囊性小肾癌、复杂性肾囊肿MSCT动态增强影像学表现及其诊断价值

目的研究囊性小肾癌、复杂性肾囊肿MSCT动态增强影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾分析本院2017年6月至2019年6月收治的经病理学检查确诊的41例囊性小肾癌患者的临床资料,为肾癌组;再另选40例同时期入院诊断为囊性小肾癌,病理学检查确诊为复杂性肾囊肿的患者为囊肿组。两组均进行MSCT平扫和动态增强检查,通过对比结果,分析MSCT动态增强的诊断价值。结果 CT平扫时可见囊肿组病灶形态规则、边界清晰、密度均匀;肾癌组病灶形态不规则、边界不清晰、密度不均匀;肾癌组囊壁厚度明显大于囊肿组(P<0.05)。增强后,囊肿组在皮质期、皮髓质期、排泄期的CT值显著低于肾癌组(P<0.05)。结合病理学检查,CT增强对囊性小肾癌和复杂性肾囊肿诊断的正确度达到91.36%。结论 MSCT动态增强扫描对囊性小肾癌和复杂性肾囊肿具有重要的诊断价值,能有效判断病灶位置、形态、边界、囊壁厚度等,且准确性较高,值得推广应用。     

Sotalol and metoprolol comparison of their anti-hypertensive effect

Summary 28 patients, aged 35–62 years, with uncomplicated hypertension, entered a double-blind, crossover study, in which the effects of single daily doses of sotalol and metoprolol were compared. Both drugs exerted a clinically useful anti-hypertensive effect as monotherapy, or in combination with a thiazide diuretic. No significant difference in hypotensive effects was noted between the two beta-blocking agents, when the dose was titrated to an optimal clinical effect. Treatment with sotalol and metoprolol was associated with a clinically insignificant increase in serum uric acid concentration. The side-effects observed were few, and in only two cases was therapy discontinued. We regard both sotalol and metoprolol as useful anti-hypertensive drugs.     

医疗保险民营化模式的比较及其对我国的启示

总结了发达国家医疗保险及其经办的民营化模式,深入剖析了发达国家医疗保险的民营化程度,勾勒了当下国际医疗保险民营化的发展趋势,在此基础上进一步阐述了我国医疗保险民营化的可能趋势,提出借鉴国外经验需要遵循系统、严谨、本土化原则。     

两种电子教材开发方式的对比研究

介绍了移动学习领域以iBook Author为依托和基于Web的两种电子教材开发方式,并将两种开发方式进行对比、总结出各自的优缺点,为今后的电子教材开发人员提供参考。     

Determination of diagnostic threshold in harmonization and comparison of clinical utility for five major antiphospholipid antibody assays used in Japan

BackgroundAnticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti‐β₂‐glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ₂GPI) are essential in diagnosing antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) according to the international APS guideline. Five commercial assays for aCL and aβ₂GPI are available in Japan, but their test results are quite discordant. For harmonization of diagnosing APS, upper reference limit (URL) and diagnostic accuracy of each assay were evaluated and compared by testing common sets of specimens across all assays.MethodsWe evaluated two manual and three automated assays for aCL and aβ₂GPI of IgG‐ and IgM classes. 99%URL (the upper limit of reference interval: as per guideline) together with 97.5%URL were determined by testing sera from 198 to 400 well‐defined healthy subjects. Both URLs were compared with the cutoff values, which were determined based on ROC analysis by testing 50 each of plasma specimens from patients with/without APS. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated as area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve.ResultsA variable degree of discrepancy between URLs and the cutoff values was observed, which was partly attributable to between‐year assay variability. 97.5%URLs were set lower and closer to the cutoff values than 99%URLs. For all assays, diagnostic accuracies of both aβ₂GPI‐IgG and aCL‐IgG were generally high (AUC: 0.84−0.93); whereas those for IgM‐class assays were low (AUC: 0.57−0.67), implicating its utility is limited to rare IgG negative APS cases.ConclusionTo ensure harmonized APS diagnosis, the diagnostic thresholds of the five assays were evaluated by common procedures. Contrary to the guideline, 97.5%URL is rather recommended for diagnosing APS, which showed a closer match to the cutoff value.     

开胸手术与胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的效果比较

目的：开胸手术与胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的效果比较。方法选自2009年10月-2014年12月该院收治的自发性气胸进行手术的患者作为研究对象,共收集105例,分别为开胸组(n=60)和胸腔镜组(n=45)这两组。对两组患者均使用静脉吸入复合麻醉,并让患者呈90o侧卧位。对开胸组患者使用开胸手术,对胸腔镜组患者采用胸腔镜手术。结果相比于开胸组,胸腔镜组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、引流管留置时间和住院天数方面的指标均明显要低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);开胸组的60例患者并发症的发生率为36.67%;胸腔镜组的45例患者并发症的发生率为8.89%。胸腔镜组的治疗效果明显高于开胸组(P<0.05);开胸组患者的病情复发率为3.33%,胸腔镜组患者的病情复发率为2.22%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论和开胸手术相比较,胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸,患者出血少、恢复快、手术时间短、术后并发症和复发率低,值得医师和患者优先选择,但手术材料费用偏高。     

Performance comparison of electronic radon monitors

The electronic radon monitors are noted for their convenience and acceptable accuracy. Even so, it is necessary to reassure their data quality regularly. We utilized a performance comparison system for this purpose. The instruments in our laboratories (Alphaguard, RAD7, RTM-2100 and Safety Siren) were tested via the comparison experiments. We conclude that by utilizing this system with the concept of calibration factor, it can be helpful to decide whether to send the monitors back to the original manufacturers for adjustment.     

EMPHASIZING AFFECTIVE OUTCOMES IN AN INTRODUCTORY GERONTOLOGY COURSE

No abstract available for this article.     

Evaluation of the relationship between capillary and venous plasma glucose concentrations obtained by the HemoCue Glucose 201+ system during an oral glucose tolerance test

Abstract

In 55 women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, simultaneous capillary and venous plasma glucose concentrations were measured at 0, 30 and 120 min during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The aims of the study were to examine the relationship between capillary and venous glucose measurements, and to establish equations for the conversion of capillary and venous glucose concentrations using the HemoCue Glucose 201+ system. Additionally, the correlation between the capillary and venous glucose concentrations with the diagnostic cut-off limits proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999 was evaluated. Capillary glucose concentrations were consistently higher than venous glucose concentrations at all time points of the OGTT (p < 0.001), and the correlations between the measurements were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). The differences between the samples were greatest in the non-fasting state as revealed by the 95% prediction intervals (mmol/L) in Bland-Altman plots; ± 0.54 at 0 min, ± 2.01 at 30 min, and ± 1.35 at 120 min. Equivalence values for capillary plasma glucose concentrations derived from this study tended to be higher than those proposed by the WHO as diagnostic cut-off limits. Stratifying subjects by glucose tolerance status according to the WHO criteria revealed disagreements related to glucose values close to the diagnostic cut-off points. The study findings highlight the uncertainty associated with derived equivalence values. However, capillary plasma glucose measurements could be suitable for diagnostic purposes in epidemiological studies and when translating results on a group basis.