Vocal singing by prelingually-deafened children with cochlear implants

The coarse pitch information in cochlear implants might hinder the development of singing in prelingually-deafened pediatric users. In the present study, seven prelingually-deafened children with cochlear implants (5.4–12.3 years old) sang one song that was the most familiar to him or her. The control group consisted of 14 normal-hearing children (4.1–8.0 years old). The fundamental frequencies (F0) of each note in the recorded songs were extracted. The following five metrics were computed based on the reference music scores: (1) F0 contour direction of the adjacent notes, (2) F0 compression ratio of the entire song, (3) mean deviation of the normalized F0 across the notes, (4) mean deviation of the pitch intervals, and (5) standard deviation of the note duration differences. Children with cochlear implants showed significantly poorer performance in the pitch-based assessments than the normal-hearing children. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in the rhythm-based measure. Prelingually-deafened children with cochlear implants have significant deficits in singing due to their inability to manipulate pitch in the correct directions and to produce accurate pitch height. Future studies with a large sample size are warranted in order to account for the large variability in singing performance.     

喉米枯力兹(Mikulicz)病1例

<正>米枯力兹病最早于1888年由米枯力兹(Mikulicz)描述,表现为泪腺、腮腺和颌下腺两侧性肿大,当时认为是一种慢性感染,目前一般将此病称为良性淋巴上皮性病变。此病发生于耳鼻咽喉科实属少见,而发生于喉部更为罕见。2010年1月,我们收治喉米枯力兹病患者1例,报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料患者男,34岁。持续性声嘶1年,加重1周,于2010年1月27日入院。查体示,全身     

单侧喉返神经麻痹声学指标的研究

为了探讨单侧喉返神经麻痹的嗓音声学指标的客观变化，要用Dr．SpeechScienceforWin－dows计算机机应用软件对14例单侧喉返神经麻痹的患者进行嗓音测试分析，并与正常嗓音及声带息肉等病理嗓音进行比较。结果：振幅微扰、基频微扰和声门噪声、谐噪比值均比正常噪音高，差异有显著性意义，进一步了解喉返神经麻痹的声学特点。为临床提供声音嘶哑的客观指标。该噪音分析技术在噪音学科的科研临床应用等方面具有一定的价值。     

表面麻醉联合静脉浅全麻在支撑喉镜声带手术中的应用

目的:观察表面麻醉加静脉浅全麻在支撑喉镜手术中的效果。方法:择期ASAⅠ级声带息肉或小结摘除术60例,随机分成全麻组和表面麻醉联合静脉浅全麻组,每组30例。比较两组术中血流动力学变化和呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间以及手术条件评分。结果:全麻组的收缩压(SBP)和心率(HR)在插管后、支撑喉镜置入后以及拔管后均分别较插管前、支撑喉镜置入前以及拔管前明显升高(P<0.01);在插管后、支撑喉镜置入后和拔管后3个时间点,全麻组的SBP和HR显著高于联合组(P<0.05);联合组的呼吸恢复时间和拔管时间明显短于全麻组(P<0.01)。结论:表面麻醉联合静脉浅全麻能够获得较好手术条件,具有良好的咽喉反射抑制作用,平稳的血流动力学,苏醒拔管快等优点。     

颈袢主支吻合术治疗单侧声带麻痹的临床观察

采用颈袢主支与喉返神经内收肌支吻合术治疗单侧声带麻痹７例。结果表明，声音恢复满意，术后声学三参数频率微扰、振幅微扰及标化嗓音能量均明显减小，平均值均在正常范围之内；喉镜检查发现术侧声带均有不同程度的内移，其中３例恢复至正中位；喉肌电图显示，发育及喉括约活动时术侧喉内收肌恢复与健侧基本同步的密集型强放电，证明术侧喉内收肌获得颈袢主支有效的神经再支配。提示该术是治疗单侧声带麻痹一种理想方法。     

Ocular contusion caused by elastic cords: a retrospective analysis using the Erlangen Ocular Contusion Registry

