Evidence-Based,Pharmacological Treatment Guideline for Depression in Korea,Revised Edition

This paper aims to introduce, summarize, and emphasize the importance of the ''Evidence-Based, Pharmacological Treatment Guideline for Depression in Korea, Revised Edition''. The guideline broadly covers most aspects of the pharmacological treatment of patients in Korea diagnosed with moderate to severe major depression according to the DSM-IV TR. The guideline establishment process involved determining and answering a number of key questions, searching and selecting publications, evaluating recommendations, preparing guideline drafts, undergoing external expert reviews, and obtaining approval. A guideline adaptation process was conducted for the revised edition. The guideline strongly recommends pharmacological treatment considered appropriate to the current clinical situation in Korea, and should be considered helpful when selecting the appropriate pharmacological treatment of patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Therefore, the wide distribution of this guideline is recommended.     

锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄血管内治疗疗效及安全性分析

目的研究症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄血管内治疗的疗效和安全性。方法选择31例症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄的患者行血管内自膨式支架成形术,分析其疗效及安全性。结果31例症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄患者中,均用自膨式支架成功完成血管内支架成形术,术后锁骨下动脉狭窄率明显改善、锁骨下动脉盗血综合征和上肢缺血症状明显改善,无并发症出现。结论采用自膨式支架治疗症状性锁骨下动脉闭塞或重度狭窄是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

婴幼儿无休止室性心动过速临床分析

目的:探讨婴幼儿无休止特发性室性心动过速的临床特点及诊治方法。方法:对2005年7月至2013年8月,在北京儿童医院住院确诊为婴幼儿无休止特发性室性心动过速的18例患儿的临床表现、实验室检查及治疗方法,进行回顾性分析。结果:婴幼儿无休止特发性室性心动过速男女比例2.6∶1,平均年龄13个月,就诊形式以烦躁哭闹为表现的6例,呕吐尿少的3例,发现心跳快的8例,伴有阿-斯发作(adams-stokes综合征)即心源性脑缺血综合征的4例,肺炎时发现心脏大的1例。心电图表现为持续的室性心动过速,速率160~300次/min,QRS时限为0.08~0.12s,V1以右束支阻滞形态的15例,来源于左心室,V1以左束支阻滞形态的3例,来源于右心室。心脏彩超4例正常,7例心脏左心室扩大,7例左心室中至重度扩大,心脏收缩功能减低,提示为心动过速心肌病,左心室型的盐酸维拉帕米缓释片应用12例,7例有效,5例无效,盐酸普罗帕酮片应用9例,3例有效,胺碘酮应用5例,1例有效。右心室型的应用酒石酸美托洛尔片3例,2例有效,胺碘酮应用1例,无效。洋地黄、三磷酸腺苷、利多卡因及艾斯洛尔无效,电击复律6例(20次),2例(4次)有效。4例行射频消融,室性心动过速消失,均无复发。结论:婴幼儿无休止特发性室性心动过速临床症状轻重不一,由于速率快,持续时间长易出现心动过速心肌病,并发心力衰竭、心源性休克及心脏猝死。药物治疗难度大,准确的分型有利于准确用药。射频消融为较好的根治方法。     

放大内镜结合窄带成像技术指导活检对诊断早期胃癌的重要性

目的评估放大内镜结合窄带成像技术（ME—NBI）在胃黏膜病变靶向活检中的意义。方法前瞻性收集2011年5月至2013年5月经普通白光内镜检查发现胃部可疑早期病变并取得活检病理者纳入研究,进一步行ME-NBI检查并指导再次活检,所有患者接受内镜下治疗。以内镜切除病理结果为金标准,比较2次内镜活检病理的诊断准确度。结果研究纳入113例患者。白光内镜活检病理、ME-NBI靶向活检病理与最终病理相比,总体符合率由22．1％（25／113）提高到54．0％（61／113,P〈0．0001）。对早期胃癌和高级别上皮内瘤变的诊断,ME-NBI靶向病理与白光内镜活检病理的灵敏度分别为70．9％和37．9％（P〈0．0001）;特异度均为90．0％;准确度分别为72．6％和42．5％（P〈0．0001）;阳性预测值分别为98．6％和97．5％,阴性预测值分别为23．1％和12．3％,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。ME—NBI靶向活检病理相对白光内镜活检病理的总体进展率为46．9％（53／113）。结论对于早期胃癌的诊断,ME-NBI靶向活检病理结果显著优于普通白光内镜,可为内镜切除治疗提供更好的依据。     

