Multiparametric Cystoscopy for Detection of Bladder Cancer Using Real-time Multispectral Imaging

Background: Various imaging modalities can be used in addition to white light (WL) to improve detection of bladder cancer (BC).Objective: To use real-time multispectral imaging (rMSI) during urethrocystoscopy to combine different imaging modalities to achieve multiparametric cystoscopy (MPC).Design, setting, and participants: The rMSI system consisted of a camera with a spectral filter, a multi-LED light source, a microcontroller, and a computer for display and data acquisition. MSI with this system was achieved via temporal multiplexing.Surgical procedure: MPC was performed in ten patients with a diagnosed bladder tumor.Measurements: We gathered evidence to prove the feasibility of our approach. In addition, experienced urologists performed post-interventional evaluation of images of individual lesions. Images were independently rated in a semiquantitative manner for each modality. A statistical model was built for pairwise comparisons across modalities.Results and limitations: Overall, 31 lesions were detected using the rMSI set-up. Histopathology revealed malignancy in 27 lesions. All lesions could be visualized simultaneously in five modalities: WL, enhanced vascular contrast (EVC), blue light fluorescence, protoporphyrin IX fluorescence, and autofluorescence. EVC and photodynamic diagnosis images were merged in real time into one MP image. Using the recorded images, two observers identified all malignant lesions via MPC, whereas the single modalities did not arouse substantial suspicion for some lesions. The MP images of malignant lesions were rated significantly more suspicious than the images from single imaging modalities.Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time the application of rMSI in endourology and we established MPC for detection of BC. This approach allows existing imaging modalities to be combined, and it may significantly improve the detection of bladder cancer.Patient summary: Real-time multispectral imaging was successfully used to combine different imaging aids for more comprehensive illustration of bladder tumors for surgeons. In the future, this technique may allow better detection of bladder tumors and more complete endoscopic resection in cases of cancer.     

经尿道双极等离子体前列腺剜除术的并发症分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨经尿道双极等离子体前列腺剜除术(TUPKEP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效。方法 对本院2009年3月~2012年4月收治的368例良性前列腺增生患者采用经尿道双极等离子体前列腺剜除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 368例患者手术均获完成。平均手术时间(55.1±19.2)min,术中平均出血量(88±26)mL,切除腺体平均重量(60.5±26.3)g,留置尿管时间(4.8±1.3)天,术后住院时间(5.9±1.8)天。并发症中,前列腺包膜穿孔4例,其中1例膀胱前列腺连接部穿孔行腹腔引流;12例术后拔除尿管后出现排尿困难,经重置尿管后缓解,轻度尿失禁38例,张力性尿失禁12例,无真性尿失禁发生;膀胱颈挛缩5例,输血6例,逆行射精86例,尿道狭窄10例,阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)39例,无TUR综合征及再次手术病例。术后患者IPSS、QOL、RVR 、Qmax与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 TUPKEP手术时间、术后留置尿管时间和住院时间较短,术中出血量、并发症少,是治疗前列腺增生的安全有效的方法,其并发症可控可防。     

2μm连续波激光治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁18例报告

目的 探讨2 μm连续波激光治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁的安全性和有效性.方法 我院2010年1月-2013年8月使用2 μm连续波激光治疗15例尿道狭窄和3例尿道闭锁.激光切割镜直视下进入尿道狭窄处,2 μm连续波激光对狭窄处尿道进行切开,切开满意后使用尿道探子从细到粗逐号扩张尿道,然后留置尿管1根.结果 18例手术均获成功,无并发症发生.手术时间20-90 min,平均40 min.术中出血量5-20 ml,平均10 ml.留置导尿管4周,所有患者拔除尿管后全部排尿通畅.15例随访2-36个月,平均12个月,5例拔管后逐渐出现尿线变细,经定期尿道扩张后好转.结论 2 μm连续波激光治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁安全有效,可在临床中推广使用.     

小体积前列腺增生的手术治疗

目的:探讨对小体积前列腺增生的手术治疗方法。方法:对32例小体积前列腺增生患者,在行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的同时,行膀胱颈环状纤维5、7点放射状切开。结果:术后随访6~18个月(平均12个月),IPSS评分及最大尿流率均得到明显改善,无一例出现膀胱颈挛缩。结论:TURP加膀胱颈环状纤维放射状切开,是治疗小体积前列腺增生引起的膀胱出口梗阻,并预防术后膀胱颈挛缩较理想的方法。     

经尿道前列腺部分汽化电切术治疗高危前列腺增生

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺部分汽化电切术(TUVP)治疗高危前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效。方法:对86例平均年龄为75岁的高危BPH患者,采用TUVP治疗,随访10~40个月。结果:86例手术时间15~90min,失血量100~200 ml,无经尿道电切综合征发生。国际前列腺症状评分由术前(25.3±4.6)分,下降至术后(9.6±2.8)分;生活质量评分由术前(5.2±0.6)分,下降至术后(2.4±0.5)分;最大尿流率由术前(6.3±3.0)ml/s上升至术后(14.2±5.3 ml/s);剩余尿量由术前(88.8±13.4)ml,下降至术后(17.2±14.8)ml。手术前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论:TUVP是治疗高龄高危BPH有效、安全性好、并发症少的方法。     

