广西凌云县1951-2015年疟疾流行分析

目的 了解凌云县疟疾流行趋势,为消除疟疾后继续巩固成果提供建议.方法 收集凌云县1951-2015年疟疾发病数、发热血检及居民普查血检调查、媒介调查、疟疾病人等资料,采用描述性方法进行分析.结果 1951-2015年凌云县共报告疟疾病例数57 619例病例,平均年发病率为57.5/万,占传染病发病数的22.42％;死亡52人,病死率0.09％.1980-2015年居民发热病人血检405 854人,阳性753例,其中间日疟占77.42％(583/753),恶性疟占22.44％(169/753);荧光抗体阳性率由1988年的1.4％(7/500)降至2000-2009年的0.62％ (23/3 725);中华按蚊为主要传疟蚊种.通过几十年来的综合防治,疟疾发病率从1958年的316.05/万下降到1985年的1/万以下,于2000年10月份达到了基本消除疟疾目标.从2005年起已无本地疟疾病例,所报告的病例均为输入性病例,2014年12月通过百色市级消除疟疾考核.结论 落实疟疾综合防治措施效果显著,将继续加强“三热”病人血检监测和输入性疟疾病例监测,巩固消除疟疾成果.     

维持性血液透析患者皮肤并发症的临床特点和护理对策

目的分析维持性血液透析患者皮肤并发症的临床特点,研究对应的护理方法。方法将该研究中的维持性血液透析且并发皮肤病的100例患者随机均分为护理组和对照组,对照组患者维持常规血液透析,护理组患者采用血液灌流联合血液透析法,同时,加强对患者的护理和健康指导,以2个月为一个观察期,对护理结果进行评判、统计疗效。结果护理组患者的皮肤病症状得到有效缓解,对照组患者的皮肤并发症情况没有明显改善。结论恰当的治疗护理、心理护理和健康教育等措施,对缓解维持性血液透析患者的皮肤并发症有显著功效。     

Services for the Danish Elderly

No abstract available for this article.     

The Role of Workplace Characteristics in Breastfeeding Practices

ABSTRACT

The present analyses were undertaken to understand the role of workplace characteristics in the breastfeeding practices of working women. The effects of the perception of the availability of employer-sponsored child care, the perception of the availability of a flexible schedule, hours worked at home, and worked a fixed schedule on breastfeeding outcomes were estimated using a sample of 1,506 births from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. The availability of employer-sponsored child care increased the likelihood of breastfeeding six months after birth by 47 percent. In addition, working an additional eight hours at home per week, at the mean, increased the probability of breastfeeding initiation by 8 percent and breastfeeding six months after birth by 16.8 percent. Workplace characteristics show promise as an effective way to increase breastfeeding rates among working women.     

Familial Resemblance of Blood Pressure and Body Weight

Familial resemblance of blood pressure (BP) was studied in 545 families of which 370 included natural children, 24 adopted children and 151 both natural and adopted children. Mean values of four automatic BP measurements (Dinamap 845) were converted into age (adult) or height (children) and sex adjusted scores. BP was compared between parents and randomly chosen index children. A significant resemblance of BP was observed between natural children and their parents: r = 0.24 for systolic BP, r = 0.29 for diastolic BP, (n = 272 p > 0.05). BP of adopted children did not resemble that of their foster parents except for a significant correlation to BP of the adopting mothers (n = 46). Weight, heart rate, age and time of common life shared did not influence the results. The relative contribution of genetic and common environmental factors to BP correlation between family members could not be evaluated in this study. BP of children whose parents have high BP should be monitored regularly.     