结节性多动脉炎累及冠状动脉的临床特点与诊治

<正>结节性多动脉炎(polyarteritisnodosa,PAN)是一种系统性坏死性血管炎,主要累及中小动脉,任何系统脏器的动脉均可受累。对PAN的诊断,目前均采用1990年美国风湿病学会(ACR)的分类标准[1]:(1)体质量下降≥4 kg(无节食或其他原因所致);(2)网状青斑(四肢和躯干);(3)睾丸痛和(或)压痛(并非感染、外伤或其他原因引起);(4)肌痛、乏     

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection after gastric surgery

The Maastricht IV/Florence Consensus Report and the Second Asia-Pacific Consensus Guidelines strongly recommend eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in patients with previous gastric neoplasia who have undergone gastric surgery.However,the guidelines do not mention optimal timing,eradication regimens,diagnostic tools,and follow-up strategies for patients undergoing gastrectomy and do not indicate if eradication of H.pylori reduces the risk of marginal ulcer or stump cancer in the residual stomach after gastrectomy.The purpose of this review is to provide an update which may help physicians to properly manage H.pylori infection in patients who have undergone gastric surgery.This review focuses on(1)the microenvironment change in the stomach after gastrectomy;(2)the phenomenon of spontaneous clearance of H.pylori after gastrectomy;(3)the effects of H.pylori on gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia after gastrectomy;(4)incidence and clinical features of ulcers developing after gastrectomy;(5)does eradication of H.pylori reduce the risk of gastric stump cancer in the residual stomach?(6)does eradication of H.pylori reduce the risk of secondary metachronous gastric cancer in the residual stomach?and(7)optimal timing and regimens for H.pylori eradication,diagnostic tools and follow-up strategies for patients undergoing gastrectomy.     

Clinical approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),leading to fibrosis and potentially cirrhosis,and it is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide.NAFLD is associated with other medical conditions such as metabolic syndrome,obesity,cardiovascular disease and diabetes.NASH can only be diagnosed through liver biopsy,but noninvasive techniques have been developed to identify patients who are most likely to have NASH or fibrosis,reducing the need for liver biopsy and risk to patients.Disease progression varies between individuals and is linked to a number of risk factors.Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis are associated with diet and lifestyle,influx of free fatty acids to the liver from adipose tissue due to insulin resistance,hepatic oxidative stress,cytokines production,reduced very low-density lipoprotein secretion and intestinal microbiome.Weight loss through improved diet and increased physical activity has been the cornerstone therapy of NAFLD.Recent therapies such as pioglitazone and vitamin E have been shown to be beneficial.Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and statins may offer additional benefits.Bariatric surgery should be considered in morbidly obese patients.More research is needed to assess the impact of these treatments on a long-term basis.The objective of this article is to briefly review the diagnosis,management and treatment of this disease in order to aid clinicians in managing these patients.     

Role of antispasmodics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a long-lasting, relapsing disorder characterized by abdominal pain/discomfort and altered bowel habits. Intestinal motility impairment and visceral hypersensitivity are the key factors among its multifactorial pathogenesis, both of which require effective treatment. Voltage-gated calcium channels mediate smooth muscle contraction and endocrine secretion and play important roles in neuronal transmission. Antispasmodics are a group of drugs that have been used in the treatment of IBS for decades. Alverine citrate, a spasmolytic, decreases the sensitivity of smooth muscle contractile proteins to calcium, and it is a selective 5-HT_1A receptor antagonist. Alverine, in combination with simethicone, has been demonstrated to effectively reduce abdominal pain and discomfort in a large placebo-controlled trial. Mebeverine is a musculotropic agent that potently blocks intestinal peristalsis. Non-placebo-controlled trials have shown positive effects of mebeverine in IBS regarding symptom control; nevertheless, in recent placebo-controlled studies, mebeverine did not exhibit superiority over placebo. Otilonium bromide is poorly absorbed from the GI tract, where it acts locally as an L-type calcium channel blocker, an antimuscarinic and a tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist. Otilonium has effectively reduced pain and improved defecation alterations in placebo-controlled trials in IBS patients. Pinaverium bromide is also an L-type calcium channel blocker that acts locally in the GI tract. Pinaverium improves motility disorders and consequently reduces stool problems in IBS patients. Phloroglucinol and trimethylphloroglucinol are non-specific antispasmodics that reduced pain in IBS patients in a placebo-controlled trial. Antispasmodics have excellent safety profiles. T-type calcium channel blockers can abolish visceral hypersensitivity in animal models, which makes them potential candidates for the development of novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of IBS.     

