Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Risk of Thrombosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

Hyperhomocysteinaemia is strongly associated with increased relative risk of occlusive vascular disease, mainly of the carotid and coronary arteries. The aim of our study was to assess whether raised plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for thrombotic events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a condition known to be associated with premature atherothrombotic complications. The study included 34 consecutive consenting SLE patients who were seen in the Rheumatology Unit of Al-Amiri hospital, one of the main teaching hospitals in Kuwait. Twenty consenting healthy subjects were included in the control group. Twenty-four patients were grouped as SLE without thrombosis and 10 had different types of thromboses. Vitamin B₁₂, folate, anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG and IgM), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and total homocysteine level were measured for both patients and controls. A raised homocysteine concentration was defined as plasma homocysteine level above 9.4 mmol/l. Hyperhomocysteinaemia was found in 21 (61.8%) SLE patients. Low levels of folate and vitamin B₁₂ were significantly associated with high concentrations of plasma homocysteine (r = −0.35 and −0.39, respectively, P<0.01). SLE patients with elevated homocysteine concentration have a threefold increase in odds ratio of thrombotic events after adjusting for other risk factors (male sex, shortened APTT, treatment with prednisone, low folate and vitamin B₁₂ levels). We concluded that homocysteine is an independent risk factor for thrombosis in patients with SLE and is potentially modifiable. Received: 27 December 2001 / Accepted: 14 April 2002 Correspondence and offprint requests to: Dr I. H. Al-Salem, PO Box 16434, Al-Qadeseyah 35855, Kuwait. Tel: 965 2532025; Fax: 965 2666205; E-mail: driqbalham@hotmail.com     

两种中心静脉输液技术的成本效果分析

目的 比较PICC和植入式静脉输液港（implantable venous access port,PORT）从置管到拔管全程的成本-效果,为中长期中心静脉输液技术的选择提供卫生经济学依据。 方法 采用回顾性队列研究,便利地选取上海市某三级甲等医院2016年1月—2019年10月采用PICC进行静脉输液的444例患者及2013年1月—2019年10月采用PORT的477例患者为研究对象,采用成本-效果分析,从医院角度比较两组总留置时间段、留置3~6个月、6~9个月、9~12个月时的总成本、综合效果指数、成本-效果比。 结果 在总留置时间段、留置3~6个月、6~9个月、9~12个月时,PICC组的日均总成本或总成本均低于PORT组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）;PICC组综合效果指数均略低于PORT组;PICC组的成本-效果比均低于PORT组;增量成本-效果比分别为543.50、234 411.00、120 092.25和109 164.00。 结论 当导管留置时间≤12个月时,PICC成本-效果优于PORT,从卫生经济学角度,优先推荐PICC作为中长期静脉输液通路。此外,增量成本-效果比可辅助决策,若支付意愿值高于增量成本-效果比,则PICC和PORT均为成本-效果可接受的方案;反之,则PICC成本-效果更佳。     

舌静脉畸形的DSA分型及治疗—132例临床分析

目的:探讨舌静脉畸形(venous malformations,VM)的数字减影血管造影（digital substraction angiography, DSA）分型及治疗策略。方法:总结2016年2月—2019年2月收治的132例舌VM患者的DSA表现,根据影像学特征将其分为4型,Ⅰ型为无回流型、Ⅱ型为低回流型、Ⅲ型为高回流型、Ⅳ型为广泛型,依据分型选择不同的治疗方案。无回流型单纯采用平阳霉素进行硬化治疗,低回流型单纯采用聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂进行硬化治疗,高回流型采用无水乙醇结合聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂进行硬化治疗,广泛型先按高回流型进行硬化治疗后再结合整形手术切除。统计各组病例的治疗效果及不良反应。结果:本组132例病例获得12~41个月随访,平均15.8个月,所有患者术后舌VM明显缩小甚至消失。Ⅰ型8例,有效率100%;Ⅱ型17例,有效率100 %;Ⅲ型98 例,有效率90.8 %;Ⅳ型 9例,有效率77.8%。不良反应主要为组织溃烂、坏死,Ⅰ型0例;Ⅱ型1例,发生率5.88%; Ⅲ型16例,发生率16.33%;Ⅳ型7例,发生率77.78%。结论:基于DSA的舌VM分型对临床治疗具有重要指导意义。舌VM中大部分为Ⅲ型病例,Ⅰ型比例最小。经黏膜注射无水乙醇是治疗高回流型和广泛型舌VM的有效方法。     

Venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19. A prevalent and a preventable complication of the pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 or most commonly known as COVID-19 is a trending global infectious disease which a few months ago was affirmed as a global health emergency or a pandemic by the WHO Emergency Committee. The common symptoms manifested in this pandemic disease are high grade fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath and flu like symptom which can evolve into severe respiratory disorders such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or end-organ failure. Factors that contribute to the severity or high mortality rate in COVID-19 include old age, comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, neutrophilia, and organ and coagulation dysfunction. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and other various coagulopathies including Venous thromboembolism have known to become a major contributing factor to high mortality rate. Venous thromboembolism is a disease which is a combination of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Prophylactic anticoagulation in patients prone to or with a pre-existing history of venous thromboembolism is associated with decreased mortality in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This review article focuses upon COVID-19 and increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients infected by COVID-19 along with the role it has in high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.     

Retrograde Inversion Stripping as a Complication of the Clarivein? Mechanochemical Venous Ablation Procedure

The endovenous revolution has accelerated the development of new techniques and devices for the treatment of varicose veins. The ClariVein^® mechanochemical ablation device offers tumescentless treatment with a rotating ablation tip that can theoretically become stuck in tissue. We present the first report of retrograde stripping of the small saphenous vein without anaesthesia following attempted use of the ClariVein^® device, without adverse sequelae.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成后肺栓塞严重程度的危险因素分析

目的 探讨急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者肺栓塞严重程度的危险因素.方法 本研究为前瞻性研究.2010年7月至2012年7月收集首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院血管外科诊断的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者资料,其中符合纳入、排除标准的208例患者纳入本研究.其中男性101例,女性107例,平均年龄(59±16)岁.利用肺动脉CT血管造影、肺动脉磁共振血管造影或肺动脉数字减影血管造影筛查肺栓塞,并评估其肺栓塞程度.采用x2检验和Logistic回归对深静脉血栓形成患者发生肺栓塞程度的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 208例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者中70例发生肺栓塞,总体发生率为33.7％.单因素分析结果显示,下肢深静脉血栓范围(x2=17.286,P=0.004)、下肢深静脉血栓部位(x2=15 602,P=0.008)对肺栓塞的严重程度有影响.年龄(x2=7.099,P=0.260)、性别(x2=7.014,P=0.067)、明显血栓危险因素(x2=3.335,P=0.345)对肺栓塞的严重程度无影响.多因素有序Logistic回归分析显示肺栓塞的程度随着下肢深静脉血栓范围的扩大和部位的增加而加重,髂股静脉血栓(OR =6.172,95％ CI:1.590 ～ 23.975,P=0.009)、双下肢深静脉血栓(OR=7.140,95％ CI:2.406 ～ 24.730,P=0.001)是肺栓塞严重程度的独立危险因素.结论 髂股静脉血栓形成、双侧下肢深静脉血栓形成是发生严重肺栓塞的独立危险因素,对这些高危患者应更加注重肺栓塞的防治.     

