药刀治疗第三腰椎横突综合征的临床研究

目的：探讨药刀在L3横突综合征治疗中的应用及临床效果。方法：自2009年12月至2010年10月,应用药刀治疗L3横突综合征38例,33例获得随访,其中男19例,女14例;年龄28～58岁,平均（37.6±7.8）岁;病程10d～14个月,平均（126.9±14.7）d。患者以单侧腰部酸痛,侧方弯腰受限,久坐或劳累后腰背部酸痛加重,并向患侧大腿及腘窝部放射,但酸痛不过膝关节为主要临床症状。患侧L3横突尖部压痛明显,局部可触及挛缩肌束,X线片示L3横突左右不对称,结合CT、MR检查以排除椎管狭窄、肿瘤及椎间盘突出病变。应用药刀挑拨、松解粘连,随后注入复合药物：0.2%利多卡因3ml、曲安奈德5ml（50mg）加0.9%生理盐水至10ml。经1次治疗疼痛无明显改善者1周后行第2次治疗,治疗次数不超过3次。治疗前及治疗后（随访时）按照JOA下腰痛评分系统从下腰痛、腿痛或麻木感、步态、直腿抬高试验、感觉障碍、运动障碍和膀胱功能等方面进行疗效评定。结果：33例获随访,时间2～12个月,平均4个月。伤口均Ⅰ甲愈合,无其他并发症。临床症状均有明显改善,其中经1次治疗者22例,2次7例,3次4例。JOA评分由术前的（7.03±3.81）分恢复至术后的（13.29±3.78）分。优26例,良5例,可2例。结论：L3横突综合征是药刀治疗的适应证之一,只要诊断明确,病灶定位准确,操作方法正确,其临床疗效确切,并发症少,安全性高。     

活体肝移植小肝综合征的研究进展

目的 探讨在活体肝移植中小肝综合征发生的原因、预防及治疗方法.方法 复习国内、外近几年活体肝移植术后有关小肝综合征的相关报道.结果 供体年龄、脂肪肝程度、受体术前疾病状态(MELD评分)、术后高门静脉灌注、流出道不畅及移植物大小和质量对活体肝移植术后小肝综合征的发生起着重要作用,术前选择最佳的供体,术中的脾脏切除或脾动脉结扎或对门静脉限流,保证流出道的绝对通畅,术后及早发现并积极治疗能显著减少小肝综合征的发生.结论 小肝综合征的危险因素是可以预测的,积极的应对措施可以用于小肝综合征的预防与治疗.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血清C反应蛋白、内皮素-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)中的变化及其意义.方法 选取经多导睡眠监测系统(PSG)确诊且未经治疗并排除其他疾病的OSAHS患者60例为OSAHS组;对照组为50例PSG监测正常且排除其他疾病者.分别测定CRP、ET-1、TNF-α水平.结果 OSAHS组血清CRP、ET-1、TNF-α分别为(7.87±6.56) mg/L、(84.24±23.46) ng/L、(24.83±5.89) ng/L,均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 血清CRP、ET-1、TNF-α水平在OSAHS患者中均升高,表明它们均参与了OSAHS的病理生理过程,OSAHS患者存在着系统性炎症.     

The impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on survival in pediatric patients with respiratory and heart failure: review of our experience

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is widely used for circulatory support in pediatric cardiac patients with low cardiac output and hypoxemia. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of ECMO support for respiratory and heart failure in infants and children. From April 2002 to February 2011, 14 patients aged 19 days to 20 years old (average 44 months), with body weight 2.6 kg to 71 kg (median 14.1 kg), underwent ECMO support for failing cardiac function, hypoxemia, and low cardiac output syndrome. In 12 patients, ECMO was introduced after operation for congenital heart disease (four with complete repair including Fontan circulation, and eight with palliative repair). In one patient, ECMO was introduced after partial pulmonary resection for congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation because of respiratory failure. ECMO was introduced in a patient with severe heart failure caused by fulminant myocarditis. Patients' demographics, duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, additional support, and outcomes were analyzed. Ten patients (71%) were successfully weaned from ECMO, and eight patients (57%) were discharged from the hospital. The mean duration of ECMO support was 332 h (range 11–2030 h). Although management of the ECMO circuit, including anticoagulation (activated clotting time: 150–250), was conducted following the institutional practice guidelines, it was difficult to control the bleeding. Seven patients required renal replacement therapy during ECMO support using peritoneal dialysis or continuous hemodiafiltration. Five patients had additional operative procedures: systemic–pulmonary shunt in two, bidirectional Glenn takedown with right modified Blalock–Taussig shunt, total cavopulmonary connection takedown, and redo ECMO in one patient each. The patient who had the longest ECMO support for respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome after lung surgery was successfully weaned from ECMO because high‐frequency oscillation (HFO) improved respiratory function. ECMO for heart and respiratory failure in infants and children is effective and allows time for recovery of cardiac dysfunction and acute hypoxic insult. The long‐term ECMO support for over 2000 h was very rare, but it was possible to wean this patient from ECMO using HFO.     

