ORAL MYOFUNCTIONAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE ANTERIOR SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES AND TONGUE THRUST IN PATIENTS WITH CLASS II/1 MALOCCLUSION SUBMITTED TO FIRST PREMOLAR EXTRACTION

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the existence of myofunctional alterations before and after first premolar extraction in Class II/1 malocclusion patients that could endanger the long-term dental arch stability.

Materials and Methods:

The study was performed by means of morphological, functional and electromyographic analyses in 17 Class II/1 malocclusion patients (group T) and 17 Class I malocclusion patients (group C), both groups with 12-30-year age range (mean age: 20.93 ± 4.94 years).

Results:

Data analyzed statistically by Student’s t-test showed a significant decrease in the maxillary and mandibular dental arch perimeters after orthodontic treatment (p<0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test analyzed data from tongue posture at rest and during swallowing, not showing significant differences after treatment (groups Tb and Ta) (p>0.05). However, group T differed significantly from group C (p<0.05). The electromyographic data showed that the anterior right and left suprahyoid muscles acted synergistically in both groups, while having a lower myoelectric activity in group T during swallowing.

Conclusions:

Myofunctional alterations observed after the orthodontic treatment in Class II/1 malocclusion seemed to jeopardize the long-term orthodontic stability, making recurrence possible. Further research should be conducted to compare electromyographic data before and after orthodontic treatment in order to corroborate the results of the present investigation.     

游离股前外侧组织瓣修复全舌或近全舌切除术后组织缺损

目的探讨游离股前外侧组织瓣在全舌或近全舌切除术后组织缺损修复的治疗效果。方法2015年3月-2018年5月,收治15例舌癌(全舌或近全舌切除)患者,肿瘤根治术后应用股前外侧组织瓣同期修复,皮瓣大小为6 cm×10 cm^8 cm×15 cm,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,术后要求患者定期到门诊复查。结果15例皮瓣均成活,术后发生血管危象1例,经探查及相应处理后完全成活。术后于门诊随访12~48个月,平均30个月,舌部受区皮瓣成活良好,术后6个月患者张口度、咀嚼功能恢复良好,但是吞咽及语音功能欠佳;大腿供区运动功能良好,无麻木、疼痛不适。结论全舌或近全舌切根治术后遗留的组织缺损,以游离股前外侧组织瓣进行修复重建,可以较好的恢复舌的部分功能及外形。     

Tongue pressure during swallowing is decreased in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Although dysphagia is a life-threatening problem in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the pathophysiology of oral stage dysphagia is yet to be understood. The present study investigated the tongue motor deficit during swallowing in patients with DMD and its relationship with disease-specific palatal morphology. Tongue pressure during swallowing water was recorded in 11 male patients with DMD and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects using an intra-oral sensor with five measuring points, and the state of tongue pressure production was compared between the groups. Palatal morphology was assessed by a non-contact three-dimensional scanner on maxillary plaster models. In patients with DMD, the normal sequential order of tongue-palate contact was lost and the maximal magnitude and integrated value of tongue pressure on the mid-anterior part of palate were smaller than those in healthy subjects. The width of the palate in patients was greater than that in healthy subjects and the depth of the palate in patients had a negative correlation with tongue pressure magnitude on the median palate. Our results suggested that the deteriorated tongue motor kinetics prevented tongue movement during swallowing that was appropriate for the depth of the palate and affects the state of tongue pressure production during swallowing.     

Pattern of Tongue Pressure on Hard Palate During Swallowing

Contact of the tongue against the hard palate plays an important role in swallowing. This study aimed to clarify the pattern of contact between the tongue and hard palate by analyzing tongue pressure produced in swallowing 15 ml of water by healthy subjects wearing an experimental palatal plate with seven pressure sensors. Tongue pressure was generated initially by close contact with the anteriomedian part of the hard palate, then with the circumferential part, and finally softly with the posteriomedian part. Tongue pressure reached a peak quickly, then decreased gradually before disappearing almost simultaneously at each measured part of the hard palate. Magnitude and duration were significantly larger in the anteriomedian part compared to the other six parts measured, and was significantly smaller in the posteriomedian part. No laterality was found in tongue pressure produced at the circumferential parts of the hard palate. Our findings indicate that the order of tongue contact against each part of the hard palate as well as duration and magnitude of tongue pressure are coordinated precisely during swallowing. These findings could aid assessment of the tongue movement of dysphagic patients during rehabilitation.     

A new application for electropalatography: Swallowing

Electropalatography (EPG) has been applied to linguistic research and speech pathology. This study evaluated whether EPG could provide useful information on swallow-related tongue action. Specifically, the investigation focused on the quantification of tongue-palate contact patterns for swallowing and on the effects of bolus volume and consistency. Five normal subjects were tested during swallows of 5 and 30 ml of water, 5 and 30 ml of gelatin, and saliva. By segmenting the EPG time-motion sequences into four stages (prepropulsion, propulsion, full contact, withdrawal) and compartmentalizing the palate into six bins (front, central, back, lateral, medial, midline), temporal and spatial characteristics of deglutitive tongue-palate contact were revealed. Significant differences (p<0.01) were found in contact timing across bolus sizes and consistencies for the propulsion and full contact stages. Water was propelled faster than gelatin, and 30-ml gelatin faster than 5-ml gelatin. Dry swallows had a longer full contact stage than water. Contact patterns, though not statistically analyzed at this time, appeared to vary little as a function of bolus properties. Our findings suggest potential value in using EPG to investigate the timing and patterning of abnormal tongue movements associated with disordered swallowing.     