Assessment of Resting-State Blood Flow Through Anterior Cerebral Arteries Using Trans-cranial Doppler Recordings

Trans-cranial Doppler (TCD) recordings are used to monitor cerebral blood flow in the main cerebral arteries. The resting state is usually characterized by the mean velocity or the maximum Doppler shift frequency (an envelope signal) by insonating the middle cerebral arteries. In this study, we characterized cerebral blood flow in the anterior cerebral arteries. We analyzed both envelope signals and raw signals obtained from bilateral insonation. We recruited 20 healthy patients and conducted the data acquisition for 15 min. Features were extracted from the time domain, the frequency domain and the time-frequency domain. The results indicate that a gender-based statistical difference exists in the frequency and time-frequency domains. However, no handedness effect was found. In the time domain, information-theoretic features indicated that mutual dependence is higher in raw signals than in envelope signals. Finally, we concluded that insonation of the anterior cerebral arteries serves as a complement to middle cerebral artery studies. Additionally, investigation of the raw signals provided us with additional information that is not otherwise available from envelope signals. Use of direct trans-cranial Doppler raw data is therefore validated as a valuable method for characterizing the resting state.     

慢性疼痛患者的心理健康状况及人格特点调查研究

目的：：了解慢性疼痛患者的心理健康状况及人格特点,为临床心理诊断及心理干预提供依据。方法：选取慢性疼痛患者53名,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)进行测试,并与常模进行比较。结果：慢性疼痛患者的心理健康水平低于常人,在 SCL-90的躯体化、人际关系、焦虑、抑郁因子上得分明显高于常人且差异显著(P <0.01或0.05)。EPQ 测试结果表明,慢性疼痛患者具有内向,情绪不稳定的人格特点。结论：慢性疼痛患者总体上心理健康状况较差,人格不健全。因此,对慢性疼痛患者心理治疗不容忽视。     

Ⅱ型胶原酶消化时间对兔软骨细胞生物学特性的影响

目的：探索Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法分离兔肋软骨细胞的最佳消化时间。方法取3月龄新西兰大白兔肋软骨组织,采用0．2％Ⅱ型胶原酶分别消化4、8、12、16、20 h ,对应为A、B、C、D、E组,获取细胞后进行培养。通过比较5组P2代软骨细胞在形态、增殖速度、细胞内基质分泌等方面的差异,选择合适的消化时间。结果 C、D、E组获取的原代软骨细胞数量比A、B组多;C、D组P2代软骨细胞增殖能力强于其他3组;C、D组P2代细胞内基质分泌情况最佳。结论Ⅱ型胶原酶最佳消化时间为12～16 h ,获取的原代软骨细胞数量多,活性率较高,增殖能力强,P2代软骨细胞表型良好。     

广西贵港市首例人感染H5N6禽流感死亡病例的临床特点及流行病学分析

目的 分析贵港市首例人感染 H5N6 禽流感病例临床、流行病学特征,为制定监测方案与防治措施提供科学依据。方法 收集病例临床诊疗资料、流行病学资料,并对密切接触者、感染来源采集相关生物和环境标本进行实验室检测,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 贵港市首例人感染 H5N6禽流感病例为单个散发病例,密切接触者无感染,早期临床表现无特异性, 临床表现主要为发热、鼻塞、咽喉肿痛,偶有咳嗽,8天后进展为呼吸困难,胸片示右中下肺实变,左胸间隙肺大泡,胸膜炎,白细胞数目先下降后上升,因呼吸和循环衰竭死亡。发病前一周有明确的禽类接触史, 密切接触者24名均未出现发热及相关呼吸道症状,采集其中9人份咽拭子H5N6病毒核酸检测均阴性。对患者居住地、患者老家、临近患者居住地养殖有禽类的邻居家和附近的活禽交易市场进行外环境病原学采样检测,共采集了19份,H5、H9病毒核酸检测混合阳性3份,阳性率为15.79%,H9病毒核酸检测阳性7份;扩大城乡活禽交易市场监测范围,采集了10个乡镇农贸市场外环境标本共30份,8个市场检出H5亚型阳性,市场检出率为80%。结论 该病例为本地感染病例,感染来源与接触禽类有关,未发现人传人的证据。该病例临床特征不明显,早期症状类似普通感冒,且咽拭子采样检测结果为阴性,对早期诊断造成困难,诊断不及时治疗效果差。市场活禽摊档污染严重,应加强市场卫生管理,加强不明原因肺炎监测工作,在禽流感高发季节应对不明原因肺炎病例多次采样检测,扩大人间和禽间流感病毒监测是早期发现和及时控制人感染高致病性禽流感疫情的关键。