新鲜下肢骨折术前深静脉血栓形成危险程度评分量表初探

目的 初步尝试建立新鲜下肢骨折术前深静脉血栓形成危险程度评分量表,用于院内下肢骨折患者术前深静脉血栓形成危险程度的客观判断.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年12月北京积水潭医院创伤骨科治疗的新鲜下肢骨折患者资料,依据排除标准剔除病例后共纳入分析1 705例.这些患者被随机分为两组,研究组(879组)通过logistic回归分析筛选出危险因素,以多因素logistic回归OR值赋分的方法产生新鲜下肢骨折术前深静脉血栓形成危险程度评分量表,检验组(826例)对评分表进行验证.结果 纳入患者中男性1 106例,女性599例;平均年龄(50±18)岁,logistic回归分析显示可以预测深静脉血栓形成的因素包括年龄、待术时间、受伤原因、受伤部位、心脑血管疾病史以及D-二聚体(D-Dimer)检测值.根据回归OR值得出的分值分别是:年龄≤35岁为1分,＞35 ～ ＜65岁为4分,≥65岁为6分;待术时间＜8d为1分,≥8d为2分;受伤原因低能量为1分,高能量为3分;受伤部位中,足踝损伤为1分,小腿骨折为3分,膝关节周围骨折为5分,股骨中上段为7分,骨盆髋臼为4分,多发骨折为6分;无心脑血管疾病史为1分,有心脑血管疾病史为2分;D-Dimer＜ 600 μg/L为1分,≥600μg/L为3分.受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.79,临界点15.5分,总体数据临界点灵敏度为77.00％,特异度为68.17％.结论 新鲜下肢骨折术前血栓危险程度评分量表对深静脉血栓形成具有一定的预测效能,但是存在局限性.     

Activated partial thromboplastin time and risk of future venous thromboembolism

Background

Lower activated partial thromboplastin times are associated with higher levels of some coagulation factors and may represent a procoagulant tendency.

Methods

In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we studied the 13-year risk of venous thromboembolism in relation to baseline activated partial thromboplastin time in 13,880 individuals. We also studied 258 venous thromboembolism cases and 589 matched controls with measurements of additional coagulation factors.

Results

After adjustment for demographics and procoagulant factors reflected in the activated partial thromboplastin time (fibrinogen, factors VIII, IX, and XI, and von Willebrand factor), participants in the lowest 2 quartiles of activated partial thromboplastin time compared with the fourth quartile had 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-4.2) and 1.9-fold (95% CI, 1.1-3.2) higher risks of venous thromboembolism. The risk associated with activated partial thromboplastin times below the median was higher for idiopathic (odds ratio 5.5; 95% CI, 2.0-15.5) than secondary venous thromboembolism (odds ratio 1.74; 95% CI, 0.88-3.43). Subjects with both activated partial thromboplastin times below the median and factor V Leiden were 12.6-fold (95% CI, 5.7-28.0) more likely to develop venous thromboembolism compared with those with neither risk factor (P interaction <.01). A lower activated partial thromboplastin time also added to the thrombosis risk associated with obesity and elevated D-dimer.

Conclusion

A single determination of the activated partial thromboplastin time below the median increased the risk of future venous thromboembolism. Findings were independent of coagulation factor levels, and a low activated partial thromboplastin time added to the risk associated with other risk factors.     

Pharmacoangiographic diagnosis of venous invasion of carcinoma of the colon with reference to liver metastases

Angiography using prostaglandin E1 was performed on 34 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to define the degree of venous invasion. Venous findings on angiogram (occlusion and/or encasement) were classified into three groups: AG-V2, above-mentioned venous findings up to marginal vein; AG-V1, these findings up to the vasa recta; AG-V0, no distinct findings on the vein. These venous findings were compared with histologic subserosal venous invasion that was diagnosed with both hematoxylin and eosin and elastica van Gieson's staining. When angiographic findings were compared with histologic subserosal venous invasion, the results of AG-V2, AG-V1, and AG-V0 showed a positive correlation of 92.3 percent, 46.7 percent, and 16.7 percent, respectively. The angiographic findings were also correlated with the degree of fibrosis around the carcinoma of the colon. The incidence rate of liver metastasis in a group of AG-V2 was 46.2 percent. In AG-V1 it was 26.7 percent and in AG-V0 0 percent. In the course of the postoperative follow-up, liver metastases appeared in two cases of AG-V2 and AG-V1, respectively. This finding may suggest the presence of liver micrometastases at the time of surgery.