Ten years of Pan-InfORM: modelling research for public health in Canada

Modelling and simulation methods can play an important role in guiding public health responses to infectious diseases and emerging health threats by projecting the plausible outcomes of decisions and interventions. The 2003 SARS epidemic marked a new chapter in disease modelling in Canada as it triggered a national discussion on the utility and uptake of modelling research in local and pandemic outbreaks. However, integration and application of model-based outcomes in public health requires knowledge translation and contextualization. We reviewed the history and performance of Pan-InfORM (Pandemic Influenza Outbreak Research Modelling), which created a national infrastructure in Canada with a mandate to develop innovative knowledge translation methodologies to inform policy makers through modelling frameworks that bridge the gaps between theory, policy, and practice. This review demonstrates the importance of a collaborative infrastructure as a “Community of Practice” to guide public health responses, especially in the context of emerging diseases with substantial uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Dedicated resources to modelling and knowledge translation activities can help create synergistic strategies at the global scale and optimize public health responses to protect at-risk populations and quell socioeconomic and health burden.     

Outbreak of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 Infections,Ghana

In September 2019, high mortality in commercial rabbits was reported in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 phylogenetically related to isolates from 2015–2017 outbreaks in the Netherlands was confirmed as the causative agent. The virus has not yet been detected in native rabbits in Ghana.     

FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化检测在宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查的研究

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。目前人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测及细胞学检查是宫颈癌及其癌前病变(CCPL)的主要筛查手段。由于上述传统筛查方法,仍然存在对CCPL漏诊的风险,因此寻找有效识别CCPL的特异性分子标志物,具有重要临床意义。对具有序列相似性家族19成员A4(FAM19A4)基因启动子甲基化定量检测,可有效检出CCPL组织,较传统筛查方法有较高特异度,有望成为CCPL筛查的特异性分子标志物。笔者拟就FAM19A4基因启动子甲基化定量检测,在CCPL筛查中应用的最新研究现状进行阐述,旨在为进一步推进CCPL筛查方法的开发,提供思路。     

以呕吐原因待查住院的疾病分析

目的 分析哎吐的发病情况,以期充分提高对其临床表现的认识,并提出合理的检查步骤。方法 采用回顾性方法分析了315例哎吐原因待查病例。结果 消化系统疾病与非消化系统疾病的比例分别为77．14％和20．23％,无论是消化系统疾病还是消化系统疾病,女性发病的比例均高于男性。结论 哎吐原因待查住院的病人病史较长病情复杂,可根据疾病的发病规律和临床特点,先将其分为消化系统疾病和非消化系统疾病两类,然后再根据各自的特点逐一分析,结合相应的检查最终明确诊断。     

人工流产术前宫颈及子宫内膜麻醉的镇痛效果探讨

目的　探讨宫颈与子宫内膜两部位联合麻醉、普鲁卡因与利多卡因两药物配合应用在人工流产术中的镇痛效果。方法　人工流产术前对麻醉组 10 6例行普鲁卡因宫颈浸润麻醉和利多卡因子宫内膜表面麻醉。术中记录受术者腹痛程度、无阻力插入宫颈内口的扩张器号、出血量、人流综合征例数等指标。按照世界卫生组织规定疼痛标准及人工流产综合征反应进行评价 ,同期选择按传统机械扩宫法 10 4例做对照。结果　麻醉组镇痛有效率95 3% ,宫口松驰有效率 95 3% ,人流综合征无 1例发生。两组比较P均 <0 0 0 1。两组出血量比较无差异 ,无利多卡因毒性反应发生。结论　人工流产术前普鲁卡因宫颈浸润麻醉和利多卡因子宫内膜表面麻醉镇痛效果显著 ,可大大降低人流综合征的发生 ,避免利多卡因的毒性反应     

老年冠心病心功能不全患者血浆白细胞介素-6浓度的变化

目的 :观察老年冠心病心功能不全患者血浆白细胞介素 6 (interleukin - 6 ,IL - 6 )浓度的变化。方法 :选择老年冠心病心功能不全患者 48例、心功能正常者 15例及健康老年人 30例 ,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定其血浆IL - 6浓度。结果 :冠心病心功能不全组血浆IL - 6浓度较冠心病心功能正常组及健康对照组明显增高 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,而冠心病心功能正常组与健康对照组之间无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;血浆IL - 6浓度与左室射血分数呈负相关 (r =- 0 .6 0 ,P <0 .0 1) ;因心功能不全恶化再入院患者血浆IL - 6浓度高于未再入院患者 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :IL - 6具有判断病情、评价预后的价值     

Scientific connotation of “treating different diseases with the same method” from the perspective of metabolic–immune dysregulation in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis of digestive organs

Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system. In the chronic inflammation microenvironment, the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes, which interfere with the normal function of immune cells. Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs, such as the stomach, liver, and colorectum. This metabolic–immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories of “yin-yang disharmony” and “disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.” The metabolic–immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting “treatment of different diseases with the same method,” in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions. In the TCM treatment process, it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function, thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy. Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic–immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic–immune dysregulation, pattern identification, and treatment method. They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of “treating different diseases with the same method.     

胆胰手术后假性动脉瘤诊断及治疗

胆胰疾病病人经外科手术、介入或内镜治疗后发生迟发性大出血时,救治困难、病死率高,而术后假性动脉瘤形成和破裂是主要原因。胆胰手术后假性动脉瘤成因复杂多样,瘤体破裂出血前临床症状隐匿。从致病机制源头预防假性动脉瘤形成、重视前哨出血等特征性临床症状,将会有效确保胆胰疾病病人围手术期安全性,提高术后迟发性大出血的救治成功率。