1 0 0 % )。动态观察发现病变进展快 ,病变发展到高峰期时间为 4～ 1 4d , x±s(7.7± 3.2 )d ,双侧 1 3例 (86 .7% ) ,单侧 2例 (1 3.3% ) ,两肺叶及两肺叶以上病变者 1 4例 (93.3% )。病变开始吸收时间为 6～ 2 1d , x±s(1 1 .3± 4 .1 )d ;完全或基本吸收时间 8～ 2 6d , x±s(1 6 .4± 5 .0 )d。1 5例经治疗均痊愈出院。住院时间 1 8～ 4 2d , x±s(31 .9± 7.9)d。 结论 :传染性非典型肺炎的胸部X线特点为急性双侧或单侧多叶炎性浸润阴影 ,以中、下野常见 ,进展迅速 ,及时复查胸部X线对临床诊断及判断病情具有重要价值。     

腰椎间盘膨出CT诊断标准的探讨

在经椎间盘中心平面的ＣＴ扫描图像上，对下腰段８２个正常椎间盘（男４９个，女３３个）及相应平面后方之硬胶囊、椎管的矢径、横径和面积进行了测量，并用指数形式来表示前、后二者间各项指标的比例关系。通过与４０个（男２７个、女１３个）膨出椎间盘的比较分析，发现硬膜囊面积／椎间盘面积、硬膜囊矢径／椎间盘矢径及椎管矢径／椎间盘矢径等三个指数在椎间盘膨出的诊断中最有价值。     

Experimental study of spinal cord compression by epidural tumors using electron probe X-ray microanalysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Changes in the nerve fibers of the spinal cord were studied in rat experimental epidural tumor models. Light microscopy showed demyelinization in all with rats paraparesis and paraplegia. Cross-sectional views of nerve fibers stained with 3,3dipentyloxacarbo-cyanine iodide, obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy, showed distorted, shrunken fibers with a low fluorescence intensity. Changes in the electrolyte contents of nerve fibers were studied by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The K concentration in axons and the myelin sheath was increased in the paraparesis group, but was decreased in the paraplegia group. These findings suggest that, in the paraparesis group, compression of the spinal cord damaged cell membrane channels, which subsequently caused an increase in intracellular K, a decline in the action potential, and low-intensity fluorescence of nerve fibers. On the other hand, in the paraplegia group, destruction of cell membranes caused a decrease in intracellular K until it approached the extracellular level. This reduced both the action potential and the fluorescence intensity. As Ca and Mg concentrations in both axons and the myelin sheath increased in relation to the severity of neurologic damage, it appears that these electrolytes may also play an important role in damage to nerve fibers.     

上海市卢湾区部分医院X-CT诊断医疗照射频率分析

目的了解我区部分医院X—CT检查占所有放射检查的比例，并分析2002至2004年X-CT各部位阳性检出率。方法分析X-CT诊断医疗照射频率的调查资料。结果CT检查占所有放射检查的比例为23．04％；除个别部位外，大部分阳性检出率均有所提高。结论X—CT检查的频率应予以控制，通过质控提高阳性检出率。     

Reproducibility of lateral spine scans using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Summary Reproducibility of lateral spine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (LAT DEXA) scans using a Lunar DPX-L scanner was assessed in a cadaveric phantom and in patients. One hundred phantom measurements over 7 months demonstrated a longitudinal stability of 1.7% (coefficient of variation, CV). Additional scans were performed with the phantom rotated by up to 20° in each of the three orthogonal planes to assess the effects of variable patient positioning. Horizontal and vertical rotation of the spine had little effect on the estimated bone mineral density (BMD), however, axial rotation of greater than 8° led to errors in the BMD measurement. One hundred consecutive patients had two lateral scans performed within 1 month. BMD (range 0.10–1.6 g/cm²) was determined for each scan by one operator. Significant overlap from ribs and pelvis was often seen with L2 and L4 vertebrae but one vertebra (L3) could be measured in every case. Intraoperator and interoperator variability was assessed by three experienced operators, each analyzing 10 patients' scans on five separate occasions, and was found to be less than 1.1% for a single vertebra. BMD estimation of vertebral bodies and midslices by lateral DEXA scans (CV% of 3.8% and 4.6%) have a 95% confidence interval of 0.074 g/cm² and 0.096 g/cm², respectively for two vertebrae. This variability is due mainly to axial rotation, with operator variability, horizontal rotation, and vertical rotation having little effect on BMD estimation.     

