氨溴特罗口服液治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效观察简

目的 探讨氨溴特罗口服液治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效.方法 78例患儿随机分为两组,观察组采用氨溴特罗口服液治疗,对照组采用盐酸氨溴索颗粒治疗,比较两组疗效、咳嗽咳痰评分和免疫指标变化.结果 观察组有效率89.74%,对照组71.79%,观察组疗效优于对照（Ridit z=48.478,P=0.000）;治疗3 d后观察组咳嗽、咳痰情况优于对照（P〈0.05）;两组IgG差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 氨溴特罗口服液治疗小儿支气管肺炎起效快,且能调理患儿免疫功能,值得临床推广和应用.     

The PFA‐100® does not predict delta‐granule platelet storage pool deficiencies

Summary.  There are no published reports investigating the ability of the platelet function analyzer (PFA‐100^®) to detect the presence of delta‐granule platelet storage pool deficiencies (δ‐PSPD), a common mild bleeding disorder. Prior studies of the PFA‐100^® and congenital platelet disorders have been limited by small numbers of patients with a variety of disorders. We examined PFA‐100^® results in a large paediatric patient population diagnosed specifically with δ‐PSPD, and determined the relationship between PFA‐100^® and platelet electron microscopy (the gold standard for diagnosis). This study is a retrospective review of patients <19 years of age diagnosed with δ‐PSPD at Nationwide Children’s Hospital from 2008 to 2010. To examine the correlation between PFA‐100^® and average number of granules per platelet we used Spearman’s Rho as a non‐parametric measure of dependence. A total of 105 patients diagnosed with δ‐PSPD were included, of which 99 patients underwent PFA‐100^® testing. Of those tested 46% had at least one abnormal closure time, whereas 16% had abnormal results for both cartridges. We found no statistical correlation between C‐EPI closure time and average number of granules per platelet (ρ= ?0.0095, P‐value = 0.9328), nor between C‐ADP closure time and the average number of granules (ρ = 0.0315, P‐value = 0.7798). The PFA‐100^®, a widely used screening test for suspected bleeding disorders, did not correlate with presence or severity of δ‐PSPD as determined by platelet electron microscopy. When evaluating patients with suspected bleeding disorders, PFA‐100^® alone cannot be used to rule out the presence of a δ‐PSPD.     

调中颗粒治疗寒热错杂型功能性消化不良的临床疗效及对血浆胃肠激素水平的影响

[目的]观察调中颗粒对寒热错杂型功能性消化不良(FD)的临床治疗效果及血浆胃肠激素水平的变化.[方法]寒热错杂型FD患者210例,随机分为2组,各105例,治疗组予调中颗粒,对照组予多潘立酮片,2组疗程均为4周.[结果]治疗组、对照组临床疗效总有效率分别为91.43％和76.19％,组间临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组各项中医症候单项症状改善治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组血浆胃动素及促胃液素水平较前升高明显,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组治疗期间均未发生不良事件.[结论]调中颗粒可通过对血浆胃肠激素水平的影响缓解寒热错杂型FD患者的临床症状.     

运脾颗粒对脾虚型慢传输型便秘小鼠SP和VIP含量的影响

为观察运脾颗粒对脾虚型慢传输型便秘小鼠肠道传输功能及结肠组织中P物质（sP）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）含量的影响,探讨运脾颗粒治疗脾虚型慢传输型便秘的药效与机制,为该药治疗便秘提供科学依据。采用复合造模法建立小鼠脾虚型慢传输型便秘模型,将小鼠分为空白对照组（A组）、模型对照组（B组）、麻仁对照组（c组）、运脾颗粒大剂量组（D组）、运脾颗粒中剂量组（E组）、运脾颗粒小剂量组（F组）,分别灌服相应药物,末次灌胃后测量肠道墨汁推进率;按放射免疫试剂盒方法分别测出结肠组织匀浆中SP、VIP的含量。结果显示,运脾颗粒能明显提高小鼠肠道传输功能,D组效果优于C组（P〈0．05）。运脾颗粒可明显增加便秘模型小鼠结肠组织中SP及VIP的含量,D、E、F组均优于c组（P〈O．05）,D组最明显（P〈0．01）。结果表明,运脾颗粒能明显提高小鼠肠道传输功能,且各项指标均优于C组（P〈0．05）,其机制可能是通过升高慢传输型便秘小鼠结肠中SP及VIP的含量来提高肠道传输功能。     

