颈外动脉栓塞在耳鼻咽喉科的应用

在耳鼻咽喉科手术中应用颈外动脉栓塞法１０例，形成栓塞组，并把单纯颈外动脉结扎１０例作为对照组。结果表明：栓塞组较对照组术中出血量显著减少，有利于病灶彻底清除，因而有提高治愈率减少复发率的作用。掌握栓塞位置、栓塞剂用量和注射速度是防止并发症的关键。     

大鼠脑干缺血模型制备及早期超微结构观察

目的:制备脑干缺血动物模型并观察大鼠脑干缺血后早期组织学病理的超微结构。方法:应用两点电凝基底动脉的方法制作鼠脑干缺血动物模型。结果:病理学观察发现脑干缺血2小时即可出现超早期病理变化,并随时间的延长缺血性损害逐渐加重。结论:两点电凝基底动脉后可以造成稳定的脑干缺血,对急性脑干缺血的病理学研究有一定的价值。     

血小板活化与冠心病关系的研究进展

病理性血小板活化与血栓性疾病密切相关,在心血管疾病中,这一病理生理过程不仅与冠心病的发生、发展有着非常重要的联系,而且对于该病的治疗策略的优化和近、远期预后等方面都有直接的影响。     

Saccular Aneurysm of the Azygos Anterior Cerebral Artery: Three Case Reports

The azygos anterior cerebral artery, a rare anomaly in the circle of Willis in which only a single vessel supplies the medial aspects of both anterior cerebral hemispheres, is closely associated with saccular aneurysms. We present three cases of azygos anterior cerebral artery aneurysms among the 781 cerebral aneurysms surgically treated at our institution in an 11-year period. These three cases all involved elderly women who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conventional cerebral angiography and CT angiography revealed small saccular aneurysms at the distal ends of the azygos anterior cerebral arteries. These aneurysms were clipped successfully using a bifrontal interhemispheric approach. Hence, the pathogenesis of these particular aneurysms relating to hemodynamic change, associated anomalies, and surgical pitfalls is discussed with review of literature.     

Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection Following Heart Transplantation

Acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplantation is often associated with hemodynamic compromise, and is associated with increased mortality and development of accelerated transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD). The diagnosis of AMR has historically been controversial and outcomes with aggressive immunosuppressive therapy including plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide are poor. Advances in diagnostic techniques like the demonstration of immunopathologic evidence for antibody-mediated rejection by deposition of the complement split product C4d in tissue and detection of anti-HLA antibodies by flow cytometry will assist in further characterizing AMR. Immunosuppression targeting B-lymphocytes and use of m-TOR inhibitors to alter the predilection to develop TCAD and improve survival in AMR remains to be proven.     

The Distally Based Sural Artery Flap for Ankle and Foot Coverage

The sural artery flap is a distally based fasciocutaneous flap that has many advantages to offer for coverage in the foot and ankle area. It has the largest arc of rotation of all the regional flaps and does not require sacrifice of any major artery, and moderate-to-large-sized defects can be covered adequately. The dissection technique is simple, and donor site morbidity is minimal. We report our experience with 17 cases. Age range was from 13 to 56 years. Ten (59%) defects were posttraumatic, 3 (17%) were related to reconstructive surgery of the foot or tendon Achilles', 2 (11%) resulted from tumor resection, and 1 each were from infection and gunshot wound. The smallest flap was 6 x 4 cm and the largest was 15 x 12 cm, with the average size being 11 x 7.5 cm. In 5 cases, the donor site was closed primarily, and in other cases, split-thickness skin graft was needed. The short saphenous vein was included in the pedicle in all cases. There was no incidence of complete flap necrosis. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 30 months. Two cases (12%) developed partial superficial necrosis. In 1 case, there was partial wound dehiscence that needed debridement and repair. Another case had postoperative discharge, which subsided after removal of the calcaneal plate. None of the patients complained of any functional problem related to loss of sensation along the lateral border of the foot. The sural island flap is a reliable, safe, and easy method of providing soft tissue coverage in the area of the foot and ankle.     

艾司洛尔控制开颅手术苏醒期脑过度灌注的效果

目的 通过监测脑血流速度、颈静脉球部血氧饱和度(SjvO2)、血压、心率(HR)和不良反应发生率等,综合评价艾司洛尔用于控制开颅手术苏醒期患者脑过度灌注的效果.方法 选择择期在全身麻醉下行开颅肿瘤切除术的患者,随机分为艾司洛尔组(E组,20例)和对照组(C组,20例).E组患者从拔管即刻起给予艾司洛尔0.6 mg·kg1·h-1静脉持续滴注15 min C组患者从拔管即刻起给予0.9%氯化钠溶液静脉持续滴注.分别监测两组患者术前、术后拔管即刻及拔管后15、30、45、60 min时的大脑中动脉平均血流速度(MCAVm)、SivO2平均动脉压(MAP)及HR,并记录不良反应发生例数.结果 E组术后15和30 min的MCA Vm、sjvO2及HR均显著低于C组(P值均<0.01),术后15 Min的MAP显著低于C组(P<0.05).无一例患者发生与艾司洛尔相关的药物不良反应.结论 艾司洛尔是控制术后脑过度灌注的理想药物.     

Surgical treatment for intrathoracic aneurysm of the innominate artery in an 83-year-old asymptomatic woman

Aneurysm of the innominate artery is uncommon compared with other peripheral aneurysms, and holds the potential for rupture, embolization, or thrombosis as well as various complications caused by compression to the adjacent structures. The most effective treatment for this condition is surgical resection, but the earlier reports described high mortality rates. We report the case of an 83-year-old asymptomatic woman with an aneurysm in the innominate artery, which was successfully resected and repaired with the use of modern surgical techniques of hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion. Aggressive surgical intervention should be employed despite the fact that a patients is asymptomatic.