14例食管癌放疗后复发再程放疗的疗效观察

目的:观察食管癌放疗后复发再程放疗的疗效.方法:对14例再程放疗的食管癌患者采用Varian 23EX电子直线加速器适形放疗,1.2Gy/次,2次/日,总剂量DT33~62Gy,放疗2~3周.结果:10例病变消退(8例食道黏膜恢复,2例癌性狭窄,采用球囊扩张扩大食道,可正常进食),无效3例病灶扩大,1例发生呕血,死亡;未发生放射性脊髓炎,有不同程度放射性食管炎;1年存活率50.00%、2年存活率28.57%.结论:放疗后复发再程放疗,有助于消除食管癌复发症状,改善患者生存质量,安全可靠,但仍有部分患者难获显著疗效.     

Environmental exposures,breast development and cancer risk: Through the looking glass of breast cancer prevention

This review summarizes the report entitled: Breast Cancer and the Environment: Prioritizing Prevention, highlights research gaps and the importance of focusing on early life exposures for breast development and breast cancer risk.     

Quelles indications d’hospitalisation d’un patient avec addiction ? Application du modèle des pathologies chroniques. Une étude de validité apparente

IntroductionThe medical identification of an addiction (use disorder) often results in inpatient admission with a view to its definitive suspension. However, for other chronic diseases, inpatient admission is indicated for specific situations and the objective is not the definitive suspension of the chronic disease. Our goal was to clarify addiction as a chronic disease and to determine explicit indications for inpatient admission.MethodThree-stage face validity study: (1) from the analysis of consensual definitions, search by the subset theory whether addiction can be considered as a chronic disease; (2) Develop generic indications for inpatient admissions based on the analysis of chronic disease care pathways validated by the HAS (French Health Agency) and apply them to addiction; (3) Validate by Delphi expert consensus method the determined indications.ResultsStep (1) showed that the definition of addiction allowed to include it in that of chronic disease. Step (2) determined 7 indications for inpatient admission of a patient with a chronic disease, and its application to addiction identified 15 indications for inpatient admission of a patient with addiction. In step (3), the Delphi method yielded consensus on 14 of the 15 indications.ConclusionBy clarifying addiction as a chronic disease, we were able to determine 14 indications for inpatient admission of a person with an addiction and to distinguish them from the long-term care of addiction. These explicit indications can help the general practitioner or community psychiatrist to better manage patients with addiction on the basis of their expertise with chronic diseases management.     

PICC维护网络的构建与实施对全程优质护理的影响

目的 探讨构建PICC维护网络并实施对院外带管患者全程优质护理质量的影响.方法 随机选取2012年6月至2014年6月期间接受区域导管维护患者120例为干预组,同期常规导管维护的120例患者为对照组,通过比较两组患者的PICC留置时间、维护费用、PICC相关并发症、自我护理能力、生活质量等指标,以评价PICC维护网络构建实施的效果.结果 干预组患者PICC留置时间长于对照组(P<0.05),维护费用低于对照组(P<0.05);干预组PICC相关并发症发生率为6.67%,明显低于对照组的18.33%(P<0.05),自我护理能力评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),满意度为95.83%,显著高于对照组的76.67%(P<0.01);干预组患者生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 PICC维护网络构建与实施突破了常规PICC维护的局限性,降低并发症发生率进而延长PICC留置时间和缓解家庭经济压力,同时全程健康教育和技术指导促进自我护理能力,提高患者对护理服务的满意度,改善其生活质量,满足院外带管患者的护理需求,是一种安全且达到护患双赢的护理模式,值得在全国范围内广泛开展和应用.     

Association of Anti-PLA2R Antibodies with Outcomes after Immunosuppressive Therapy in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy

Background

The optimal timing and duration of immunosuppressive therapy for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) have been debated. This study aimed to evaluate whether measuring the antibody against the phospholipase A₂ receptor (PLA₂R-ab) at start and end of therapy predicts long-term outcome and therefore may inform this debate.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This observational study included all consecutive high-risk patients with progressive iMN observed from 1997 to 2005 and treated with oral cyclophosphamide (CP) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in combination with corticosteroids for 12 months. Patients were prospectively followed, and outcome was ascertained up to 5 years after completion of immunosuppressive therapy. Serum samples were collected before and after completion of therapy. PLA₂R antibodies were determined retrospectively in stored samples using ELISA.

Results

In total, 48 patients (37 men) were included. The median age was 55 years (range, 34–75), and the median serum creatinine level was 1.60 mg/dl (range, 0.98–3.37 mg/dl). Twenty-two patients received MMF and 26 received CP. At baseline, PLA₂R-abs were present in 34 patients (71%). Baseline characteristics and outcome did not significantly differ between patients negative or positive for PLA₂R-ab. In PLA₂R-ab–positive patients, treatment resulted in a rapid decrease of antibodies: median anti–PLA₂R-ab, 428 U/ml (range, 41–16,260 U/ml) at baseline and 24 U/ml (range, 0–505 U/ml) after 2 months. The PLA₂R-ab levels at baseline did not predict initial response, but antibody status at end of therapy predicted long-term outcome: After 5 years, 14 of 24 (58%) antibody-negative patients were in persistent remission compared with 0 of 9 (0%) antibody-positive patients (P=0.003).

Conclusions

These data suggest that in PLA₂R-ab–positive patients, measuring PLA₂R-abs at the end of therapy predicts the subsequent course.     

2017-2018年东南大学附属中大医院血必净注射液的使用合理性分析

目的了解东南大学附属中大医院血必净注射液的应用情况,为提高合理应用提供参考。方法调取东南大学附属中大医院2017年1月—2018年12月应用血必净注射液的病历共1 344份,对其临床应用情况进行统计和分析。结果 929份含血必净注射液的病历主要集中在骨科,占69.12%,普外科占24.26%。适应症方面:骨科有适应症使用比例仅为39.3%。用法用量方面,血必净的使用量(50～100 mL)及溶剂体积(100 mL)的合格率分别为98.66%、96.95%,给药频次的合格率仅为17.26%,主要以1次/d给药为主。疗程方面,3～14d给药时间占79.01%。联合用药方面,抗菌药物与血必净注射液联合应用率高达78.94%,其中27.60%抗菌药物使用为预防用药,51.34%抗菌药物使用为抗感染治疗。此外,血必净注射液与丹参川芎嗪、痹祺胶囊、盘龙七片及接骨七里片等联合使用的频次较高,属于重复用药。结论需加强血必净注射液在用法用量及联合用药方面的的处方审核,尤其在使用频次及重复给药方面,需严格把控。此外,血必净注射液在骨科的使用比较多,符合适应症的比例较低,临床药师应加大干预力度、多与临床医生沟通,为医生提供合理用药指导,以促进血必净注射液在临床更加安全、合理及有效的应用。