In vitro stimulation by prostate extracts of rat ventral prostate stromal and epithelial cell division

We examined the effect of prostate cell extracts on the replication of highly enriched rat ventral prostate stromal and epithelial cells cultured in RPMI-1640. Extracts from normal rat prostates completely inhibited cell division in both fractions, while a 10% (v/v) extract of Dunning R-3327G adenocarcinoma inhibited replication of stromal cells but permitted that of epithelial cells. The cytotoxic effect of prostate extracts was dialyzable, heat stable, unaffected by proteases, soluble in acid/alcohol, and insoluble in chloroform. These properties are consistent with those of polyamines incubated in the presence of fetal calf serum. Dialyzed extracts from Dunning adenocarcinomas, and from human benign hypertrophic and carcinomatous prostates stimulated rat prostate stromal and epithelial cell division, in keeping with other reports of "growth factors" in prostate tissue. This mitogenic activity was stable to temperature (70 degrees C, 4 hours), and marginally if at all affected by exposure to trypsin or to pronase coupled to Sephadex. Short-term culture of separated prostate cells should provide a useful assay system for detecting putative autocrine or paracrine stromal and/or epithelial cell growth factors and identifying suspected homo- or heterotypic cellular interactions in normal and diseased prostates.     

乙型肝炎病毒相关肾炎临床与病毒血清学特点关联研究

目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染与肾小球肾炎的关系,探讨HBV复制在HBV相关肾炎发病中的作用。方法 对338例经肾穿刺证实的肾炎患者的临床病理和病毒血清学特点进行分析。结果 HBV相关肾炎占肾炎总数的5．3％。在血HBsAg( )的肾炎患者中,HBV相关肾炎发病与HBeAg相关（P＜0．05）,与血清HBV DNA含量（bDNA)显著相关（P＜0．01）。分支链DNA（bDNA)阳性率明显高于HBeAg阳性率（P＜0．05）。结论 bDNA是反映HBV复制的最佳指标。HBV相关肾炎与体内HBV复制程度密切相关,HBV在体内大量复制,可能通过循环中的病毒抗原沉积于肾脏和肾脏中该抗原原位表达而致病。     

Third-generation smallpox vaccine strain-based recombinant vaccines for viral hemorrhagic fevers

Vaccinia virus has been used as a smallpox vaccine. Now that smallpox has been eradicated, the vaccinia virus is expected to be used as a bioterrorism countermeasure and a recombinant vaccine vector for other infectious diseases, such as viral hemorrhagic fevers. Many vaccinia virus strains were used as smallpox vaccines in the smallpox eradication campaign coordinated by the World Health Organization. These strains can be classified into generations, according to the history of improving production methods and efforts to reduce the adverse reactions. Significantly, the third-generation of smallpox vaccine strains, which include modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and LC16m8, are currently popular as recombinant vaccine vectors due to their well-balanced safety and immunogenicity profiles. The present review firstly focuses on the characteristics of the smallpox vaccine generations. The historical background of the development of the third-generation smallpox vaccine strains is detailed, along with the history of the transition of the vaccinia virus generation used as vectors for hemorrhagic fever vaccines to the third generation. Among the vaccinia viruses, MVA is currently the most commonly used vector for developing hemorrhagic fever vaccines, including dengue fever, yellow fever, Ebola viral disease, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. LC16m8 is a vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. The current status and recent advances in the development of these hemorrhagic fever vaccines using third-generation vaccinia strains are discussed.     

Applications of platform technologies in veterinary vaccinology and the benefits for one health

The animal-human interface has played a central role in advances made in vaccinology for the past two centuries. Many traditional veterinary vaccines were developed by growing, attenuating, inactivating and fractioning the pathogen of interest. While such approaches have been very successful, we have reached a point where they have largely been exhausted and alternative approaches are required. Furthermore, although subunit vaccines have enhanced safety profiles and created opportunities for combined discrimination between vaccinated and infected animal (DIVA) approaches, their functionality has largely been limited to diseases that can be controlled by humoral immunity until very recently. We now have a new generation of adjuvants and delivery systems that can elicit CD4 + T cells and/or CD8 +  T cell responses in addition to high-titre antibody responses. We review the current vaccine platform technologies, describe their roles in veterinary vaccinology and discuss how knowledge of their mode of action allows informed decisions on their deployment with wider benefits for One Health.     

