3—氯—4—氟苯胺的生产与研究概况

评述了3-氯-4-氟苯胺的实验室研究和工业生产现状,特别对氯化、硝化、氟化和还原等反应中间体的制备及其质量作了分析。     

Raman and UV–vis spectroscopic study of polyaniline membranes containing a bulky cationic additive

Electrically conducting soluble polyaniline (PANI), containing different amounts of a bulky lipophilic cationic additive, tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl), was studied by Raman (λ_exc=780 nm) and UV–vis spectroscopy. PANI was made simultaneously electrically conducting and soluble with bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]phosphoric acid in dichloromethane. The PANI membranes were prepared by drop casting on glassy carbon or ITO substrates. Raman and UV–vis measurements were carried out in a 0.1 M CaCl₂ solution at potentials between 400 and ?600 mV (vs. SCE) at pH 6, or alternatively at the open circuit potential at pH 10. The results of Raman, UV–vis and cyclic voltammetric measurements confirm that the incorporation of TDMACl into the PANI membrane facilitates the oxidation and reduction of PANI.     

Epirubicin as a single agent therapy for the treatment of breast cancer — A pharmacokinetic and clinical study

Sixty women with breast cancer (mean age: 61 years; range 36-78 years) were treated with Epirubicin (4’epi-Dox-orubicin), 60 mg m^-2 , as single drug therapy. The drug was administered as 2 hours’ constant rate infusions. The pharmacokinetics of the drug during the first course of treatment was evaluated by measurements of the plasma concentration of Epirubicin at the end of the infusion period. There was a five-fold inter-individual variation of the dose-normalized maximum plasma concentration, which increased with increasing age of the patients. There was no correlation between this pharmacokinetic parameter and degree of obesity.     

原发性胆囊癌CD44v5、CD44v6表达及其临床病理意义的研究

目的 检测胆囊癌组织中CD44v5、CD44v6的表达,并探讨其在胆囊癌发生发展过程中的临床病理意义.方法 采用SP免疫组织化学方法,检测49例胆囊癌、10例胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎组织和10例正常胆囊组织中CD44v5、CD44v6蛋白表达情况.结果 CD44v5、CD44v6阳性表达率在胆囊癌组织明显高于良性组织.在胆囊癌中,CD44v5基因表达阳性率与组织学分级无关,CD4 4v6基因表达阳性率与组织学分级有关.有淋巴结转移的胆囊癌组织中,CD44v5、CD44v6阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移者.结论 CD44v5、CD44v6可能在胆囊癌的淋巴结转移中起着重要的作用,CD44v5、CD4 4v6可能是了解胆囊癌病变发生发展生物学行为,淋巴结转移的重要生物学指标.     

血小板第4因子对辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能的保护作用

目的：探讨血小板第4因子（plateletfactor4，PF4）对辐射损伤小鼠免疫系统的影响。方法：雄性BALB／c小鼠随机分为3组，第1组（单纯照射组）、第Ⅱ组（PF4保护组）、第Ⅲ组（正常对照组），第Ⅱ组在照射前26h及20h腹腔注射PF440μg／kg，全身一次性5Gy60Co—γ射线照射后瑞氏染色法计数外周血淋巴细胞百分数。胸腺、脾脏制成细胞悬液计数后，MTT比色法测定胸腺及脾细胞增殖能力。结果：第Ⅱ组小鼠外周血淋巴细胞百分数下降趋势较第1组明显减慢。胸腺、脾细胞计数，第Ⅱ组明显高于第1组。淋巴细胞增殖试验，第Ⅱ组与第1组相比，小鼠胸腺及脾细胞的增殖能力明显增强。结论：PF4对免疫系统有辐射保护作用，可明显增强辐射损伤小鼠的免疫功能。     

A Quantitative Study of Specific Immunoglobulins to Mosquito Salivary Gland Antigen in Hypersensitive and Common Types of Mosquito Bite Reaction

This study was designed with two purposes: first, to elucidate immunologic mechanisms in different cutaneous reactions, particularly in hypersensitivity to mosquito bites, and, second, to develop a more reliable and safer method of identifying the causative species of mosquito in severe cases. The amounts of IgG, IgG₄ and IgE specific to the mosquito salivary gland extract of Aedes albopictus were determined in the sera of 116 volunteers with normal reactions, either immediate or delayed, and 4 patients with severe systemic symptoms caused by mosquito bites. Titers of IgG and IgE in the severe cases were considerably higher than in volunteers with normal reactions, but there were no differences in IgG, titers between the two groups. These results indicate that high titers of IgG and IgE may be involved in development of systemic symptoms in severe cases and verify the possibility of in vitro tests to identify causative species of the mosquito.     

Effects of immobilization stress on hippocampal monoamine release: Modification by mivazerol, a new α2-adrenoceptor agonist

Mivazerol is a new and selective α₂-adrenoceptor agonist which has demonstrated anti-ischemic effects, both in animals and in patients with myocardial ischemia. In the present study, mivazerol was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the release of catecholamines and serotonin (5-HT) in the hippocampus of freely moving rats, and also was compared to clonidine. In vivo microdialysis in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed. Intravenous administration of mivazerol (8.0 μg/kg) had no effect on basal outflow of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). In contrast, clonidine (8.5 μg/kg, i.v.) attenuated the basal release of DOPAC, which has been proposed to reflect NE biosynthesis, suggesting that clonidine has an inhibitory effect on NE synthesis. In addition, both mivazerol and clonidine decreased the spontaneous release of 5-HT, which provided further evidence that α₂-adrenoceptors in the hippocampus modulate 5-HT. Sixty-min immobilization stress significantly increased the release of NE (177 ± 28%), DA (209 ± 46%) and DOPAC (337 ± 72%). Mivazerol (2.5, 8.0 and 25 μg/kg, i.v.) completely prevented the immobilization stress-induced enhancement of NE, DA and DOPAC, which was equi-effective to clonidine at a dose of 8.5 gmg/kg, i.v. These findings demonstrate that mivazerol has a profound modulatory effect on stress-induced neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus, at dose levels reported to protect against myocardial ischemia.     

Phenotype of endomyocardial biopsy-derived T-lymphocyte cultures and chronic rejection after heart transplantation

Chronic rejection (CR) is a major problem in long-term survival in heart transplantation. We analysed whether the occurrence of CR correlates with the incidence of acute rejections (AR) or with characteristics of endomyocardial biopsy-derived cell cultures. CR was diagnosed by annual angiography and defined as all coronary vascular changes. One year after transplantation 24 of the 63 patients had CR (38%). The incidence of AR in CR + and CR — patients was comparable. The patients in both groups had similar individual median percentages of EMB-yielding cell cultures. During the first year the CR — patients had more cultures in which at least 60% of the cells were CD4 + T cells (50% vs 37%, P = 0.05), due to a stronger CD4 predominance in the first 6 months. In the second year the CD4 predominance in the patients diagnosed as CR + after 1 year tended to be higher (P = 0.08). The patients had comparable percentages of cultures predominated by CD8 + T cells, γδ T cells or NK cells, irrespective of the time interval. These results might indicate that CD4 + T lymphocytes play a dual role in the aetiology of CR.     

eIF4E在乳腺癌中表达的研究进展

真核细胞翻译起始因子是调节蛋白质翻译的关键因素,作为mRNA帽结合磷蛋白,过度表达能使一些肿瘤相关恶性基因的蛋白质表达量发生变化,引起致癌性改变。笔者就eIF4E在乳腺癌中的表达、作用以及治疗研究的最新研究进展作一综述。     

Partial replication of a DRD4 association in ADHD individuals using a statistically derived quantitative trait for ADHD in a family-based association test.

BACKGROUND: Previous research found an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of DRD4 and statistically derived phenotypes generated from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We sought to replicate this finding by using the same methodology in an independent sample of ADHD individuals. METHODS: Four SNPs were genotyped in and around DRD4 in 2631 individuals in 642 families. We developed a quantitative phenotype at each SNP by weighting nine inattentive and nine hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The weights were selected to maximize the heritability at each SNP. Once a quantitative phenotype was generated at each SNP, the screening procedure implemented in PBAT was used to select and test the five SNPs/genetic model combinations with the greatest power to detect an association for DRD4. RESULTS: One of the four SNPs was associated with the quantitative phenotypes generated from the ADHD symptoms (corrected p-values = .02). A rank ordering of the correlation between each of the ADHD symptoms and the quantitative phenotype suggested that hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were more strongly correlated with the phenotype; however, including inattentive symptoms was necessary to achieve a significant result. CONCLUSIONS: This study partially replicated a previous finding by identifying an association between rs7124601 and a quantitative trait generated from ADHD symptoms. The rs7124601 is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the SNPs identified previously. In contrast to the previous study, this finding suggests that both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms are important in the association.