鲍曼不动杆菌感染的治疗进展

鲍曼不动杆菌近年来已成为院内获得性感染的常见致病菌,成为 PICU、NICU 等危重患儿集中收治病房的优势致病菌种之一。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药问题的日益严重给治疗、防控都带来了前所未有的挑战,及时恰当的抗生素治疗,尤其针对碳青霉烯耐药菌株或泛耐药菌株的治疗策略能显著改善预后。     

Castleman病65例诊治分析

目的 总结Castleman病的临床特点和治疗手段.方法 回顾2005-2012年连续收治的65例Castleman病患者的临床资料,总结分析局灶型Castleman病和多中心型Castleman病在临床表现、发病部位、实验室检查及治疗上的不同.结果 本组42例局灶型Castleman病多见于中青年,常为单发肿瘤,表现为无症状的局部淋巴结增大,病理分型以透明血管型(33/42,78.6％)为主,本组42例患者发现44枚肿瘤,以腹膜后腔(10/44,22.7％)、腹腔(10/44,22.7％)等深部多见,通过手术治疗可治愈.本组23例多中心型Castleman病多见于中年,表现为多发淋巴结肿大,无局部淋巴结疼痛及表面破溃,常伴有发热(9/23,39.1％)、贫血(9/23,39.1％)、脾大,实验室检查多见异常,病理分型主要为浆细胞型(14/23,60.9％)和昆合型(5/23,21.7％),本组23例患者发现66枚肿瘤,以颈部(16/66,24.2％)和股沟区(12/66,l8.2％)等浅表部位多见,主要采用CHOP化疗方案或手术联合CHOP化疗方案,本组21例患者获得完全或部分缓解,2例因化疗引起肺部感染死亡,能否耐受长期化疗是影响预后的重要因素.结论 局灶型和多中心型Castleman病临床特点不同,治疗方法也有差异.局灶型Castleman病通过手术可达到治愈目的;多中心型Castleman病则主要采用CHOP化疗方案,多数预后较好.     

聚乙烯醇化疗栓塞治疗晚期肝细胞癌合并动-门静脉分流的临床疗效与生存预后分析

目的评价聚乙烯醇(PVA)化疗栓塞治疗晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)合并动-门静脉分流(A-PVS)的临床疗效及生存预后因素。方法回顾性分析149例HCC合并A-PVS的临床资料,分为A组(58例,门静脉主干癌栓)与B组(91例,门静脉分支癌栓)。依据分流速度,采用不同规格PVA化疗栓塞。随访并分析生存期、术后并发症等。采用KaplanMeier法、log-rank检验计算并比较累积生存率,生存预后因素采用Cox模型分析。结果 149例患者的中位生存期(OS)为10.5个月,6、12个月的生存率分别为76.80%、41.00%。A组与B组中位OS分别为8.3个月和12.4个月,两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.05,P=0.01)。A组和B组6、12个月的生存率分别为71.70%、25.30%和78.80%、52.30%。术后急性肝衰竭2例,上消化道出血3例。多因素分析显示,门静脉主干癌栓形成(HR=1.77,P=0.01)、Child-Pugh B级(HR=1.96,P=0.003)及肿瘤负荷≥50%(HR=3.22,P0.001)为独立危险因素,而奥沙利铂总量100mg(HR=0.42,P0.001)为独立保护因素。结论 PVA化疗栓塞治疗晚期肝癌合并A-PVS安全、有效。奥沙利铂较大总量(100mg)的患者预后较好,而门静脉主干癌栓形成、Child-Pugh B级及肿瘤负荷≥50%的患者预后较差。     

Impact of tumour bed boost integration on acute and late toxicity in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review

The purpose of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence from studies investigating the integration of tumour bed boosts into whole breast irradiation for patients with Stage 0-III breast cancer, with a focus on its impact on acute and late toxicities. A comprehensive systematic electronic search through the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed databases from January 2000 to January 2015 was conducted. Studies were considered eligible if they investigated the efficacy of hypo- or normofractionated whole breast irradiation with the inclusion of a daily concurrent boost. The primary outcomes of interest were the degree of observed acute and late toxicity following radiotherapy treatment. Methodological quality assessment was performed on all included studies using either the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale or a previously published investigator-derived quality instrument. The search identified 35 articles, of which 17 satisfied our eligibility criteria. Thirteen and eleven studies reported on acute and late toxicities respectively. Grade 3 acute skin toxicity ranged from 1 to 7% whilst moderate to severe fibrosis and telangiectasia were both limited to 9%. Reported toxicity profiles were comparable to historical data at similar time-points. Studies investigating the delivery of concurrent boosts with whole breast radiotherapy courses report safe short to medium-term toxicity profiles and cosmesis rates. Whilst the quality of evidence and length of follow-up supporting these findings is low, sufficient evidence has been generated to consider concurrent boost techniques as an alternative to conventional sequential techniques.     

黄色肉芽肿性前列腺炎合并良性前列腺增生1例报告并文献复习

目的提高对黄色肉芽肿性前列腺炎(xanthogranulomatous prostatitis,XGP)诊断及治疗的水平。方法回顾分析1例XGP的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果患者,男,56岁,进行性排尿困难半年余,加重10天入院。行经尿道等离子前列腺电切术,术后病理示"黄色肉芽肿性前列腺炎伴慢性化脓性炎及脓肿形成",术后1周排尿通畅并出院。随访6个月无排尿不适。结论 XGP属临床罕见疾病,治疗前应排除前列腺癌可能,确诊需依赖术后病理。可根据下尿路梗阻症状(low urinary tract symptom,LUTS)程度选择药物或手术治疗,并定期复查前列腺特异抗原(postate secific antigen,PSA)和长期随访。