Helicase Hmi1 stimulates the synthesis of concatemeric mitochondrial DNA molecules in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Hmi1p is a helicase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for maintenance of the wild-type mitochondrial genome. Disruption of the HMI1 ORF generates ^– and ⁰ cells. Here we demonstrate that, in ^– yeast strains, Hmi1p stimulates the synthesis of long concatemeric mitochondrial DNA molecules associated with a reduction in the number of nucleoids used for mitochondrial DNA packaging. Surprisingly, the ATPase negative mutants of Hmi1p can also stimulate the synthesis of long concatemeric ^– mitochondrial DNA molecules and support the maintenance of the wild-type mitochondrial genome, albeit with reduced efficiency. We show that, in the mutant hmi1–5 background, the wild-type mitochondrial DNA is fragmented; and we propose that, in hmi1 yeast cells, the loss of the wild-type mitochondrial genome is caused by this fragmentation of the mitochondrial DNA.     

病毒性肝炎患者血清IL-6和T细胞亚群的关系

采用ＭＴＴ比色法和抗体致敏的红细胞花环试验（间接法）　检测了９１例病毒性肝炎患者血清ＩＬ－６和Ｔ细胞亚群。　结果显示，病毒性肝炎患者血清ＩＬ－６活性均明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），以重型肝炎为最高；且与肝细胞损害程度呈正比（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＤ４~＋细胞、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８~＋均明显降低，与血清ＩＬ－６呈负相关；ＣＯ８~＋细胞明显增高，与血清ＩＬ－６呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明，血清ＩＬ－６与机体细胞免疫功能密切相关，二者互为因果，共同参与病毒性肝炎的免疫病理损害，可作为判断病情和预后及免疫调节治疗的监测指标。     

北京地区病毒性脑炎患者病原体的分离和初步鉴定

１９９１年夏秋季，我们从４１例北京儿童医院临床诊断为病毒性脑炎（非乙脑）患者的７５份急性期血和／或脑脊液中分离到３３株病毒。对其中１２株进行电镜观察，电镜下均见大小相同的球形病毒颗粒，毒粒的直径约为４４．７８±１．３５ｕｍ，无囊膜，具双层蛋白外壳，视野内多见空心颗粒。超薄切片显示病毒在感染细胞的胞浆内发生，直径约为４７．６±２．３ｕｍ。正常细胞中未见病毒颗粒。对其中３株病毒进行理化性状分析，多次试验均显示该病毒抵抗５＇－碘脱氧尿苷，抵抗乙醚，耐酸，能在地鼠肾ＢＨＫ－２１和白纹伊蚊Ｃ６／３６细胞上增殖并出现细胞病变。该病毒与本室制备的披膜病毒科甲组、乙脑病毒和布尼亚病毒科的组特异性免疫腹水均不反应。脑内接种３日龄乳小白鼠可引起不规律的发病和死亡。上述结果表明，该病毒是一类４５ｕｍ左右、无囊膜、耐酸的ＲＮＡ病毒。     

慢性病毒性肝炎合并巨细胞病毒感染分析

[目的 ]探讨慢性病毒性肝炎合并巨细胞病毒感染对肝功能及病毒复制的影响 .[方法 ]分别检测了 3 2例慢性病毒性肝炎患者抗 巨细胞病毒IgM、乙型肝炎病毒血清学标志、抗 丙型病毒性肝炎抗体及生物化学指标 ;另选择 2 0例健康人 ,检测其抗 巨细胞病毒IgM ,与慢性病毒性肝炎患者的作对照 .[结果 ]慢性乙型肝炎病例中抗 巨细胞病毒IgM阳性率为 4 1% ,慢性丙型肝炎病例中抗 巨细胞病毒IgM阳性率为 4 0 % .血清抗 巨细胞病毒IgM阳性的慢性肝炎患者总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶水平及肝功能复常天数均明显升高或延长 ,并伴有发热、呕吐、黄疸、肝大症状或体征的加重 .[结论 ]巨细胞病毒感染好发于免疫虚损的宿主 ,又可抑制宿主免疫功能 ,有利于病毒复制 .合并巨细胞病毒感染可加重肝功能障碍 .     

小儿喉乳头状瘤HPV-DNA及体液免疫检测

目的：探讨小儿喉乳头状瘤（ＪＬＰ）人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）感染途径及发病机理。方法：采用ＰＣＲ及ＰＣＲ产物斑点杂交技术检测ＪＬＰ组织ＨＰＶ－ＤＮＡ;散射免疫比浊法测定血清Ｉｇ及补体Ｃ３。结果：ＪＬＰ组织ＨＰＶ总感染率为９５％（１９／２０）,其中ＨＰＶ。型为５５％（１１／２０）,ＨＰＶ１１为３０％（６／２０）,ＨＰＶ６＋１１型为１０％（２／２０）;ＪＬＰ患者血清ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、Ｃ３值正常,对照