CT平扫对腹部闭合性肠及肠系膜损伤诊断准确性的评估

目的评估CT平扫在腹部闭合性损伤中对肠及肠系膜损伤诊断的准确性及其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析486例腹部损伤患者的临床及CT平扫资料,初步诊断结果为CT平扫诊断结果,临床最终诊断结果为手术或临床随访观察,并对初步诊断结果与最终诊断结果进行对比分析（χ2检验）。结果 CT平扫初步诊断肠及肠系膜损伤65例,其中41例得到证实,12例漏诊。CT平扫对肠及肠系膜损伤诊断的敏感性为77.3%,特异性为94.4%,诊断符合率为92.3%。CT平扫初步诊断结果与临床最终诊断结果比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.36,P〉0.05）。结论 CT平扫对腹部闭合性创伤中肠及肠系膜损伤可作出准确诊断。     

X线平片与MSCT三维重建在桡骨远端骨折诊断中的价值分析

目的探讨X线平片与多层螺旋CT(MSCT)三维重建在桡骨远端骨折诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析本院2016年2月至2018年11月收治的200例桡骨远端骨折患者临床资料,所有患者均先后X线平片与MSCT三维重建检查,比较X线平片与MSCT三维重建诊断结果差异。结果本研究200例患者中,X线平片共确诊桡骨远端骨折182例,其中A型94例,B型18例,C型70例;MSCT三维重建确诊的200例患者中包括A型23例,B型21例,C型156例,X线平片和MSCT三维重建检查桡骨远端骨折AO分型结果比较(P<0.05);X线平片与MSCT三维重建诊断A型、B型、C型一致性Kappa值分别为0.256、0.233、0.264,一致性程度一般(P<0.05);MSCT三维重建检测骨块数目多于X线平片,背侧缘分离移位与冠状面桡腕关节塌陷距离大于X线平片(P<0.05);MSCT三维重建与X线平片检测背侧骨块厚度结果比较(P>0.05)。结论 MSCT相对X线可诊断隐匿性骨折,在复杂性骨折准确分型上具有明显的优势,在明确骨折信息方面更精准。     

钩突影像解剖学测量与慢性鼻窦炎的关系

目的 研究鼻窦CT冠状位片钩突影像解剖学测量及其与慢性鼻窦炎的关系.方法 分析73例(146侧)经鼻窦CT检查者的资料,用图像处理软件PhotoshopCS2选择冠状位片观测钩突上端的附着部位、钩突高度、钩突角度,并对测量结果与鼻窦炎积分进行相关性分析,将不同附着类型钩突的高度和角度分别进行两两比较.结果 钩突上端附着部位有4种类型,分叉型(41.1%)、中鼻甲型(26.03%)、纸样板型(17.8%)和颅底型(14.38%).4种类型鼻窦炎患病率有显著差异.鼻窦炎组钩突高度及角度与鼻窦炎积分间显著相关.结论 钩突的解剖因素与慢性鼻窦炎关系密切.     

天然有机分子精细立体结构规律的初步研究

用化学修饰制备衍生物或形成卤氢酸盐后的化合物．经重结晶得到符合Ｘ射线衍射分析用的单晶。化学修饰将引起结构的精细变化。通过对５个天然有机分子的晶体结构分析，得到描述精细立体结构变化的键长、键角、扭角的平均偏离值；计算了１０个卤氢酸盐晶体结构中的盐键值，得到盐酸盐、溴氢酸盐的平均键值。精细立体结构参数的平均偏离值，可以作为描述分子立体结构变化的参照值。     

梗阻性黄疸的CT诊断价值(附45例分析)

目的探讨CT对恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析和总结本院经手术病理证实的45例恶性梗阻性黄疸的CT征象资料。结果本组中肝门胆管癌10例,胆囊癌10例,胆总管下段癌11例,壶腹癌1例,胰头癌7例,十二指肠乳头癌5例,肝尾叶癌1例。恶性胆道梗阻的CT表现有：肝内及肝门部胆管扩张、胆总管扩张,表现为“软藤征”,“截断征”等。结论CT是诊断梗阻性黄疸的重要方法之一,具有重要的临床价值。CT对梗阻性黄疸有极高的定位与定性诊断价值,但在具体病因确定上有一定局限性。     

Update of the classification of midpalatal suture behaviour after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion using computed tomography

The aim of this study was to update the midpalatal suture classification after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) using computed tomography (CT). Thirty-five patients with a transverse maxillary deficiency and unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbite underwent SARME with osteotomy of the pterygoid apophysis of the sphenoid. CT was performed before installation of the Hyrax expander appliance and after the final activation. Opening of the midpalatal suture was classified into three types: type I, total midpalatal suture opening from anterior nasal spine (ANS) to posterior nasal spine (PNS); type II, partial midpalatal suture opening from ANS to the transverse palatine suture, with partial or non-existent opening of the midpalatal suture posterior to the transverse palatine suture; type III, complete maxillary opening from ANS, but not of PNS, because a paramedian fracture completed the opening of the hard palate. Type I was observed in 42.8% of the patients, type II in 40%, and type III in 17.2%. Opening of the transverse palatine suture was found in all midpalatal suture opening patterns and was more frequent in type III, followed by type II and type I. CT was used to update the classification of midpalatal suture patterns, with the inclusion of type III: total opening of the hard palate due partly to opening of the midpalatal suture and partly to a paramedian fracture.     

Liver involvement in patients with COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive overview of diagnostic imaging features

During the first wave of the pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been considered mainly as a pulmonary infection. However, different clinical and radiological manifestations were observed over time, including involvement of abdominal organs. Nowadays, the liver is considered one of the main affected abdominal organs. Hepatic involvement may be caused by either a direct damage by the virus or an indirect damage related to COVID-19 induced thrombosis or to the use of different drugs. After clinical assessment, radiology plays a key role in the evaluation of liver involvement. Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to evaluate liver involvement. US is widely available and it is considered the first-line technique to assess liver involvement in COVID-19 infection, in particular liver steatosis and portal-vein thrombosis. CT and MRI are used as second- and third-line techniques, respectively, considering their higher sensitivity and specificity compared to US for assessment of both parenchyma and vascularization. This review aims to the spectrum of COVID-19 liver involvement and the most common imaging features of COVID-19 liver damage.