颞下颌关节的三维有限元法研究

本研究利用颞下颌关节ＣＴ扫描资料和计算机图像分析处理技术以及三维有限元方法相结合建立了髁状突的三维有限元模型，结果表明，此方法在技术上是可行的并将有助于颞下颌关节的临床和基础研究。     

巨大浆膜下子宫肌瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的:探讨巨大浆膜下子宫肌瘤(giant subserous hysteromyoma,GSH)的CT与MRI表现,以期提高诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析15例GSH的CT平扫、增强扫描及14例MRI平扫1、0例增强扫描表现并与手术病理结果对照。结果:5例CT表现呈非均匀实性的GSH在增强后内部呈多个大小不等的结节状改变,其间可见分隔结构,4例呈非均匀实性的GSH增强后呈"漩涡状"混杂密度,3例GSH瘤体边缘见低密度带。MRI T1WI所有肌瘤表现为等、低信号,T2WI表现为低或混杂信号,5例瘤体内部为结节状改变,其间可见高信号分隔结构,7例瘤体边缘见低信号带。结论:GSH的CT与MRI表现有一定的特征性,具有较高的诊断价值。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的影像学诊断

目的 探讨X线、CT及血管造影对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断价值及鉴别诊断。资料与方法 回顾分析经手术和／或病理证实的46例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的l临床及影像学资料，46例全部作过十二指肠气钡双对比造影，并有13例作低张十二指肠插管造影；28例作CT检查；11例作数字减影血管造影。结果 胃十二指肠双对比造影及低张十二指肠插管诊断十二指肠癌24例；平滑肌肉瘤6例；恶性淋巴瘤4例。诊断总符合率为73．91％(34／46)。误诊率为17．39％(8／46)，漏诊率为8．7％(4／46)。CT检查28例，确诊十二指肠癌4例，平滑肌肉瘤7例。误诊为腹腔脓肿2例，平滑肌瘤6例，腹腔恶性肿瘤9例。诊断符合率为39．29％(11／28)，误诊率为60．71％(17／28)。血管造影11例，9例检出病变，6例确诊为十二指肠恶性肿瘤，3例误为良性肿瘤，2例未发现明显肿瘤血管。确诊率为54．55％(6／11)，误、漏诊率分别为27．27％(3／11)、18．18％(2／11)。结论 胃十二指肠气钡双对比造影是发现十二指肠恶性肿瘤最简单易行的方法，它和胃镜配合能得到病理学诊断。低张十二指肠插管造影对重度肠腔狭窄或阻塞患者显示病变范围起补充作用。CT能显示管外型恶性肿瘤的软组织块影及管壁破坏和有无淋巴结肿大。血管造影能根据血供来源明确钡餐难发现、CT仅显示与肠管无明显联系的平滑肌肉瘤，并可进行栓塞IE血治疗。     

Hawkeye SPECT仪融合图像用于脑脊液鼻漏诊断和定位

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of the 99Tcm-DTPA cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Hawkeye SPECT fusion imaging for diagnosing and localizing CSF rhinorrhea (CSFR). Methods Thirty-three patients with suspected CSFR were included in this study. All cases un-derwent planar and SPECT and CT imaging at 120 and 180 min, respectively, after 99Tcm-DTPA injection via lumbar puncture before surgery treatment. The location and path of CSF leakage were diagnosed on pla-nar and SPECT fusion imaging. SAS 6.12 software was used to analyze both sets of imaging data, and the χ2 test was used to compare the results from planar imaging with those of SPECT fusion imaging. Results In 33 patients with CSFR, 31 abnormally concentrated radionuclide activity and location of leakage were foun-ded on SPECT fusion imaging, whereas 30 of such abnormalities were detected by planar imaging. All CSFR cases were confirmed by surgery afterwards. The sensitivity and accuracy for diagnosing and localizing CSFR were 93.9% (31/33), 90.9% (30/33) in SPECT fusion imaging and 93.5% (29/31), 78.3% (18/23) in planar imaging. Conclusion 99Tcm-DTPA CSF Hawkeye SPECT fusion imaging is an efficient, simple and accurate method for diagnosing and localizing CSF leakage.