阿托伐他汀对不稳定性心绞痛PCI术后炎症因子的影响

目的研究阿托伐他汀强化治疗对不稳定性心绞痛患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后高敏C-反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α-和白细胞介素-6及血脂水平的影响。方法选择2007年10月～2008年4月在我院行PCI术的60例不稳定性心绞痛患者为研究对象，随机分为三组：常规治疗组（20例）：常规药物治疗；阿托伐他汀治疗组：在常规治疗基础上分别加用20mg（20例）和80mg（20例）阿托伐他汀治疗3d。分别于药物治疗前、药物治疗后3a（术前当天）及术后24h采集空腹静脉血，测定血清hs—CRP、TNFα、IL-6和血脂浓度。结果（1）常规治疗组与20mg阿托伐他汀组血清hs—CRP、TNFα．和IL-6浓度治疗3d后均没有显著性变化，而在PCI术后则均有显著性升高（P〈0．05）。（2）80mg阿托伐他汀治疗组治疗3d后hs—CRP、TNFα．和IL-6浓度均呈明显降低（P〈0．05），且经PCI术后亦无显著性升高。（3）三组治疗前、后的各血脂成份的变化差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论PCI术可以导致血清hs—CRP、TNFα．和IL-6水平升高；阿托伐他汀（80mg）强化治疗3d后可明显控制PCI术后血清hs—CRP、TNFα．和IL-6水平的上升，从而减少心血管事件的发生。     

PARTNER~(TM)药物洗脱支架的临床应用

目的:评价PARTNERTM药物洗脱支架的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2006年1～12月111例冠心病患者,所有患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗置入PARTNERTM药物洗脱支架,术后对患者进行随访,观察有无胸痛复发、心电图改变及重要心血管不良事件的发生。结果:111例患者共180处病变置入196枚PARTNERTM药物洗脱支架,手术成功率100%,胸痛缓解无复发,术后无重要心血管不良事件发生。结论:PCI术中应用国产PARTNERTM雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架近期疗效满意,应用安全方便。     

Temporary strecker stent for management of acute dissection in popliteal and crural arteries

Stent placement is a widely used bail-out treatment for dissection of peripheral arteries. Below the level of the superficial femoral artery permanent stenting is complicated by a high incidence of subacute thrombosis and restenosis. We present two cases of arterial occlusion due to acute iatrogenic dissection of the popliteal and distal fibular arteries. Successful treatment was achieved with a new bail-out procedure. Strecker stents were implanted to seal off the dissection flap. Stents were retrieved easily after 24 hr using a myocardial biopsy forceps. After stent retrieval the temporarily stented segments were patent and showed a larger lumen compared with segments treated by balloon dilatation alone. Temporary stenting is a simple and safe procedure and offers the advantage of tacking up dissection membranes and preventing recoil. Persistent presence of a metallic implant as a source of continued injury and stimulus for intimal proliferation is avoided.     

Intraarterial pressure gradients after randomized angioplasty or stenting of iliac artery lesions

Purpose To determine initial technical results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent procedures in the iliac artery, mean intraarterial pressure gradients were recorded before and after each procedure. Methods We randomly assigned 213 patients with typical intermittent claudication to primary stent placement (n=107) or primary PTA (n=106), with subsequent stenting in the case of a residual mean pressure gradient of >10 mmHg (n=45). Eligibility criteria included angiographic iliac artery stenosis (>50% diameter reduction) and/or a peak systolic velocity ratio >2.5 on duplex examination. Mean intraarterial pressures were simultaneously recorded above and below the lesion, at rest and also durign vasodilatation in the case of a resting gradient ≤10 mmHg. Results Pressure gradients in the primary stent group were 14.9±10.4 mmHg before and 2.9±3.5 mmHg after stenting. Pressure gradients in the primary PTA group were 17.3±11.3 mmHg pre-PTA, 4.2±5.4 mmHg post-PTA, and 2.5±2.8 mmHg after selective stenting. Compared with primary stent placement, PTA plus selective stent placement avoided application of a stent in 63% (86/137) of cases, resulting in a considerable cost saving. Conclusion Technical results of primary stenting and PTA plus selective stenting are similar in terms of residual pressure gradients.     

经皮经肝肝静脉成形术治疗肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征

目的探讨和评价经皮肝穿刺入路肝静脉腔内成形(percutaneous transhepatic recanalization and angioplasty of hepatic vein,PTRAHV)治疗肝静脉型Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的可行性和中远期疗效。方法自1996年9月至2006年10月收治单纯肝静脉阻塞型及肝静脉阻塞伴有下腔静脉阻塞型BCS患者101例,在PTRAHV前后经导管测定患者肝静脉压力,观察围手术期并发症,并分别于术前、术后6个月彩超测量门静脉内径、平均流速和血流方向等,计算对比血流量,随访观察受干预血管的通畅率。结果技术成功率91.1%(92/101)。术中急性肝静脉血栓形成3例,术后发生肝穿刺道出血2例,肝包膜下血肿1例,肺栓塞1例,均经保守治疗痊愈,未发生致死性并发症。随访74例,术后6个月门静脉平均流速和血流量参数均高于术前(P<0.05);术后6个月、1年和2年的受干预血管的初始再通率分别为83.8%(62/74)、78.4%(58/74)和76.5%(39/51),其辅助再通率分别为94.6%(70/74)、91.9%(68/74)和84.3%(43/51)。结论采用PTRAHV技术治疗膜性或节段性肝静脉型BCS操作简单、安全、有效,其中远期效果令人满意。     

