诱导型一氧化氮合酶在实验性病毒性心肌炎心肌内的表达及其与心肌损害的关系

目的 探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶（ｉＮＯＳ）在急性病毒性心肌炎心肌内的表达及其与心肌损害的关系。方法 ６～８周龄ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ雄性小鼠２４只,随机分两组：感染组１６只以柯萨奇病毒Ｂ３ｍ（ＣＶＢ３ｍ）腹腔内注射,另８只为正常对照组。采用免疫组化法检测两组小鼠心肌组织内ｉＮＯＳ表达,并将其半定量与心肌病理变化程度进行相关分析,用比色法测定了血清中ＮＯ间接含量。结果 ①感染组小鼠心肌标本病理组织学检查均有不同     

The diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for Ebola virus disease: a systematic review

BackgroundEbola virus disease (EVD) is a dangerous condition that can cause an epidemic. Several rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been developed to diagnose EVD. These RDTs promise to be quicker and easier to use than the current reference standard diagnostic test, PCR.ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs for EVD.MethodsA systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies.Data sourcesThe following bibliographic databases were searched from inception to present: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO Global Index Medicus database, Web of Science, PROSPERO register of Systematic Reviews, and Clinical Trials.Gov.Study eligibility criteriaDiagnostic accuracy studies.ParticipantsPatients presenting to the Ebola treatment units with symptoms of EVD.InterventionsRDTs; reference standard, RT-PCR.Assessment of risk of biasQuality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool.Methods of data synthesisSummary estimates of diagnostic accuracy study were produced for each device type. Subgroup analyses were performed for RDT type and specimen material. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of trial design and bias.ResultsWe included 15 diagnostic accuracy studies. The summary estimate of sensitivity for lateral flow assays was 86.1% (95% CI, 86–86.2%), with specificity of 97% (95% CI, 96.1–97.9%). The summary estimate for rapid PCR devices was sensitivity of 96.2% (95% CI, 95.3–97.9%), with a specificity of 96.8% (95% CI, 95.3–97.9%). Pre-specified subgroup analyses demonstrated that RDTs were effective on a range of specimen material. Overall, the risk of bias throughout the included studies was low, but it was high in patient selection and uncertain in the flow and timing domains.ConclusionsRDTs possess both high sensitivity and specificity compared with RT-PCR among symptomatic patients presenting to the Ebola treatment units. Our findings support the use of RDTs as a ‘rule in’ test to expedite treatment and vaccination.     

Cdc7 kinase is required for postnatal brain development

The evolutionally conserved Cdc7 kinase plays crucial roles in initiation of DNA replication as well as in other chromosomal events. To examine the roles of Cdc7 in brain development, we have generated mice carrying Cdc7 knockout in neural stem cells by using Nestin-Cre. The Cdc7^Fl/Fl Nestin^Cre mice were born, but exhibited severe growth retardation and impaired postnatal brain development. These mice exhibited motor dysfunction within 9 days after birth and did not survive for more than 19 days. The cerebral cortical layer formation was impaired, although the cortical cell numbers were not altered in the mutant. In the cerebellum undergoing hypoplasia, granule cells (CGC) decreased in number in Cdc7^{Fl/F l}Nestin^Cre mice compared to the control at E15-18, suggesting that Cdc7 is required for DNA replication and cell proliferation of CGC at mid embryonic stage (before embryonic day 15). On the other hand, the Purkinje cell numbers were not altered but its layer formation was impaired in the mutant. These results indicate differential roles of Cdc7 in DNA replication/cell proliferation in brain. Furthermore, the defects of layer formation suggest a possibility that Cdc7 may play an additional role in cell migration during neural development.     

胎儿先天性心脏病筛查方法的研究

为尽早确诊胎儿先天性心脏病(简称先心病),对200例胎儿进行B超心动图检查,发现心脏异常36例(18%),其中先心病26例(13％)。测定有高危因素的103例孕母血清风疹病毒抗体IgM,10例阳性(9.7％),其中7例胎儿有先心病(70%),其灵敏度为70％,特异度为92.3％,可做为胎儿先心病的筛查方法。两项检查合用,可提高胎儿先心病的诊断水平。同时提示胎儿超声心动图检查中增加卵圆孔直径和血流的评定可作为房间隔缺损的诊断标准。     