Postnatal di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate exposure affects hippocampal dentate gyrus morphogenesis

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used phthalate for the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride. Recent studies in humans reported a widespread DEHP exposure, raising concerns in infants whose metabolic and excretory systems are immature. DEHP is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical, but the effects of postnatal DEHP exposure on neuronal development are unclear. The dentate gyrus (DG) is critical in the consolidation of information from short- to long-term memory, as well as spatial learning. We evaluated neurodevelopmental toxicity due to neonatal DEHP exposure by assessing neurogenesis in the DG. Newborn mice were orally administered DEHP from postnatal day (PND) 12 to 25. We performed immunostaining using neuronal markers at different stages to assess whether DEHP exposure affects neurons at specific differentiation stages at PND 26 and PND 110. We found that in mice, postnatal DEHP exposure led to a decrease in the number of Type-1, -2a, -2b, and -3 neural progenitor cells, as well as granule cells in the hippocampal DG at PND 26. Further, the results showed that neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation were also reduced in the hippocampal DG of the DEHP-exposed mice. However, no effect on memory and learning was observed. Overall, our results suggest that neurodevelopmental toxicity due to postnatal DEHP exposure might affect postnatal DG morphogenesis.     

基于HPLC指纹图谱评价的当归补血汤传统汤剂与配方颗粒汤剂的成分差异分析

目的以当归补血汤为研究对象,比较其传统汤剂、自制配方颗粒汤剂与市售配方颗粒剂化学成分种类和含量的差异,为中药配方颗粒的临床应用提供科学依据。方法采用HPLC建立指纹图谱,从化学成分的种类、指标性成分含量、共有峰峰面积总和、指纹图谱的相似度4个方面进行评价。结果色谱峰数目由传统汤剂的15个共有色谱峰到配方颗粒的13个(A厂)、12个(自制)、11个(B厂)、9个(C厂)。指标成分的含量上,配方颗粒中阿魏酸含量与传统汤剂存在显著性差异(P0.05),其中阿魏酸含量:传统汤剂A厂配方颗粒汤剂自制配方颗粒汤剂B厂配方颗粒汤剂C厂配方颗粒汤剂;毛蕊异黄酮苷含量:自制配方颗粒汤剂传统汤剂A厂配方颗粒汤剂B厂配方颗粒汤剂C厂配方颗粒汤剂。配方颗粒汤剂中共有峰峰面积的总和均低于传统汤剂,若传统汤剂为1,其他(自制和A、B、C 3厂家)分别相当于0.95、0.66、0.40、0.47。自制配方颗粒汤剂以及A、B厂配方颗粒与传统汤剂相比相似度较高(0.97、0.96、0.98),C厂家稍低(0.85)。通过对当归补血汤主要色谱峰进行归属发现,其色谱峰基本均来自各单味药材,在本实验条件下,未见明显的新化学成分的产生,配方颗粒汤剂较传统汤剂有成分的消失。结论当归补血汤传统汤剂与配方颗粒汤剂相比,传统汤剂无论在指标成分的含量还是特征图谱中色谱峰的数量上均高于配方颗粒汤剂,两者存在一定的差异。这表明配方颗粒标识的临床当量与汤剂实际不符,应对中药配方颗粒的临床推荐当量进行校正,促进临床合理应用;同时也为国家中药配方颗粒质量的统一化管理提供科学的研究思路。     

不同生产厂家赤芍配方颗粒中单萜苷类化合物含量比较

目的比较不同厂家生产的赤芍配方颗粒中单萜苷类化合物(吡啶芍药苷、牡丹皮苷F、氧化白芍苷、氧化芍药苷、10-羟基芍药苷、白芍苷、芍药苷、oxypaeonidanin、4-甲氧基-氧化芍药苷、没食子酰基芍药苷、4-甲氧基芍药苷、白芍苷R_1、paeonidanin、苯甲酰氧化芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷)的含量差异,为制定统一的质量标准奠定基础。方法采用Zorbax SB-Aq C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈和磷酸二氢钾缓冲盐(pH 2.8)溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长260 nm。结果芍药苷、白芍苷和氧化芍药苷是赤芍配方颗粒中含量最高的3种单萜苷类化合物,且不同厂家生产的赤芍配方颗粒中主要单萜苷类化合物的含量差异较大。样品CSPFKL-KRT中芍药苷和氧化芍药苷的含量最高,样品中质量分数分别为73.214mg/g和16.935mg/g,白芍苷的质量分数最低,为2.343mg/g。而样品CSPFKL-XLS中芍药苷和氧化芍药苷的质量分数最低,样品中分别为26.327 mg/g和4.165 mg/g,白芍苷的质量分数最高18.893 mg/g。结论不同厂家生产的赤芍配方颗粒中主要单萜苷类化合物的含量差异较大,可能会对临床应用产生影响。建立统一的质量标准对于赤芍配方颗粒的质量控制具有重要作用。     

心衰宁颗粒对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌组织转化生长因子β1的影响

目的:探讨心衰宁颗粒对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)表达的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、卡托普利组、心衰宁大、中、小剂量组,除正常组外,其余组采用阿霉素腹腔注射制作慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型,正常组注射等量生理盐水,每周1次,造模6周结束后,分别给予药物干预,正常组及模型组给予生理盐水,干预3周。干预结束后,超声心动图检测心功能,大鼠血清学检测pro BNP、TGFβ1水平;qRT-PCR、Western blot检测检测TGFβ1基因及蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)明显增加(P0.01),左室射血分数(LVEF)降低(P0.01),血清TGF-β1、pro BNP明显升高(P0.01),TGF-β1基因及蛋白表达较正常组明显升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,心衰宁颗粒中、大剂量组能降低LVEDD、LVESD(P0.05),提高慢性心衰大鼠LVEF(P0.01),降低血清TGF-β1、pro BNP水平(P0.01),降低TGF-β1基因及蛋白表达水平(P0.05)。结论:心衰宁颗粒具有改善心功能,干预心肌重塑、抗心肌纤维化作用,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β1水平有关。     

中药配方颗粒和传统中药饮片调剂方式的应用对比分析

目的：对传统中药饮片调剂方式与中药配方颗粒调剂方式进行应用分析比较,优化调剂方法。方法统计并分析本院传统中药饮片与中药配方颗粒的使用数据(调剂出错率、处方数等),并随机抽取180例于该院就诊的患者及12名在该院从事配药的工作人员进行问卷调查,在患者选择和工作人员选择等方面对传统中药饮片调剂方式与中药配方颗粒调剂方式进行对比分析。结果与传统中药饮片调剂方式相比,中药配方颗粒调剂方式在出错率、取药方便程度、药品剂量准确度、卫生、食用方便程度、携带存储及提高工作效率、降低工作强度、减少药物浪费等方面具有显著优势（P<0.01）。结论中药配方颗粒调剂方式具有明显优势,但还存在许多不足,需要中医药工作者的不断完善与改进,发挥中医药优势。     

E2F1 is not essential for apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule neurons

Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) undergo apoptosis when deprived of depolarizing concentration of potassium. A key regulator of cell cycle, E2F1, was believed to play a role in CGN apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation. However, here we demonstrated that although E2F1 was upregulated in wild type CGNs following potassium deprivation, CGNs that derived from E2F1 knockout mice underwent apoptosis at a similar rate as the wild type. Analysis of the apoptotic neurons revealed no difference in the activation of caspase-3 in E2F1 null and wild type CGNs. Furthermore, knockdown of E2F1 expression by RNA interference failed to attenuate the apoptosis of CGNs induced by potassium deprivation. Taken together, our results suggested that E2F1 is not essential for apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation in CGNs.