冠状动脉介入手术对冠心病患者心理状态影响

目的探讨冠心病患者行冠状动脉介入手术前后的心理变化。方法采用汉密尔顿焦虑、抑郁量表进行心理状态评分,观察焦虑和抑郁是否随血运重建而改善。结果对210例冠状动脉介入手术成功患者进行心理状态评分,应答率为100%。术前122例患焦虑,其中65例处于焦虑状态（30.95%）,57例肯定焦虑（27.14%）,占总调查人数的58.10%;80例患抑郁,40例处于抑郁状态（19.04%）,40例肯定抑郁（19.04%）,占总调查人数的38.08%。出院时,114例仍有焦虑,64例处于焦虑状态（30.48%）,50例肯定焦虑（23.81%）,占总调查人数的54.29%;89例患抑郁,44例处于抑郁状态（20.95%）,45例肯定抑郁（21.43%）,占总调查人数的42.38%。结论成功的介入手术并不能明显改善冠心病患者的焦虑和抑郁。     

主动脉夹层覆膜支架腔内修复术后并发症

目的总结覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗主动脉夹层的经验,分析、探讨各种并发症发生的原因及处理方法。方法2002年4月至2009年1月,346例连续性覆膜支架腔内修复术的降主动脉夹层患者,包括B型夹层303例,B型主动脉穿通性溃疡（不典型夹层）39例,A型夹层术后并发症4例;男性304例,女性42例;平均年龄50.6岁。术后1个月、6个月、12个月及每年行CTA影像随访。统计不同时间段的并发症,计算其发生率及死亡率,按各并发症的发生与否分组进行logistic回归分析,探讨其发生的影响因素。结果术中无死亡,技术成功率99.7%。围手术期主要并发症率及死亡率分别为2.6%和1.7%。随访31.3±23.7月,并发症率及死亡率分别为4.6%为2.1%。主要并发症包括逆行型A型夹层（n=5）、支架一端新破口形成（n=13）、缺血性脑卒中（n=2）等。内漏的总发生率21.4%,随访中59.5%消失。结论尽管主动脉夹层覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗B型主动脉夹层疗效显著,但严重并发症不容忽视。     

15例逆行导引钢丝技术治疗慢性完全闭塞病变的围手术期护理

总结了15例冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变行逆行导引钢丝技术的术后护理.主要采取以下护理措施:密切观察病情变化,积极预防术后并发症,包括冠状动脉穿孔、血管并发症、胃肠道反应、时比剂肾病及放射性损伤等,并做好出院指导.本组住院期间无不良心血管事件发生,患者均好转出院.     

Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery thrombi

To validate the hypothesis that artery sites occluded with thrombi release pro-inflammatory cytokines, we measured concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in infarct-related coronary artery thrombi and atherosclerotic plaque specimens obtained with a transluminal extraction catheter (TEC) from cases of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Fifteen patients (group I) were enrolled in the study and four sets of samples were obtained (taken from the right atrium both before and after angioplasty, from infarct-related coronary artery thrombi and atherosclerotic plaque aspirated with a TEC and from the thoracic aorta aspirated with a TEC). Ten patients undergoing elective TEC served as controls (group II). IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in all patients by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both IL-6 and IL-8 levels of infarct-related coronary artery samples in group I were significantly higher than in group II (mean ± SEM, 15.3 ± 4.5 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2 pg/ml; P < 0.01 and 44.0 ± 2.4 vs. 15.6 ± 0.6 pg/ml; P < 0.001, respectively). The results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines originate from occluded coronary arteries in acute MI.     

替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷对早期行PCI术的NSTE-ACS合并T2DM患者围术期炎症因子的影响

[目的]比较替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对早期行经皮冠状动脉支架植入术(PCI)的非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者围术期炎症因子的影响.[方法]选择2015年9月至2017年2月本院收治的117例早期行PCI术的NSTE-ACS合并T2DM患者,根据患者服用的抗血小板聚集药物不同将其分为氯吡格雷组(n=72)和替格瑞洛组(n=45).两组均给予常规治疗,均在PCI术前给予阿司匹林片300 mg负荷量,之后为100 mg/d,氯吡格雷组在PCI术前予氯吡格雷300 mg负荷量,之后按每次75 mg,1次/日;替格瑞洛组在PCI术前予替格瑞洛180 mg负荷量,之后按每次90 mg,2次/日.分别于术前、术后6 h、术后24 h、术后3 d、术后1周检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素 1β (IL-1β) 、可溶性 CD40 配体 (sCD40L)水平.[结果]PCI术前,两组hs-CRP、IL-6、 IL-1β 、sCD40L水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PCI后6 h,两组hs-CRP、IL-6、 IL-1β、sCD40L水平较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组hs-CRP、IL-6、 IL-1β 、sCD40L升高水平比较,替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PCI后24 h、3 d、1周两组hs-CRP、IL-6、 IL-1β 、sCD40L水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PCI后24 h、3 d、1周两组hs-CRP、IL-6、 IL-1β 、sCD40L下降水平比较,替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]氯吡格雷和替格瑞洛对合并T2DM的NSTE-ACS患者PCI术后早期炎症反应均有明显抑制作用,且替格瑞洛的抑制作用明显优于氯吡格雷.