十年131例特发性室性心律失常患者起源分布、心电图特征及射频导管消融术效果的回顾性研究

目的分析131例特发性室性心律失常(IVAs)患者起源分布、心电图特征及射频导管消融(RFCA)术效果,为提高临床IVAs诊治水平提供参考。方法选取2009年1月—2018年10月在常州市武进人民医院心内科行RFCA术的IVAs患者131例,采用体表标准十二导联心电图分析其起源分布及不同起源部位患者心电图特征;比较左、右心室流出道起源的IVAs患者QRS波时限、下壁导联(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联)R波振幅及Ⅰ、aVL、aVR导联QRS波振幅,并比较行X线指导下与三维电解剖标测系统(Carto3)指导下RFCA术者RFCA术情况。结果(1)131例IVAs患者起源部位为右心室者91例(占69.47%),左心室者33例(占25.19%),心外膜者1例(占0.76%),不确定者6例(占4.58%)。(2)131例IVAs患者中起源部位为左心室流出道者19例(占14.50%),右心室流出道者77例(占58.78%)。起源部位为左心室流出道者QRS波时限长于起源部位为右心室流出道者,下壁导联(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联)R波振幅高于起源部位为右心室流出道者,aVL、aVR导联负向QRS波深于起源部位为右心室流出道者(P<0.05);左、右心室流出道起源的IVAs患者Ⅰ导联QRS波振幅比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)131例IVAs患者中行X线指导下RFCA术者77例,行Carto3指导下RFCA术者54例。行X线指导下与Carto3指导下RFCA术者IVAs类型、RFCA术成功率、手术时间、放电时间、成功消融部位V波领先QRS波起点时间及术后左心室舒张末期内径、左心房内径、左心室射血分数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);行X线指导下RFCA术者24 h动态心电图记录的室性期前收缩次数少于行Carto3指导下RFCA术者,联合起搏标测者所占比例、放电功率及X线暴露剂量高于行Carto3指导下RFCA术者,有效消融时间长于行Carto3指导下RFCA术者(P<0.05)。结论IVAs患者起源部位以右心室居多,不同起源部位尤其是左、右心室流出道起源的IVAs患者心电图表现存在一定差异,体表标准十二导联心电图有助于快速定位IVAs患者起源部位;X线指导下与Carto3指导下RFCA术成功率均较高,但与X线指导下RFCA术相比,Carto3指导下RFCA术有利于减少IVAs患者起搏标测,降低放电功率及X线暴露剂量,缩短有效消融时间等。     

Bowel endometriosis: Colorectal surgeon’s perspective in a multidisciplinary surgical team

Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that presents as endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. Up to 15% of women in their reproductive period are affected by this condition. Deep endometriosis is defined as endometriosis located more than 5 mm beneath the peritoneal surface. This type of endometriosis is mostly found on the uterosacral ligaments, inside the rectovaginal septum or vagina, in the rectosigmoid area, ovarian fossa, pelvic peritoneum, ureters, and bladder, causing a distortion of the pelvic anatomy. The frequency of bowel endometriosis is unknown, but in cases of bowel infiltration, about 90% are localized on the sigmoid colon or the rectum. Colorectal involvement results in alterations of bowel habits such as constipation, diarrhea, tenesmus, dyschezia, and, rarely, rectal bleeding. Differential diagnosis must be made in case of irritable bowel syndrome, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, and a rectal tumor. A precise diagnosis about the presence, location, and extent of endometriosis is necessary to plan surgical treatment. Multidisciplinary laparoscopic treatment has become the standard of care. Depending on the size of the lesion and site of involvement, full-thickness disc excision or bowel resection needs to be performed by an experienced colorectal surgeon. Long-term outcomes, following bowel resection for severe endometriosis, regarding pain and recurrence rate are good with a pregnancy rate of 50%.