特利加压素治疗肝叶切除术后肝肾综合征的疗效分析

目的分析特利加压素治疗肝叶切除术后肝肾综合征（HRS）的临床疗效。方法42例患者分为A组和B组,在综合治疗的基础上,A组给予利尿合剂和白蛋白治疗,B组给予特利加压素和白蛋白治疗,疗程均为7d。治疗期间观察患者一般临床症状、尿量、血清尿素氮和肌酐以及并发症等指标。结果疗程结束后,A组尿量治疗前为（663±249）ml／d,治疗后为（987±354）ml／d,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,尿素氮和肌酐较治疗前有所下降,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;B组尿量治疗前为（598±324）ml／d,治疗后为（1956±875）ml／d,尿素氮由（19．4±5．8）mmol／L下降至（10．5±4．3）mmol／L,肌酐由（231．2±69．8）μmol／L下降至（128．9±35．2）μmol／L,治疗前、后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗前两组的尿量、尿素氮和肌酐差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,治疗后与A组比较,B组变化更明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组的并发症差异无统计学意义。结论特利加压素治疗肝叶切除术后HRS优于常用的利尿合剂,具有良好的疗效。     

能量代谢对腹膜透析患者代谢综合征发生及维持的影响

目的 探讨腹膜透析患者代谢综合征（MS）的发生及维持与其能量代谢的关系,尤其透析液糖负荷在其中的作用。 方法 采用回顾性自身前后对照的方法观察126例腹膜透析患者近1年前后MS、透析液糖负荷及摄入能量的变化情况,研究能量摄入对MS的影响。采用横断面研究的方法对MS状态稳定的患者测定静息能量代谢,并通过活动记录评估身体活动水平来研究能量消耗对腹膜透析患者MS的影响。 结果 由非MS变为MS的患者在糖负荷增加组中的比例明显高于在糖负荷不变或减少组中的比例（κ2 = 9.552,P = 0.002）。在糖负荷增加的非MS变为MS亚组中,后半年比与前半年比较,血三酰甘油（TG）显著升高（P < 0.01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）显著下降（P < 0.05）,而腰围及血糖无显著变化;MS变为非MS组患者后半年C反应蛋白（CRP）比前半年显著下降（P < 0.05）。MS变为非MS组患者前后半年饮食能量摄入差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,非MS变为MS组患者后半年饮食能量摄入没有比前半年增加,反而有所减少（P < 0.05）。在36例MS状态稳定且透析液糖负荷稳定的患者中,MS组和非MS组的每日每体表面积静息能量消耗水平差异无统计学意义（t = 0.840,P > 0.05）,但MS组的身体活动水平显著低于非MS组（t = 2.358,P < 0.05）。 结论 透析液糖负荷的增加是MS发生的重要影响因素之一,主要通过对血TG、血HDL-C的影响改变腹膜透析患者MS状态。炎性反应也是腹膜透析患者MS维持或改变的重要影响因素。尽管研究未发现饮食能量摄入和静息能量代谢影响腹膜透析患者MS的发生及维持,但活动少的生活习惯在腹膜透析患者MS的维持中起到重要作用。     

11例Mirizzi综合征的外科诊治分析

目的 讨论Mirizzi综合征的临床特点及临床合理有效的手术方法.方法 总结并回顾分析11例Mirizzi综合证的临床资料.结果 11例病人均经术中证实,恢复良好,治愈出院,随访1～3 a.无严重并发症发生.结论 Mirizzi综合征术前诊断困难,多于术中证实.根据不同病理类型应采取不同手术方法,可获得良好效果.     

