阻断致瘤病毒复制的抗肿瘤药物筛选策略

许多病毒与人类恶性肿瘤的发生有关，阻断病毒与靶细胞的结合和融合、干扰病毒的复制和表达，抑制与病毒复制有关的酶等多个环节，将为抗肿瘤药物的筛选提供相关策略。     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白截断变异对HBeAg含量和HBV DNA定量的影响

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)X蛋白截断变异对HBeAg含量和HBV DNA定量的影响。方法通过DNA扩增、基因序列分析检测75例慢性乙肝和14例慢性重型乙肝和34例肝硬化病人血清的HBV X基因和前C基因序列,通过微粒子发光法定量检测血清中HBeAg的含量,以及通过荧光定量PCR技术定量检测血清中的HBVDNA。结果(1)9例检出X蛋白截断变异。(2)同无变异组比较,X蛋白截断变异组、CP双变异(nt 1762A→T,1764G→A)组和前C基因终止变异(nt 1896G→A)组的HBeAg含量均显著下降,其中前C终止变异组HBeAg血清转换最为明显。(3)同无变异组比较,X蛋白截断变异组的HBV DNA含量无明显差异。结论X蛋白截断变异影响HBeAg表达,但影响程度不及前C基因终止变异;X蛋白截断变异对HBV DNA定量无明显影响。     

小儿病毒性肺炎267例病原学分析

目的探讨本地区引起小儿病毒性肺炎的病原学概况与临床表现特点。方法应用ELISA法,检测患儿急性期血清中五种病毒(EBV、RSV、CBV、MP、流感)特异性抗体IgM,了解病原学种类。结果从1102例疑似病毒性感染者,检出五种抗体阳性458例,其中临床诊为肺炎者267例,单一病毒感染者占72.7%,混合感染者占27.3%。MP感染者居首位,其余依次分别为EBV、RSV、流感、CBV排列。结论引起小儿肺炎的病原学复杂,除细菌性感染外,病毒性感染的种类繁多,其流行季节高峰与临床表现各异。对感染者及早进行病原学检测,明确病原学种类,以利及时采取相应治疗措施而提高疗效。     

ELISA法与胶体金法检测健康人群抗-HCV的实验研究

〔目的〕为早期发现健康人群丙型肝炎感染状况 ,对漯河市无偿献血人员进行丙型肝炎病毒抗体 (抗 -HCV)检测 ,为安全输血制订丙型肝炎预防措施提供参考依据。〔方法〕采用酶联免疫法 (ELISA)与胶体金法两种方法进行比较。〔结果〕2年 ( 2 0 0 1-2 0 0 2年 )检测献血人员 1682 8人 ,ELISA法阳性 13 3份 ,阳性率 0 .79% ;胶体金法阳性 13 0份 ,阳性率 0 .77%。符合率 97.74% ,二者阳性结果无显著性差异 ( χ2 =0 .0 14 ,P >0 .0 5 )两种方法阴性对照结果一致 ,符合率10 0 %。〔结论〕胶体金法检测抗 -HCV ,具有操作简便 ,观察直观、快速、省时。其特异性、敏感性均达到ELISA水平。可作为筛查无偿献血人员丙型肝炎病毒抗体的重要手段。对丙型肝炎的早期发现 ,预防及控制有重要价值和意义。     

血清乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原检测在预防性健康体检中的应用

[目的]探讨血清前Sl抗原检测在预防性健康体检中的应用价值。[方法]用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测233例健康体检者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)及正常人血清中HBV前S1抗原(Pre-S1),并将其结果与荧光定量HBVDNA、HBVM及ALT的检测结果进行比较。[结果]在各组HBV感染者中均检出Pre-S1,检出率为20%~75%。HBeAg阳性组中检出率和相对滴度显著高于HBeAg阴性组(P<0.001);Pre-Sl和HBVDNA检测结果符合率达81.12%,Pre-Sl的相对滴度与HBVDNA含量之间呈正相关(r=0.9293,P<0.001);HBeAg阴性组ALT异常血清的Pre-Sl阳性率高于ALT正常血清(P<0.05),同是ALT异常,则HBeAg阳性血清的Per-SI阳性率高于HBeAg阴性血清(P<0.05)。[结论]血清前Sl抗原与HBV活动性复制、肝细胞损伤关系密切,可作为健康体检乙型肝炎传染性筛选的重要补充。     

