无细胞人胎肝制剂治疗大鼠实验性肝衰竭疗效机理探讨

本文观察了无细胞人胎肝制剂(胞浆液和透析液)及人胎肌和成人肝胞浆液对肝衰竭大鼠肝功能指标的影响。结果发现:①胎肝胞浆液有阻止肝损伤、改善肝脏储备功能,促进肝细胞合成代谢、增强肝脏RES功能、提高血浆Fn水平等多方面治疗作用,这些作用可能来自多种成分。②成人肝胞浆液对DNA、RNA合成无刺激作用,并显著抑制蛋白质合成。     

低钙透析液对维持性血液透析患者颈动脉钙化的影响

目的:观察低钙透析液对维持性血液透析患者颈动脉钙化的影响。方法:选择30例有颈动脉粥样硬化并使用标准钙透析液(钙1.75 mmol/L)进行维持性血液透析的患者,改用低钙透析液(钙1.25 mmol/L)进行治疗。观察周期为12个月,每3个月采用多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉血流阻力指数(R I)、颈动脉粥样斑块数量和超声分型的变化;每6个月检测血清钙、磷、镁、血清甲状旁腺素(iPTH)。结果:患者改用低钙透析液后,颈动脉IMT逐渐变薄,伴随着颈动脉R I降低。血钙、血磷及钙磷乘积明显下降(P<0.05),血iPTH明显增加(P<0.01),血镁无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:与高钙透析液相比低钙透析可有效降低维持性血液透析患者血钙水平,防止并减轻患者颈动脉钙化程度。     

腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢状况的临床分析

目的调查我院腹膜透析患者血钙、磷及甲状旁腺激素(PTH)达标情况,观察低钙透析液的治疗效果。方法横断面调查2011年12月在北京大学深圳医院规律随访腹膜透析时间大于6个月的腹膜透析患者血钙、磷及全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)水平。将最近6个月及6个月以上一直用普通钙腹透液(钙离子浓度为1.75mmol/L)的患者定义为普钙组,用低钙腹透液(钙离子浓度为1.25mmol/L)的患者定义为低钙组,比较两组患者各指标差异。比较低钙组患者改用低钙透析液前后钙、磷、iPTH指标变化。结果 178名腹膜透析患者血钙达标率73.6%;血磷达标率49.4%;iPTH达标率仅26.4%,53.4%患者iPTH低于目标值。低钙组患者血磷、iPTH高于普钙组(P<0.05)。用低钙透析液后患者血钙降低,血磷、iPTH升高(P<0.05)。结论腹膜透析患者血钙、磷和iPTH达标率低,半数以上患者iPTH低于目标值。对高血钙、iPTH低的患者建议使用低钙透析液,但必须同时加强降磷治疗。     

低钙透析液用于血液透析的临床观察

目的 探讨低钙透析液用于血液透析的有效性及安全性.方法 采用稀释后浓度为1.25 mmol/L碳酸低钙透析液,常规透析治疗24例高钙血症血液透析患者的规律.观察高钙血症血液透析患者在应用碳酸低钙透析液3、6个月后血钙、钙磷乘积、全段甲状旁腺激素的指标变化及不良反应.结果 经治疗后发现血钙下降水平与低钙透析液使用前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);钙磷乘积比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血磷与全段甲状旁腺激素比较差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 高钙血症的血液透析患者在使用低钙透析液后,血钙下降明显、可有效降低钙磷乘积,可能有益于减轻血液透析患者骨外转移性钙化的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of low-calcium dialysate in the treatment of the hypercalcemia of hemodialysis patients. Methords Low-calcium dialysate ( 1.25mmol/L) was used in 24hemodialysis patients of Hypercalcemia. Results There were significant difference between low-calcium dialysate was used before and after three months and six months in blood calcium( P ＜ 0.05), and there were also significant difference in Ca × iP ( P ＜ 0.05). There were no singnificant difference in blood phosphorus ( P ＞ 0.05) and in iPTH ( P ＞ 0.05) Conclusion There were significant difference between low-calcium dialysate was used before and used after three months and six months in blood calcium with hypercalcemia. It is effect to reduced calcium transfer from body's bone to other body's organs.     

Proteomic Analysis of Peritoneal Dialysate Fluid in Patients with Dialysis-Related Peritonitis

The prognosis of uremia patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is related to frequent peritonitis rate. Frequent peritonitis will lead to peritoneum failure, making CAPD unfeasible. We have performed proteomic profiling of peritoneal dialysis effluent samples from a cross-section of CAPD patients with and without peritonitis in order to identify biomarkers of peritonitis. We performed 2D gel electrophoresis and surface-enhanced laser esorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) on peritoneal dialysis effluent from 16 subjects with peritonitis. A genetic algorithm search of principal component space revealed a group of a peak distinguishing peritonitis-positive subjects, with mass/charge (m/z) values of 11,117.4. Our analyses identified the peak at m/z 11,117.4 with an accuracy of 95% for classifying peritonitis. Mass spectrometric analysis of peritonitis PDE samples identified the 11,117.4 protein as β2-microglobulin (B2M). Using an unbiased protein profiling approach, we have validated previously reported findings of B2M as a biomarker associated with CAPD peritonitis. Prospective studies are warranted to establish additional biomarkers that would be predictive of peritoneal dialysis peritonitis. Besides, extending the study to a larger number of patients with subgroup analyses may yield additional information of the peritoneal dialysate proteins in association with dialysis adequacy, residual renal function, nutritional status, and risk of peritoneal infection.     