前列腺动脉栓塞术与经尿道前列腺切除术治疗良性前列腺增生的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的探讨前列腺动脉栓塞术(PAE)与经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的有效性及安全性。方法选择2016年1月—10月40例BPH患者,根据数表法随机分为PAE组(20例)及TURP组(20例)。对比分析2组患者术前及术后疗效评价指标[国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、前列腺体积(PV)、排泄后残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)]、术后并发症发生率及性功能障碍发生率的差异。结果 2组间术前IPSS、QOL、PV、PVR、Qmax、PSA差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后3、6、12个月,2组患者IPSS、QOL、PV、PVR、PSA均较术前明显减低(P均0.05),Qmax较术前明显增高(P0.05);术后3个月2组间疗效指标差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),术后6、12个月差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。TURP组术后并发症发生率高于PAE组(χ~2=4.329,P=0.037)。2组间性功能障碍发生率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.105,P=0.147)。结论 PAE和TURP治疗BPH均可显著改善临床症状。术后3个月TURP疗效优于PAE,但PAE更微创、术后并发症少。     

Acidente vascular cerebral no perioperatório após ressecção transuretral de próstata: alto índice de suspeita e estabilização de parâmetros fisiológicos podem salvar vidas

We report a case of a 72 year old hypertensive male who developed severe hypertension followed by neurological deterioration in the immediate postoperative period after transurethral resection of prostate. While arterial blood gas and laboratory tests excluded transurethral resection of prostate syndrome or any other metabolic cause, reduction of blood pressure failed to ameliorate the symptoms. A cranial CT done 4 hours after the onset of neurological symptoms revealed bilateral gangliocapsular and right thalamic infarcts. Oral aspirin was advised to prevent early recurrent stroke. Supportive treatment and mechanical ventilation ensured physiological stability and the patient recovered completely over the next few days without any residual neurological deficit.     

Long-term Cancer-specific Outcomes of TaG1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

Background

Few studies have investigated the natural history of TaG1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).

Objective

To assess the long-term outcomes of patients with TaG1 UCB and the impact of immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy (IPIC).

Design, setting, and participants

A retrospective analysis of 1447 patients with TaG1 UCB treated between 1996 and 2007 at eight centers. Median follow-up was 67.2 mo (interquartile range: 67.9). Patients were stratified into three European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines risk categories; high-risk patients (n = 11) were excluded.

Intervention

Transurethral resection of the bladder with or without IPIC.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed factors associated with disease recurrence, disease progression, death of disease, and any-cause death.

Results and limitations

Of the 1436 patients, 601 (41.9%) and 835 (58.1%) were assigned to low- and intermediate-risk categories, respectively. The actuarial estimate of 5-yr recurrence-free survival was 56% (standard error: ±1). Advancing age (p = 0.04), tumor >3 cm (p = 0.001), multiple tumors (p < 0.001), and recurrent tumors (p < 0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of disease recurrence, whereas IPIC was associated with decreased risk (p = 0.001). The actuarial estimate of 5-yr progression-free survival was 95% ± 1. Advancing age (p < 0.001) and multiple tumors (p = 0.01) were independent risk factors for disease progression. Five-year cancer-specific survival was 98% ± 1. Advancing age (p = 0.001) and previous recurrence (p = 0.04) were associated with increased risk, whereas female gender (p = 0.02) was associated with decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality. Compared with low-risk patients, intermediate-risk patients were at significantly higher risk of disease recurrence, disease progression, and cancer-specific mortality (all p < 0.01). Limitations include the retrospective design of the study and the lack of a central pathology review.

Conclusions

TaG1 UCB patients experience heterogeneous risks of disease recurrence. We validated the EAU guidelines risk stratification in TaG1 UCB patients. IPIC was associated with a reduced risk of disease recurrence in patients with low- and intermediate-risk TaG1 UCB.     

经尿道等离子体双极前列腺电切术与经尿道前列腺电切术的疗效比较研究

目的:对比研究经尿道等离子体双极电切术(transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate,PKRP)及经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of prostate,TURP)的安全性与临床疗效。方法:纳入2010年3月至2012年9月78例有下尿路症状(lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS)的良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者,按1:1的比例随机分为两组,一组行PKRP(PKRP组),另一组行TURP(TURP组)。对比两组患者术前、术后(1个月、12个月)国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom scores,IPSS)、最大尿流率(maximum flow-rate,Qmax)、生活质量(quality of life,QOL)、残余尿量(postvoid residual volume,PVR),围手术期基本情况,如手术时间、留置导尿管时间、膀胱冲洗量、住院时间;并发症发生率,如经尿道电切综合征(transurethral resection syndrome,TURS)、输血、尿潴留、尿道狭窄等。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中与术后冲洗液量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、包膜穿孔、尿道损伤、输血、尿潴留、二次手术、尿道狭窄发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PKRP组留置导尿管时间、住院时间明显少于TURP组。PKRP组无一例发生TURS,TURP组中6例患者发生TURS(P<0.05)。术后1个月、12个月两组患者IPSS、Qmax、QOL、PVR差异均无统计学意义,但两组患者IPSS评分均较术前显著下降,Qmax显著增高,PVR显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:PKRP与TURP具有相同的治疗效果,相较TURP,PKRP具有更短的留置导尿管时间、住院时间,发生TURS的风险更低;因此,PKRP是可供选择的前景良好的治疗BPH的微创术式。