氯美扎酮联合吲哚美辛栓治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎／慢性盆腔疼痛综合征的研究

目的评价氯美扎酮联合吲哚美辛栓治疗以疼痛为主诉的慢性非细菌性前列腺炎／慢性盆腔疼痛综合征（CP／CPPS）的疗效。方法对符合CP／CPPS标准的180例患者随机分为吲哚美辛栓组、氯美扎酮联合吲哚美辛栓组及特拉唑嗪组,疗程4周。在治疗结束时进行疗效判定,疗效评价标准采用视觉模拟评分方法。结果中途退出7例,173例患者进行了疗效评价,联合治疗组症状改善总有效率与吲哚美辛栓组（x^2=3．87,P〈0．05）和特拉唑嗪组（x^2=6．82,P〈0．01）相比疗效差异有统计学意义。治疗过程中无严重不良反应发生。结论氯美扎酮联合吲哚美辛栓可作为CP／CPPS疼痛患者的一种有效治疗手段。     

Wunderlich's Syndrome in a Tuberous Sclerosis Patient

Spontaneous non-traumatic renal hemorrhage known as Wunderlich's syndrome is known to occur in renal angiomyolipoma and may be the first manifestation of the disease. Angiomyolipomas in tuberous sclerosis are usually bilateral and multicentric. A 25yr old female, a case of Tuberous sclerosis with bilateral renal angiomyolipomas presented with right loin pain of increasing severity. On evaluation she had acute abdomen with increasing abdominal distension. Investigations revealed large right perinephric hematoma with bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. Exploratory laparotomy and right nephrectomy was done. Spontaneous hemorrhage in renal angiomyolipoma in a case of tuberous sclerosis and management are discussed.     

肝肾联合移植的单中心经验总结

目的 分析单中心肝肾联合移植(SLKT)的治疗效果.方法 1999-2010年间共实施SLKT 21例,患者的原发疾病分别为多囊病11例,病毒性肝炎后肝硬化合并肝肾综合征5例,慢性肾炎肾功能衰竭合并肝硬化2例,肾移植术后移植肾功能丧失合并肝硬化2例,肝炎后肝硬化合并糖尿病肾病1例.统计患者的资料,与同期同中心"中国肝移植注册网站"收录的肝炎后肝硬化行肝移植的133例(LT组)和"中国肾移植科学登记系统"收录的尸体肾移植609例(KT组)进行对比,分析各组受者术前状态和预后的差异.结果 SLKT组术前终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分为21.3±5.5,血肌酐为(516.0±329.9)mmol/L;LT组术前MELD评分为20.6±9.9,血肌酐为(111.4±138.1)mmol/L,与SLKT组相比较,血肌酐的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).SLKT组中,3例分别于术后2周、半年和5年因感染而死亡,1例因多器官功能衰竭而死亡,1例于术后5年自行停药,因排斥反应而死亡.SLKT组术后1年内移植肾急性排斥反应的发生率为零,KT组为6 %(P＞0.05).术后SLKT组移植肾功能延迟恢复的发生率为9.5 %,KT组为17.3 %(P＞0.05).SLKT组术后1、3和5年的受者存活率分别为87.7 %、67.8 %和67.8 %,LT组分别为84.2 %、73.5 %和69.4 %(P＞0.05).结论 SLKT是终末期肝、肾疾病的有效、安全的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the curative effect of simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT) for patients with end-stage liver and kidney diseases and liver cirrhosis patients with hepatorenal syndrome.Methods All SLKTs (n=21) performed at our center from January 1999 to December 2010 were reviewed and SLKT outcomes were compared with those of kidney transplantation (KT) (n=609) and liver transplantation (LT) (n=133) performed during the same period.Results There were 3 deaths due to infection 2 weeks, 6 months and 5 years respectively after operation. One patient died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 2 weeks after operation. One patient was dead 5 years after operation because of rejection. MELD level between SLKT and LT had no significant difference, but serum creatinine in SLKT group was significantly higher than in LT group (516.0±329.9 vs 111.4±138.1 mmol/L, P<0.01). The 1-year acute kidney rejection rate and rate of delayed graft function (DGF) of the kidney had no significant difference between SLKT group (0 vs 9.5 %) and KT group (6 % vs 17.3 %). There was no significant difference in one-, 3- and 5-year patient survival rate between SLKT group (87.7 %, 67.8 % and 67.8 %) and LT group (84.2 %, 73.5 % and 69.4 %).Conclusion SLKT is a safe and effective treatment for end-stage liver and kidney diseases.