一起病毒性心肌炎爆发流行的调查分析

目的：阐明病因和流行因素,为本病的防治提供依据。方法：对疫区环境和人群进行现场流行病学调查,同时采集患者和高危人群的血和粪便等标本用细胞和乳小白鼠进行病原分离和血清中和抗体检测,用原代猴肾细胞进行病毒鉴定。结果：本次流行发病９１人,病死１３人,罹患率为１４８５％;病死率为１４６１％。临床和病理诊断为病毒性心肌炎,流行病学调查结果也符合病毒性心肌炎的流行特点。从患者体内分离到６株柯萨奇Ｂ４病毒,患者和高危人群血清中柯萨奇Ｂ４病毒抗体有升高。结论：本次心肌炎爆发流行是由柯萨奇Ｂ４病毒污染水源引起。     

抗核抗体在甲型病毒性肝炎中的检测

目的:探讨抗核抗体在甲型病毒性肝炎中的检测及意义。方法:用间接免疫荧光法对58例正常献血员和39例甲型病毒性肝炎患者进行抗核抗体(ANA)的检测。结果:甲型肝炎中抗核抗体阳性率为77%(339),3例阳性均为甲肝急性期患者。结论:ANA存在甲型肝炎中,虽阳性率低,仍提示甲型病毒性肝炎中可能存在自身免疫现象     

慢性病毒性肝炎胆囊声像异常与肝组织炎症坏死程度的关系

目的：探讨慢性病毒性肝炎胆囊声像异常与肝组织炎症程度的关系。方法：分析了１１２例慢性肝炎患胆囊壁厚度,光滑度,胆囊大小异常,合并胆囊结石及息肉的发生率,并与肝组织病理炎症坏死程度分级进行比较及相关分析。结果：胆囊声像异常总发生率为５７．１４％,胆囊壁厚在轻、中、重度慢性肝炎相互间比较差异均有显性,与肝脏炎症坏死程度呈显性正相关（ｒ＝０．６７,Ｐ〈０．０００１）。胆囊壁不光滑及胆囊大小异常发生     

Inherent Abnormalities of Fat Cells from Massively Obese Individuals

In vitro investigations into adipose cell dynamics have revealed intrinsic characteristics of massively obese individuals' cells that could contribute to a relatively intractable expanded fat mass. Morbidly corpulent peoples' preadipocytes replicate to a greater degree than those from lean individuals. Coupled with exaggerated differentiation this enhanced growth would result in a greater number of fat cells which would increase adipose tissue mass. The relative resistance to de-differentiation that adipocytes from the massively obese demonstrate would contribute to stability of an increased number of adipocytes further exacerbating the problem. The increased message of an energy sensing protein, the obese gene product, suggests that the morbidly obese are insensitive to its action. Together these attributes provide a strong argument for a significant genetic role in the pathogenesis of obesity.     

Protooncogenes and growth factors associated with normal and abnormal liver growth

Hepatocyte replication during liver regeneration depends on extrinsic (circulating) and intrinsic (intrahepatic) factors. Two important growth factors produced in the regenerating liver are discussed, TGF, an autocrine, stimulatory growth factor, and TGF, a paracrine inhibitory factor. The balance between the activities of these factors is likely to play an important role in regulating hepatocyte proliferation. The experession of some protooncogenes occurs sequentially during the first few hours after partial hepatectomy and is a marker for the entry of hepatocytes into the cell cycle (proliferative competence). As hepatocytes become competent to proliferate, they respond to TGF and other growth factors and enter a proliferative phase. It is possible that TGF1 serves as a stop signal for liver regeneration but the mechanisms by which TGF inhibits hepatocyte DNA synthesis are still unknown.Presented at the Proceedings of the International Meeting on Normal and Neoplastic Growth in Hepatology, Bari, Italy, June 1989.     

利巴韦林颗粒剂对小儿病毒性上呼吸道感染的疗效评价

[目的] 评价利巴韦林颗粒剂(同欣颗粒)对小儿病毒性上呼吸道感染的疗效和安全性。[方法] 将446例病毒性上呼吸道感染儿童随机分为同欣颗粒治疗组(1组)和利巴韦林注射剂(病毒唑注射液)治疗组(Ⅱ组)。Ⅰ组共有病例235例，每日3次口服同欣颗粒，用药剂量为10mg／(kg．d)；Ⅱ组为211例，每日2次肌肉注射病毒哩，剂量为10mg／(kg．d)。用χ2检验评定两组间在疗效和安全性方面的差异。[结果]Ⅰ组有194例为显效，显效率82．6％，不良反应发生率为4．7％；Ⅱ组显效人数为180例，显效率85．3％，不良反应发生率为5．2％。两组在疗效和不良反应方面无显著性差异，P＞0．05。[结论]同欣颗粒在用于治疗小儿病毒性上呼吸道感染时，与病毒唑注射液的疗效和安全性基本相同。