濮阳市1995～2004年病毒性肝炎资料分析

[目的]了解濮阳市病毒性肝炎（肝炎）的流行趋势，为防治工作提供科学依据。[方法]对濮阳市1995～2004年肝炎疫情资料进行分析。[结果]1995-2004年肝炎年均发病率为78．59／10万。甲肝发病逐年下降，近2年有上升趋势；乙肝在各型肝炎中所占比例最大，发病率呈下降趋势；甲肝发病有明显的夏秋季高峰，乙肝季节分布不明显；甲肝的年龄分布以0～20岁年龄组发病率最高，乙肝以20～45岁年龄组为主；甲肝男性年均发病率为16．84／10万，女性为7．98／10万，乙肝年均发病率为112．62／10万，女性为44．76／10万；病毒性肝炎的地区分布呈现市区高于农村。[结论]乙肝是濮阳市肝炎的防治重点，甲肝发病有增高趋势。     

Disorders characterized by predominant or exclusive dermal inflammation

Some cutaneous inflammatory disorders are typified by a predominant or exclusive localization in the dermis. They can be further subdivided by the principal cell types into lymphocytic, neutrophilic, and eosinophilic infiltrates, and mixtures of them are also seen in a proportion of cases. This review considers such conditions. Included among the lymphoid lesions are viral exanthems, pigmented purpuras, gyrate erythemas, polymorphous light eruption, lupus tumidus, and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Neutrophilic infiltrates are represented by infections, Sweet syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, and hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as a group of so-called “autoinflammatory” dermatitides comprising polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eosinophil-dominated lesions include arthropod bite reactions, cutaneous parasitic infestations, the urticarial phase of bullous pemphigoid, Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis), hypereosinophilic syndrome, and Churg-Strauss disease. In other conditions, eosinophils are admixed with neutrophils in the corium, with or without small-vessel vasculitis. Exemplary disorders with those patterns include drug eruptions, chronic idiopathic urticaria, urticarial vasculitis, granuloma faciale, and Schnitzler syndrome (chronic urticarial with a monoclonal gammopathy).     

Atypical respiratory complications of dengue fever

In last decade, dengue has emerged as one of the most important vector born disease. With increasing cases, uncommon presentations and complications are now commonly recognized. Here, we report two cases of rare pattern of respiratory involvement in dengue: acute respiratory distress syndrome and bronchiolitis with respiratory failure.     

A new role for the cellular PABP repressor Paip2 as an innate restriction factor capable of limiting productive cytomegalovirus replication

The capacity of polyadenylate-binding protein PABPC1 (PABP1) to stimulate translation is regulated by its repressor, Paip2. Paradoxically, while PABP accumulation promotes human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protein synthesis, we show that this is accompanied by an analogous increase in the abundance of Paip2 and EDD1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that destabilizes Paip2. Coordinate control of PABP1, Paip2, and EDD1 required the virus-encoded UL38 mTORC1 activator and resulted in augmented Paip2 synthesis, stability, and association with PABP1. Paip2 synthesis also increased following serum stimulation of uninfected normal fibroblasts, suggesting that this coregulation may play a role in how uninfected cells respond to stress. Significantly, Paip2 accumulation was dependent on PABP accrual, as preventing PABP1 accumulation suppressed viral replication and inhibited the corresponding Paip2 increase. Furthermore, depleting Paip2 restored the ability of infected cells to assemble the translation initiation factor eIF4F, promoting viral protein synthesis and replication without increasing PABP1. This establishes a new role for the cellular PABP1 inhibitor Paip2 as an innate defense that restricts viral protein synthesis and replication. Moreover, it illustrates how a stress-induced rise in PABP1 triggered by virus infection can counter and surpass a corresponding increase in Paip2 abundance and stability.     

Progress towards the treatment of Ebola haemorrhagic fever

Being highly pathogenic for human and nonhuman primates and the subject of former weapon programmes makes Ebola virus one of the most feared pathogens worldwide today. Due to a lack of licensed pre- and postexposure intervention, the current response depends on rapid diagnostics, proper isolation procedures and supportive care of case patients. Consequently, the development of more specific countermeasures is of high priority for the preparedness of many nations. Over the past years, enhanced research efforts directed to better understand virus replication and pathogenesis have identified potential new targets for intervention strategies. The authors discuss the most promising therapeutic approaches for Ebola haemorrhagic fever as judged by their efficacy in animal models. The current development in this field encourages discussions on how to move some of the experimental approaches towards clinical application.