90例舌癌术后患者18F-FDG符合线路显像研究及预后分析

目的 探讨舌癌术后患者的18F-FDG符合线路显像结果并分析舌癌预后的危险因素.方法 90例行手术切除并经病理诊断为舌癌的患者均在手术治疗≥3月之后行18F-FDG符合线路显像,计算符合线路显像对舌癌术后复发和（或）转移的诊断效能.舌癌预后分析中,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank检验法进行单因素预后分析,Cox回归模型及逐步回归向后最大似然法进行多因素预后分析.结果 18F-FDG符合线路显像对舌癌术后复发和（或）转移的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.1％ （58/61）、69.0％（20/29）、86.7％（78/90）、86.6％（58/67）、87.0％（20/23）.在34例舌癌术后复发患者中,复发部位以舌体（32.4％,11/34）最为多见.在40例舌癌术后转移患者中,主要为淋巴结转移（65.1％,41/63）,其次为肺转移（27.0％,17/63）、骨骼（6.3％,4/63）转移.90例舌癌术后患者的总体1年生存率为82.5％,3年生存率为54.7％,5年生存率为52.9％.单因素预后分析显示,舌癌术后生存率与TNM临床分期、病理分化等级、早期淋巴结转移、局部复发及远处转移相关（χ2=26.282、9.629、9.629、9.442和4.928,P均＜0.05）.多因素预后分析显示,舌癌术后的预后危险因素为TNM临床分期、病理分化等级、早期淋巴结转移、局部复发、延迟淋巴结转移及远处转移（Wald值=9.855、6.585、5.042、6.271、4.354和5.134,P均＜0.05）.结论 18F-FDG符合线路显像在舌癌术后监测及预后评估中为一种有效的无创性检查方法.     

3种方式处理下颌骨对舌鳞癌患者手术预后的影响

目的：探讨舌癌病人下颌骨的不同处理方法与手术远期预后的关系,为舌癌患者的手术选择提供参考。方法：随访71例接受手术治疗的舌癌患者5年,分析术后影响预后因素,评价3种不同的下颌骨处理方式与患者预后的关系。结果：下颌骨处理方式对于舌鳞癌患者生存率有直接影响,其中未处理下颌骨患者5年总体生存率56.3%,边缘性去骨截骨患者的5年总体生存率为53.6%,而节段性截骨患者的仅为51.7%。结论：舌癌的预后不完全由下颌骨的切除方式决定的,而是由其侵袭性决定的,因此对于舌癌患者要根据不同情况选择不同方式处理下颌骨,在提高患者生存率的情况下,尽量保存下颌骨的完整性。     

RNA干扰TEAD基因对舌癌细胞系Tca8113增殖和侵袭的影响

目的：应用RNA干扰技术抑制人舌癌细胞株Tca8113中内源TEAD基因的水平,观察TEAD基因对舌癌细胞生物学行为的影响。方法：构建针对TEAD基因特异性siRNA真核表达载体,将其转染至Tea8113,采用RT—PCR法检测转染后的Tca8113细胞中TEAD基因的表达。采用CCK8技术检测细胞的增殖情况,采用Transwell法检测细胞的迁移情况。实验数据采用SPSSl3．0软件包进行单因素方差分析。结果：siRNA干扰Tea8113细胞后,TEAD基因的表达水平显著下降（P〈0．05）,细胞生长缓慢,体外侵袭能力下降。结论：通过RNA干扰技术阻断TEAD的表达,可抑制,rca8113细胞的生长、增殖、迁移,提示TEAD基因在舌癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。     

MTUS1／ATIP1对舌鳞癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的：探讨过表达MTUS1/ATIP1对舌鳞癌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法检测人舌鳞癌系UM1、SCC鄄9、SCC鄄15、Tca8113细胞株中MTUS1的表达水平。应用含ATIP1片段的质粒转染舌鳞癌细胞,48 h后MTT检测舌鳞癌细胞的增殖能力;应用流式细胞仪技术和细胞免疫荧光技术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测舌鳞癌细胞中MTUS1、p53、ERK1/2的表达情况。结果转染MTUS1/ATIP1后细胞的增殖明显受到抑制,其抑制率约为40％（t=0.023,P＜0.05）;高表达MTUS1/ATIP1可导致舌鳞癌细胞株G1期阻滞（G1期：t=0.032,G2期：t=0.036,S期：t=0.027,P＜0.05）并诱导细胞凋亡率的明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（t=0.005,P＜0.05）。 Western blot检测显示,转染MTUS1/ATIP1后ERK的表达升高,磷酸化的ERK表达下降,p53的表达升高。结论 MTUS1可抑制舌鳞癌细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。     

Locally advanced tongue squamous cell carcinoma in epidermolysis simplex bullosa patient: a therapeutic conundrum

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a debilitating condition affecting the skin and mucous membranes that is characterised by frequent ulceration and blistering on trivial trauma. In EBS, oral cavity mucosal injuries lead to a high propensity for developing squamous cell carcinomas. Locally advanced tongue carcinoma arising in this background presents a challenging therapeutic conundrum. To our knowledge, this is the first case of aggressive locally advanced tongue carcinoma that has developed sporadically in a patient with EBS and no family history. Routine screening of oral mucosal lesions will lead to early detection and timely management of this debilitating condition.