High prevalence of obesity among nursing personnel working in tertiary care hospital

Aim

To find out the prevalence of obesity and glucose intolerance among nurses working in tertiary care hospital.

P-R段明显下斜对运动试验假阳性的预测作用

目的探讨下壁导联P-R段明显下斜与运动试验假阳性的关系。方法比较76例运动试验阳性经冠状动脉造影确诊为真阳性组57例、假阳性组19例的运动试验参数。结果假阳性组有较长的运动总时间(389±112s∶287±95s,P<0.01),达到较大的代谢当量(7.9±1.9mets∶6.6±1.5mets,P<0.01),ST段压低≥1mm时间延长(284±140s:192±97s,P<0.01),运动中较少诱发胸痛及至少2个下壁导联P-R段明显下斜的比例较高(74%∶20%,P<0.01),若以运动总时间≥300s、至少2个下壁导联P-R段明显下斜判断运动试验假阳性,其敏感性为63%,特异性为91%,预测价值为88%。结论运动总时间≥300s、至少2个下壁导联P-R段明显下斜对运动试验假阳性的判断有较高的特异性。     

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled study using insulin hypoglycemia stress test

Aim: To study the response of cortisol to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: We measured the response of cortisol to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia (0.15 µ/kg) in 10 patients (6 female, 4 male) with active RA and 10 (6 female, 4 male) healthy controls. All patients had never received glucocorticoids before the study. The cortisol concentration was assessed by radioimmunoassay. Results: The mean age was 47.3 years (± 14.2 years) in patients and 43.5 years (± 10.6 years) in control subjects. The mean disease duration was 66.3 months (range 12–120). The basal serum levels of cortisol in patients with RA were not significantly different from those of controls. Although the mean serum cortisol levels after insulin‐induced hypoglycemia were lower in patients with RA than controls in all samples, the significant difference was seen only in the samples 60 min after insulin injection (18.59 vs. 24.28 µg/dL, P = 0.041). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that active RA is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary‐adrenal axis.     

术前、术中肺通气功能与术后呼吸衰竭的关系

目的探讨机械通气时呼吸力学与术前肺功能的关系．确定术前通气功能参数能否预测术后呼吸衰竭。方法择期行肺切除术的原发性肺癌病人100例．ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级，术前测定肺功能：一秒用力呼气容量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、一秒用力呼气量与用力肺活量之比（FEV1／FVC％）、最大肺活量（VC）、最大通气量（MVV）、75％肺活量位用力呼气流速（FEh）、最大中期呼气流速（MMEFm）、功能残气量（FRC）、残气量与肺总量之比（RV/TLC％）；测定脉冲震荡肺功能：共振频率（Fres）、呼吸总阻抗（Zres）、中心阻力（Rc）、5Hz和20Hz时粘性阻力（R5、R30）。分别记录插管后机械通气初始和开胸单肺通气后双肺气道峰压（Tpeak）、双肺胸肺顺应性（TCT）和单肺气道峰压（Opeak）、单肺胸肺顺应性（OCT），取其平均值。Opeak和OCT与身高、体重及肺功能的关系采用多元逐步回归。一般情况和肺功能与术后呼吸衰竭的关系采用非条件Logistic回归分析。根据术后是否发生呼吸衰竭分为2组：呼吸衰竭组（RF）和非呼吸衰竭组（NRF）。结果Opeak与Zres、身高、体重和FEF。呈线性关系（R2=0．504），OCT与Zres、身高、VC和RVfrLC％呈线性关系（R^2=0.602）。与NRF组比较，RF组FEV1、FVC、FEV1／FVC％、MVV、MMEFw均降低（P〈0．01）。年龄≥60岁的老年患者FEV1≤60％、FEV1／FVC≤60％、MVV≤50％、MMEn％≤35％时，RF组术后呼吸衰竭发生率高于NRF组（P〈0．05）。Logistic回归表明．年龄和MVV是术后呼吸衰竭的两个主要影响因素。结论术中单肺通气时的气道峰压和胸肺顺应性分别与身高、体重和术前肺功能呈线性相关。中度肺功能减退的老年患者行胸科手术后发生呼吸衰竭的风险性大：年龄和MVV是术后呼吸衰竭的两个主要影响因素。     

Sleepiness, Troika of Consciousness Cycle, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is an important indicator when diagnosing sleep-disordered breathing and evaluating its treatment results. However, there appears to be some confusion as to what exactly is sleepiness; Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary does not help. The medical literature was reviewed in order to assemble a schematic model that would suggest a definition of sleepiness and how it can be measured. The derived model is entitled the troika of consciousness cycle (TCC). It assumes that the presence of wakefulness, nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is determined by the interactions of four drives: two promoting wakefulness and one each for the two sleep states. The TCC illustrates that inadequate sleep results in sleep debt, but that sleepiness is determined solely by the nearness of the secondary wake drive line to the NREMS drive line. Contact of these lines indicates dozing, a change in consciousness state, an observable event. The probability of this event may be defined as objective sleepiness; this is what the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) attempts to measure. Studies indicate that the ESS can determine EDS with greater sensitivity and selectivity than either the multiple sleep latency test or the maintenance of wakefulness test.     