调节透析液钾浓度对血液透析患者电解质紊乱和心血管稳定性的影响

目的探讨调节透析液钾浓度对血液透析患者电解质紊乱和心血管稳定性的影响。方法选取大埔县人民医院行维持性血液透析的患者15例共707次透析,其中69例次行高钾透析液透析治疗作为观察组,选择每例患者行高钾透析治疗前5次透析共75例次为对照组;分别采用含钾浓度为3.0~4.0 mmol/L、2.0~2.5 mmol/L的透析液进行透析治疗。测定透析前后两组患者K+、Na+、CL-的浓度,并记录心血管并发症发生情况。结果透析后,对照组K+浓度明显降低,为(3.03±0.05)mmol/L,且显著低于观察组的(3.74±0.08)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组Na+、CL-浓度显著升高,而对照组无明显变化,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组血压下降和心律失常的发生率分别为7.25%和15.94%,均显著低于对照组的36.00%和46.67%(P0.05)。随访1年后,观察组心率正常和动脉硬化指数均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者心慌、胸闷及气促的发生率均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论电解质紊乱、血压下降和心律失常是血液透析治疗中的常见并发症,临床上若采用3.0~4.0 mmol/L钾浓度的透析液进行透析可有效纠正电解质紊乱和维持心血管稳定性。     

Effects of mildly increasing dialysis sodium removal on renin and sympathetic system in hemodialysis patients

Background It has been argued that the benefits of reducing sodium loading may be offset by increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS） and sympathetic nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of an increase in dialysis sodium removal on circulating RAAS and sympathetic system in hypertensive hemodialysis （HD） patients with ＂normal＂ post-HD volume status. Methods Thirty hypertensive HD patients were enrolled in this pilot trial. After one month period of dialysis with standard dialysate sodium of 138 mmol/L, the patients were followed up for a four months period with dialysate sodium set at 136 retool/L, without changes in instructions regarding dietary sodium control. During the period of study, the dry weight was adjusted monthly under the guidance of bioimpedance spectroscopy to maintain post-HD volume status in a steady state; 44-hour ambulatory blood pressure, plasma renin, angiotensin II （Ang II）, aldosterone, and norepinephrine （NE） were measured. Results After four months of HD with low dialysate sodium of 136 mmol/L, 44-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressures （BPs） were significantly lower （-10 and -6 mmHg）, in the absence of changes in antihypertensive medications. No significant changes were observed in plasma renin, Ang II, aldosterone, and NE concentrations. The post-HD volume parameters were kept constant. Conclusion Mildly increasing dialysis sodium removal over 4 months can significantly improve BP control and does not activate circulating RAAS and sympathetic nervous system in hypertensive HD patients. Chin Med J 2014;127 （14）： 2628-2631     

不同钙浓度透析液对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的探讨不同钙浓度透析液对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者钙磷代谢紊乱的影响。方法溧水县人民医院157例MHD患者随机分为2组,分别采用钙浓度1.25及1.75mmol/l透析液连续进行3个月透析治疗,分别检测治疗前后血钙及血磷浓度。结果实验结束后,高钙浓度组血钙水平明显升高(P<0.05),血钙×磷浓度水平降低(P<0.05),血磷水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论高钙透析液能有效的提高MHD患者血钙浓度,减少钙磷代谢紊乱发生。     

醋酸钙联合低钙透析液在老年高钙高磷腹膜透析患者中的应用

目的 探讨醋酸钙联合低钙透析液治疗对并发高钙和高磷血症老年腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢状况的影响.方法 选择行CAPD治疗6m以上、病情稳定且伴有高钙、高磷血症的老年患者20例,随机分为对照组（使用含钙1.5 mmol/L透析液＋饮食控制）和治疗组（使用含钙1.25 mmol/L透析液＋醋酸钙＋饮食控制）,每组10例,分别观察治疗前、治疗后1、3和6个月的血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、iPTH和相关不良反应.结果 ①共18人完成该临床研究,其中对照组有1人因出现腹透相关性腹膜炎退出研究;试验组有1人因无法耐受服用醋酸钙后出现的恶心、反酸症状而退出试验.②醋酸钙联合低钙透析液治疗组在治疗后第3个月时血钙、血磷及钙磷乘积水平明显降低,血iPTH浓度明显升高,与对照组相比均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;至第6个月时血钙、血磷及钙磷乘积水平趋于稳定.③两组患者在研究期间除治疗组1人出现肌肉痉挛外,其余患者未见明显不良反应.结论 醋酸钙联合低钙透析液对于合并高钙血症和高磷血症的老年腹膜透析患者具有较好的治疗效果.