Purpose: Elastic cords are common tools to secure luggage to the roof of motor vehicles or the carrier of bicycles. In comparison with other variants of ocular contusion, patients with elastic cord injuries appear to suffer more severe ocular damage. Methods: The charts of 398 consecutive patients of the Erlangen Ocular Contusion Registry who had been hospitalized for ocular contusion over a 10‐year period were retrospectively reviewed. The acute clinical findings of 23 patients with elastic cord injury were compared with 375 patients with other contusions. Open globe injuries were excluded. Results: A total of 5.8% of the patients were injured by elastic cords; their mean age was 36.6 ± 17.0 years (range 8?66; median 34 years). The following morphological changes were documented in elastic cord injuries versus other ocular contusions: hyphema 100% versus 75%; angle recession 92% versus 72%; iridodialysis 17% versus 9%; traumatic cataract 14% versus 10%; lens dislocation 38% versus 13%; choroidal rupture 19% versus 6%; peripheral Berlin's oedema 57% versus 35%; and central Berlin's oedema 29% versus 12%. The difference of the incidence was significant for lens dislocation (P < 0.01), choroidal rupture (P = 0.024), and central (P = 0.029) and peripheral Berlin's oedema (P = 0.043). The final visual outcome was lower in patients with elastic cords injuries (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Elastic cord injuries induce more severe ocular damage than most other contusions. The elastic cords producing industry is called on to develop safer luggage fixation systems and warn against the potential harmful consequences of injury to the eye.     

Efferent subcortical projections of the laryngeal motorcortex in the rhesus monkey

In order to better understand the descending voluntary vocal control pathway, the efferent subcortical projections of the laryngeal motorcortex were studied in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). For this purpose, the left motorcortex was exposed in three animals under narcosis. By electrical brain stimulation, sites were identified yielding vocal fold adduction. Effective sites were injected with the anterograde tracer biotin dextran amine. Subcortical projections could be traced within the forebrain to the putamen, caudate nucleus, claustrum, zona incerta, field H of Forel and a number of thalamic nuclei, with the heaviest projections to the nuclei ventralis lateralis, ventralis posteromedialis, including its parvocellular part, medialis dorsalis, centralis medialis, centrum medianum and reuniens. In the midbrain, labeling was found in the deep mesencephalic nucleus. In the lower brainstem, fibers terminated in the pontine and medullary reticular formation, locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, medial parabrachial nucleus, nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract, solitary tract nucleus and facial nucleus. No projections were found to the nucl. ambiguus. The fact that monkeys, in contrast to humans, lack a direct connection of the motorcortex with the laryngeal motoneurons suggests that this connection has evolved in the last few million years and might represent one of the factors that made speech evolution possible.     

喉显微手术及中西医结合治疗喉癌前病变临床观察

目的对比观察喉癌前病变显微手术及中西医结合疗法的疗效. 方法 33例喉癌前病变(声带白斑18例,声带角化症15例)随机分为中西医结合组(声带白斑10例,声带角化症7例)和西医对照组(声带白斑8例,声带角化症8例).对照组治疗方法为喉显微手术及术后使用抗生素;中西医结合治疗组为手术治疗加术后口服自拟中药汤剂. 结果中西医结合治疗组病变复发率为0%(0/17),单纯西医治疗对照组病变复发率为25.0%(4/16),差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);治疗组喉显微术后声带黏膜及发音功能恢复正常时间平均为15.87±4.93天,对照组为26.56±13.08天,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01). 结论中西医结合治疗喉癌前病变不仅创伤较小,且术后声带结构及功能恢复较快、原病变不易复发.     

几丁糖预防CO2激光声带切除术后声带粘连短期观察的实验研究

Objective To observe the effect of immediate topical application of chitosan on preventing anterior giottic stenosis (AGS) after microsurgical resection of both vocal fold with CO<,2> laser , including the anterior commissure, in a canine model. Methods Sixteen canine larynges were injured by microresecting procedure of both vocal folds with CO<,2> laser. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups, chitosan group and control group. The chitosan and isotonic sodium chloride solution(control) were used for 5 minutes immediately after surgery. One week after the initial surgery, three dogs in each group were randomly selected , ultrastructure of fibroblast were examined with transmission electronic microscope and expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and traansforming growth factor betal (TGF-β1) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Three weeks after surgery, the rest dogs' glottic web were lysed and repeatedly treated with chitosan and isotonic sodium chloride solution respectively. The glottic wound healing and AGS formation were examined every week, and all larynges were harvested and examined histologically six weeks after the initial surgery. Results Transmission electronic microscope examination of the ultrasmcture of fibroblast indicated that chitosan inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast. Chitosan increased the expression of bFGF and TGF-β1, and bFGF and TGF-β1 in chitosan group, which was significantly higher than that in control group (z = -2.887 and -2.005, P =0.002 and 0.041). Chitosan decreased the extent of AGS formation. Three weeks after the surgery, the AGS lesion in the control group affected mean 49% of the length of the vocal folds from the anterior commissure to the vocal process, while chitosan group affected mean 7%, which was significantly less than the extent of web formation in the control group, (z = - 2. 619, P = 0. 008). The grade of collagen content in chitosan group was significantly lower than that in control group (P = 0. 003). Conclusion Chitosan is effective in preventing AGS after CO<,2> laser cordectomy.