二维多普勒超声对中年和老年人高血压性左室肥厚的比较研究

应用二维多普勒超声对36例中年和54例老年人的高血压性在室肥厚（LVH）及心功能状态进行分析比较。结果：中年组LVH类型：不对称性室间隔肥厚(ASH）占40%,对称性肥厚（CH）46％。扩张性肥厚（DH）占14％；老年组：ASH23%，CH26％，DH51％。将中年组和老年组分别同正常对照组比较，除中年组LVDd、LVV、EF及CO差异无显著性外，其余各指标差异均有显著性（P＜0.01或P＜0.O01）。中年组和老年组比较，E峰和A／E比值差异无显著性，其余各指标差异有显著性（P＜0.05或P＜0.O01）。结论认为在左室肥厚早期，左室充盈功能降低，左房增大，左房代偿性收缩增强，向左室泵血增多，以维持恒定的房室压差弥补左室充盈不足，左室收缩功能可表现为正常；在LVH晚期，失代偿后左室收缩及舒张功能均降低。     

不明原因晕厥患者在直立倾斜试验中血流动力学反应模式的研究

目的 探讨不明原因晕厥患者在直立倾斜试验中血流动力学反应模式及构成比例，方法 190例不明原因晕厥患者在安静环境下空腹进行直立倾斜试验。持续监测心电和血压，观察其血压、心率变化，结果 190例不明原因晕厥患者在直立倾斜试验中，经典血管迷走反应者106例（55.8%)，其中混合型12例（6.3%)，心脏抑制型4例（2.1%)，血管减压型90例（47.4%)，正常直立反应者56例（29.4%)，自主神经障碍型10例（5.3%)，体位性心动过速型4例（2.1%)，心脏变时功能障碍型8例（4.2%)，直立性低血压者6例（3.2%)。结论 不明原因晕厥患者在真诚立倾斜试验中以经典血管迷走反应为主，但还存在其他4种异常的血流动力学变化。     

胃大部切除术后患者幽门螺杆菌感染诊断方法的评估

目的：评估胃大部切除术后患者中幽门螺杆菌(Hp）感染状态和两种常用诊断方法（^14C-尿素呼气试验、快速尿素酶试验）的准确性，方法：用培养、组织学、^14C-尿素呼气试验（^14C-UBT)和 快速尿素酶试验（RUT）四种方法同时对胃大部切除术后患者进行Hp感染的诊断，以培养和组织学联合诊断作为“金标准”，评估^14C-UBT和RUT的准确性，以非手术者作对照，评估胃大部切除术患者的Hp感染率。结果：37例胃大部切除术后患者（Billroth Ⅰ或17例和BillrothⅡ式20例）的Hp总阳性率为29．7％，BillrothⅠ式（29．4％）和Ⅱ式（30．0％）患者间Hp阳性率差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。RUT敏感性为72．7％，特异性为57．7％，准确性为62．2％，^14C-UBT敏感性为63．6％，特异性为100．0％，阴性预示值86．7％，。对照组Hp阳性率为71．4％。结论：胃大部切除术后患者Hp感染率低，RUT特异性低，^14C-UBT敏感性低，因此均不适用于胃大部切除术后患者Hp感染的诊断。     

Relationship between insulin resistance and accumulation of coronary risk factors

We examined correlations between the frequency of insulin resistance and the accumulation of coronary risk factors in residents of rural comities in Japanese, using simple criteria for determination of insulin resistance based on evaluation by the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp (GC) method. The subjects were 376 men and 589 women living in two rural communities in Japan. We measured body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R). Correlations between HOMA-R and those parameters were examined. To assess the existence of insulin resistance in these subjects, we used a practical index based on the GC method. The subjects with value of HOMA-R ≥ 1.73 have insulin resistance. In addition, the HOMA-R was divided into five quantiles based on the frequency distribution (0.60 or below, from 0.61 to 0.82, from 0.83 to 1.18, from 1.19 to 1.69, and 1.70 or higher), to examine the concentration of risk factors in each group. In total, 74 (19.6%) of the men and 119 (20.3%) of the women had insulin resistance (HOMA-R ≥ 1.73). It was found that the higher the HOMA-R, the higher was the number of coronary risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia and hypo HDL cholesterolaemia. The number of coronary risk factors was particular high in subjects with HOMA-R ≥ 1.70. HOMA-R in the case of no glucose loading is a useful and practical index for evaluation of insulin resistance and coronary risk factors in the epidemiological study.     

A better method for confirming <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis> infection in Mongolian gerbils

Background. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of the stool antigen test and the optimal time point for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection in a Mongolian gerbil model. Methods. We inoculated 8-week-old Mongolian gerbils with H. pylori (Vac A (+)/CagA(+)). The gerbil-infected model was developed as follows: H. pylori was put into broth (about 10⁹ CFU/ml), and 50 gerbils were then fed with 1 ml intragastrically twice within a 3-day interval. Another ten gerbils were fed broth only. Twenty-six weeks after the inoculation, the gerbils were killed. The gastric mucosa was sampled for a series of examinations including culture, histology, rapid urease test, and polymerase chain reaction. Stool samples for a stool antigen test, H. pylori-specific stool antigen assay (HpSA), were collected during weeks 4, 6, 8, 12, and 26 after inoculation. Of the 50 gerbils inoculated with H. pylori, the inoculation was successful in 88%. Severe active gastritis, ulceration, and intestinal metaplasia were obvious. Results. The HpSA test results were sensitivity, 88.6%; specificity, 100%; positive predictive value (PPV), 100%; negative predictive value (NPV), 54.5%, and accuracy, 90%. The HpSA test began to be more sensitive and accurate (P < 0.05) beginning during week 6 after inoculation. We also found that H. pylori could be detected earlier and more easily in the group with high H. pylori density. Conclusions. HpSA seems to be suitable for confirming colonization of gerbils with H. pylori. The optimal testing time point is around 6 weeks after inoculation. This test is a good choice for long-term observation of H. pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils.