Chromosome analysis of human refrozen embryos following fluorescence in situ hybridization

Purpose  Several recent reports have discussed refrozen and thawed embryo transfer; however, the process may cause a degree of chromosomal damage and subtle genomic mutation. In view of this possibility, the purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of aneuploidy in refrozen embryos. Methods  In order to investigate the incidence of aneuploidy and mosaicism observed in chromosome 1, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used on surviving embryos that first underwent one freeze-thaw cycle, then were allowed to develop to the blastocyst stage, and subsequently survived a second freeze-thaw cycle. Results  Of 1,132 blastomeric nuclei analyzed from 15 refrozen embryos, disomy was found in 82.9%. In contrast, for the 11 blastocysts subjected to only one freeze-thaw cycle, disomy was noted in 78.4%. Of the 197 blastomeric nuclei analyzed in all arrested embryos, disomy was found in 51.8%. Conclusions  The refreezing process did not increase aneuploidy. The good and fair morphology groups demonstrated a higher percentage of disomy than the poor morphology group regardless of whether they were frozen once or twice.     

玻璃化冷冻方法中冷冻保护剂及制冷速度对家兔卵母细胞纺锤体的影响

目的:探讨玻璃化冷冻方法中冷冻保护剂及制冷速度对家兔第二次减数分裂中期卵母细胞纺锤体的影响.方法:以冷冻环为载体,单用乙二醇(ethylene glycol,EG)或乙二醇与二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulphoxide,DMSO)联合作冷冻保护剂,用直投液氮或使用玻璃化冷冻仪高速制冷冷冻家兔卵母细胞;解冻2 h后固定并免疫荧光法染色纺锤丝及染色体;用共聚焦扫描显微镜观察纺锤体形态.结果:在单用EG以及EG和DMSO联合直投液氮的方案中,纺锤体损伤较严重,但在EG和DMSO联合应用并采用玻璃化冷冻仪提高制冷速度的方案中,纺锤体形态正常的比例与对照组相似.结论:玻璃化冷冻方法中采用冷冻保护剂联合及采用玻璃化冷冻仪高速制冷对保持解冻后家兔卵母细胞纺锤体形态效果最好.     

不同冷冻方案对人早期胚胎发育潜能的影响

目的:比较开放式、封闭式玻璃化冷冻技术及程序化慢速冷冻法对辅助生殖技术人早期胚胎冷冻复苏的效果.方法:回顾性分析622例胚胎冷冻复苏资料,将体外受精-胚胎移植(ⅣF-ET)患者第3天需要冷冻的胚胎,分别采用开放式、封闭式麦管玻璃化法及程序化慢速冷冻法冷冻,比较3组胚胎复苏率、空泡出现率、胚胎完整率、植入率、临床妊娠率、周期取消率、胚胎丢失率及流产率.结果:开放式冻存组共复苏280个周期、627个胚胎,胚胎复苏率、胚胎完整率、植入率和临床妊娠率分别为97.13％、94.89％、28.90％、52.61％,与程序化冷冻组(复苏165个周期、477个胚胎)胚胎复苏率(73.79％)、胚胎完整率(70.02％)、植入率(16.75％)和临床妊娠率(35.44％)相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与封闭式冻存组(复苏177个周期、400个胚胎)相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3种冷冻组空泡出现率、周期取消率、胚胎丢失率及流产率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:两种玻璃化冷冻法能获得同样的冷冻效率,且均优于程序化冷冻法;封闭式麦管玻璃化法能更好地保存胚胎复苏后的发育潜能,是冻存人早期胚胎较为理想的方法.     

小鼠卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻的初步研究

目的建立一种有效的卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻方法。方法采用乙二醇和蔗糖两步法、小鼠卵巢组织经5m in、10m in、15m in 3种不同的预平衡时间处理,在玻璃化溶液中暴露相同的时间后直接投入液氮进行玻璃化冷冻。复苏后与新鲜的卵巢组织均进行HE染色、提取DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳。结果玻璃化冷冻复苏后,预平衡时间为10m in的实验组小鼠卵巢组织中的卵泡保持了较好的形态结构。提取DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,各实验组与新鲜对照组的结果相似。结论采用乙二醇和蔗糖两步法、预平衡为10m in、直接投入液氮的玻璃化冷冻方法可能是一种有效的卵巢组织片冷冻保存方法。该玻璃化冷冻方法没有造成细胞DNA的损伤。     

The outcomes of human blastocyst cryopreservation:vitrification using cryoloop versus slow-freezing method

<正> Objective:To compare the outcomes of vitrification using cryoloop with slow-freezing meth-od for human blastocyst cryopreservation.Methods:In IVF-ET cycles,supernumerary embryos were cultured to Day 5 or Day 6,blas-tocysts were cryopreserved by vitrification using cryoloops or slow-freezing method,then blasto-cyst survival rate and pregnant rate were compared.Results:115 vitrified blastocysts from 39 cycles were warmed,104(90.4%)blastocysts sur-vived.After the transfer of 74 blastocysts in 38 cycles,28(73.7%)women got clinically preg-nant,2(7.1%)of them suffered from miscarriage,2 healthy babies were born in 2 deliveries,and the other 24 pregnancies are ongoing.As to slow-freezing method,87 blastocysts from 21 cy-cles were thawed,37(42.5%)of them survived,28 blastoeysts were transferred in 15 cycles,6(40%)women got clinically pregnant,1 of them miscarried,3 healthy babies were born in 2 de-liveries,and the other 3 pregnancies are ongoing.Conclusion:The survival rate and pregnant rate of vitrification using cryoloop are superior totraditional slow-freezing method,and the transfer cancel rate is lower than that of slow-freezingmethod.The miscarriage rate is similar in two methods.     

三种玻璃化液对新生大鼠卵巢玻璃化冷冻效果的比较

目的 比较三种玻璃化液低温冻存新生大鼠卵巢的效果,为人卵巢组织冷冻的保护剂选择提供实验依据.方法 将36只出生1d的大鼠卵巢进行玻璃化冷冻,卵巢标本随机分为4组,新鲜对照组和EFS40、EG5.5、改良的EG5.5/30液冷冻实验组.分别通过光镜组织结构观察、荧光活力检测、TUNEL实验和免疫组织化学分析进行冷冻效果的比较.结果 EFS40、EG5.5、改良的EG5.5/30组冻融后存活卵泡的百分率低于新鲜对照组(P＜0.05);三种玻璃化液冷冻实验组卵泡凋亡率均高于新鲜对照组(P＜0.05);EFS40和EG5.5组,卵泡内Bcl-2阳性表达率较新鲜对照组下降(P＜0.05),Bax阳性表达率则较新鲜对照组上升(P＜0.05);改良的EG5.5/30组Bcl-2、Bax阳性表达率趋势与EFS40、EG5.5组相同,但均与新鲜对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与EFS40、EG5.5液相比,改良的EG5.5/30液更适合新生大鼠卵巢的玻璃化冻存.     

人类卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻及复苏后形态学及组织增殖活性观察

目的 探讨玻璃化冷冻对成人卵巢组织中原始卵泡与初级卵泡的形态学及细胞增殖状态的影响.方法 采用液氮直接覆盖玻璃化冷冻(direct cover vitrification,DCV)方法冻存成人卵巢组织块,液氮保存2周后复苏组织.观察和比较冻融前后人卵巢组织中原始卵泡与初级卵泡组织形态学改变;免疫组化染色测定经体外培养48 h后新鲜和冻融卵巢组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况.结果 冻融前后人卵巢组织内原始卵泡和初级卵泡分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);新鲜卵巢组织中,形态异常的原始卵泡比例与初级卵泡比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),冻融卵巢组织中,形态异常的原始卵泡比例低于形态异常的初级卵泡比例(P<0.05);新鲜组、新鲜及冻融后培养组均有PCNA的阳性表达,PCNA 阳性表达可见于中间型卵泡和初级卵泡的卵母细胞和颗粒细胞、卵巢组织间质细胞.结论 利用DCV方法对人卵巢组织进行冻存能够保存原始卵泡和初级卵泡,冻融过程对原始卵泡和初级卵泡形态结构都可能造成一定程度的损伤,冻融后组织内卵泡有体外生长发育的潜力.     

玻璃化冷冻囊胚复苏移植与新鲜胚胎移植的围产期状况比较

目的比较体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗中玻璃化冷冻囊胚复苏移植与新鲜胚胎移植的围产期状况。方法回顾性分析2005年5月至2007年11月经我院生殖中心实施玻璃化冷冻囊胚复苏移植术后妊娠分娩132例（A组）的围产结局,以同期IVF-ET新鲜卵裂球期胚胎移植250例（B组）的围产期状况作为对照。比较两组的早产率、双胎出生率、剖宫产率、新生儿男女性别比;另外对两组单、双胎妊娠的新生儿胎龄、出生体重、身长、新生儿窒息、新生儿出生缺陷及新生儿死亡的发生率等进行比较。结果A组132例共分娩163个新生儿,男女性别比为1．26：1;B组250例分娩332个新生儿,男女性别比为0．91：1;两组比较无统计学差异（P〉O．05）。单胎新生儿分析：A组单胎新生儿共有101个,平均胎龄为（277．4±15．1）d,平均体重和身长分别为（3,377．1±580．0）g和（49．9±2．6）cm;B组单胎新生儿共有165个。平均胎龄为（273．4±17．7）d,平均体重和身长分别为（3,257．9±542．6）g和（49．3±2．8）cm;两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。巨大儿出生率A组（15．8%）显著高于B组（7.3％）（P〈0．05）;两组低体重出生率、极低体重出生率、新生儿窒息率、新生儿出生缺陷和新生儿死亡率比较无统计学差异（P〉O．05）。双胎新生儿分析：A组和B组中双胎分别有62个和168个新生儿,两组的新生儿平均胎龄、平均体重和身长,分别为（266．7±15．1）d和（258．9±17．8）d;（2.643．6±642．6）g和（2.468．6±501．7）g;（47．7±2．7）cm和（46．8±3．1）cm;低体重出生率分别为21％和37．1％,两组比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。两组双胎新生儿的极低体重、巨大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿出生缺陷及死亡率之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论玻璃化冷冻囊胚复苏移植后妊娠分     

Use of the natural cycle and vitrification thawed blastocyst transfer results in better in-vitro fertilization outcomes

Purpose  

To compare the IVF outcomes of vitrification-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles utilizing different endometrial preparation methods.     

Comparison of two different media for vitrification and rewarming of human zygotes: Prospective randomized study

Vitrification has been successfully used for cryopreservation of human oocytes, zygotes and embryos. There are various media which contain different combinations and concentrations of cryoprotectants for this technique. In this prospective randomized study, two different vitrification and warming media were compared in human zygotes’ cryopreservation.