医院护理管理者素质测评研究现状与展望

对护理管理者素质测评研究的目的和意义、医院护理管理者素质测评研究的现状及展望进行了综述。     

Validation of the Defining Characteristics of the Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective Airway Clearance

The investigators designed this validation study to determine the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis ineffective airway clearance. Using Fehring's Diagnostic Content Validity Model, 546 nurses who care for respiratory clients validated one major and 19 minor defining characteristics. Nine characteristics previously described in the literature were eliminated. Clarification of the defining characteristics of this diagnosis improves communication in practice, education and research.     

人工肛门袋的改良研究与肠造口护理近况

对肛门袋的种类、不同类型肛门袋的使用特点及肠造口皮肤的护理问题进行了综述。     

肛肠科围手术期患者的心理护理

目的依据肛肠科围手术期患者心理护理需求,进行针对性护理,提高其对手术应对能力,顺利度过围手术期。方法160例择期手术患者随机分为观察组及对照组,前者给予术前访探、术中陪护、术后随访等整体护理,后者给予传统的功能制护理。结果比较2组患者在恐惧失眠、担心一次不能治愈、围手术期MAP、HR波动、术后并发症等方面,对照组明显高于观察组,差异有显著意义(P<0.05);担心术中疼痛、害羞恐惧方面,2组有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论肛肠科围手术期心理护理在减轻患者恐惧心理、缓解心理应激、保证各项治疗顺利进行具有重要辅助作用。     

我科实施护理风险管理的方法与效果

目的降低护理风险，保障孕产妇的住院安全。方法成立护理风险管理小组，按照风险管理程序，实施护理风险鉴别、风险评估、风险控制、风险监督。结果孕产妇对护理的满意度及护理质量提高，护理投诉事件降低。结论对产科病区实施风险管理，可以有效提高护理质量。     

专科特色护理在轻中度老年性痴呆患者中的应用

目的探讨专科特色护理对提高轻中度老年性痴呆患者自理能力,减轻其抑郁程度的作用。方法选择本院住院的轻中度老年性痴呆患者52例,提供志愿者亲情服务、看图说话、音乐疗法、追忆往事、老年学习坊、益智游戏、手指操训练等。实施前及实施后9个月、分别采用Barthel指数(BI)评定量表评定其自理能力,抑郁自评量表(SDS)对其抑郁程度进行评定。结果轻度老年性痴呆患者实施9个月自理能力分级显著提高(P0.05);中度老年性痴呆患者实施前后自理能力分级虽无显著变化(P0.05),但亦未恶化;轻、中度老年性痴呆患者实施9个月后SDS均有显著下降(P0.05)。结论实施专科特色护理提高轻度老年性痴呆患者的自理能力,改善其生活质量。     

视网膜脱离修复术后再脱离病人的护理

回顾性分析22例视网膜脱离病人修复术后再脱离的特点，予实施支持性心理护理，做好术后不良反应及体位的护理，科学系统的健康教育，帮助病人建立社会支持系统。结果22例病人23眼中1例并发第3次视网膜脱离．其余21例22眼顺利恢复，视力有提高。     

Functionalism and holism: community nurses' perceptions of health

This paper reports the results of a study that was designed to explore and examine the perceptions of two groups of newly qualified community nurses about the factors they considered to be embedded within the concepts of health, health-enhancing behaviours at individual, family and community levels and their 'innermost self'. The research was exploratory in nature, and included two sample groups: group 1 comprised 16 newly qualified health visitors; group 2 comprised 16 newly qualified community mental health nurses. Purposive sampling was used and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The group of health visitors perceived health in terms of physical fitness and functional states. At a global level they perceived the need to provide education on health matters. They gave generously to 'charities' and perceived the 'inner self' as 'that part that matters'. The group of community mental health nurses perceived health in terms of holism and being states. Their concept of health was related to listening to each individual's perception of what is 'right' and 'health-enhancing' for them. At a global level they considered the protection of the ozone layer and the promotion of a just and equitable society which focused on the reduction of poverty, to be key health-enhancing activities. They perceived their 'innermost self' to be 'that part of me that makes life worth living', and the soul. The findings have implications for developing new and creative approaches for teaching the holistic concept of health and healing. Educational activities could be designed which strive to ensure that nurses themselves have safe and health embracing opportunities for exploring all the elements that are embedded within the topic of health. Their role in facilitating holistic health promoting activities for all clients also needs to be addressed.     

Automated nursing documentation: A design perspective

Summary The concept of an automated nursing documentation system has been subject to casual debate for a number of years. During this time, Hewlett-Packard developed a system that is both adequate and workable from many perspectives (i.e. the Staff Notes Subsystem of the Patient Data Management System — PDMS). This package has been used as the primary method to document patient care for six years in the Critical Care Units of Phoenix Baptist Hospital. With the aid of Baptist Hospitals and Health Systems (BHHS) Design Engineers, it continues to evolve predicated on a singular intent: To provide the type of documentation required by the medical staff.The objective of this paper is multifold. Foremost, generalized criteria are established to provide a vehicle for standardizing the design or evolution of a staff notes package. The generic structure of the PDMS notes subsystem is discussed in regard to its parity with these criteria. Finally, custom modifications and additions to this package will be presented, and recommendations for future enhancements will be outlined.     

So what exactly is nursing knowledge?

This paper aims to present a discussion about intrinsic nursing knowledge. The paper stems from the author's study of knowledge claims enshrined in nursing journal articles, books and conference speeches. It is argued that claims by academic nurses have largely depended on principles drawn from continental and not Analytic (British-American) philosophy. Thus, claims are credible only insofar as they defer propositional logic. This is problematic inasmuch as nursing is a practice-based activity usually carried out in medical settings. Transpersonal nursing models are particularly criticizable in respect of their unworldly character as are also concepts based on shallow usages of physics or mathematics. I argue that sensible measurements of the 'real world' are possible--without endorsing positivism--and that nursing requires little recourse to logically unsustainable claims. The paper concludes with an analysis of a recent review of nursing knowledge, which analysis indicates the circularity that attends many discussions on the topic.