舌动脉临床解剖学研究

目的 获得舌动脉的临床解剖学资料,为涉及舌动脉的临床应用提供解剖依据.方法 分别在头颈血管的64层螺旋CT血管成像(64-slices spiral computed tomography angiography,CTA)和成人头颈部标本上观察舌动脉的起源、形态、走行,测量舌动脉与颈动脉分叉、舌骨大角的关系,并对其结果进行对比分析.结果 舌动脉主要起源于颈外动脉(CTA组,74.4%;标本组,80%),其次起源于面动脉(CTA组,23.1%;标本组,20%);起源于甲状腺上动脉者少见,在CTA组占2.5%,在标本组中未发现舌动脉起源于甲状腺上动脉.舌动脉走行变异较大,在舌骨大角处较恒定,在CTA组舌动脉在舌骨大角上(2.32±1.29)mm、下(2.00±1.68)mm范围内,近似平行于舌骨大角水平向前入舌.在CTA组和标本组,舌动脉起始点到颈动脉分叉水平和舌骨大角尖端水平之间距离分别为(12.93±7.36)mm、(10.40±5.75)mm;(14.80±6.18)mm、(8.35±5.44)mm.结论 舌动脉在CTA上能清楚地显示,并能获得生理状态下的解剖学资料.     

消化系疾病舌苔变化的凋亡相关基因分子机理研究

目的；检测消化系疾病常见舌苔舌上皮细胞凋亡情况及凋亡相关基因TGF-β3与Fas mRNA和蛋白产物，探讨舌苔厚度变化与舌上皮细胞凋亡、凋亡相关基因表达的关系。方法：运用末端脱氧梭苷酸转移酶介导的脱氧尿嘧啶核苷三磷酸缺口末端标记（TUNEL）技术、原位杂交、免疫组化和图像分析技术。结果：与正常薄苔比较，剥苔Fas基因过度表达伴随细胞凋亡增多．而厚苔TGF-β3基因低表达伴随细胞凋亡减少。舌苔上皮细胞中促凋基因Fas．TGF-β3表达水平变化趋势与细胞凋亡水平变化趋势一致。结沧：凋亡相关基因Fas、TGF-β3表达水平的变化可能是影响舌静上皮细胞凋亡升导致舌苔厚度变化的重要原因。     

Association between epstein barr virus and tongue squamous cell carcinoma in iranian patients

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma suggests its involvement in the carcinogenesis of oral cavity. But, there are few studies on the incidence of EBV genome in squamous cell carcinomas at specific locations in the oral cavity like tongue and with different tumor progression. In this study the presence of EBV genome in tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TSCC) in Iranian patients were investigated. Accordingly, a total of 94 cases with TSCC were firstly analyzed for the presence of viral genome through Nested PCR. Patients were divided into different groups based on their gender and the size, nodal involvement, grade and stage of their tumor. Results showed the presence of EBV genome in 72.3% of TSCCs with no significant difference between two genders, although slightly higher in females. Interestingly, PCR products of EBV genome showed a statistically significant higher distribution in TSCCs at IVa stage (p = 0.04), while a considerable low involvement of EBV genome was seen in T1-sized tumors. The result of this study further emphasizes the role of EBV in oral SCCs – mainly at tongue. This is the first investigation to clarify the association between EBV genome and different tumor size and stage in TSCCs; however, more studies in different regions and larger populations should be performed to be able to draw a firmed conclusion.     

90例舌癌术后患者18F-FDG符合线路显像研究及预后分析

目的 探讨舌癌术后患者的18F-FDG符合线路显像结果并分析舌癌预后的危险因素.方法 90例行手术切除并经病理诊断为舌癌的患者均在手术治疗≥3月之后行18F-FDG符合线路显像,计算符合线路显像对舌癌术后复发和（或）转移的诊断效能.舌癌预后分析中,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank检验法进行单因素预后分析,Cox回归模型及逐步回归向后最大似然法进行多因素预后分析.结果 18F-FDG符合线路显像对舌癌术后复发和（或）转移的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.1％ （58/61）、69.0％（20/29）、86.7％（78/90）、86.6％（58/67）、87.0％（20/23）.在34例舌癌术后复发患者中,复发部位以舌体（32.4％,11/34）最为多见.在40例舌癌术后转移患者中,主要为淋巴结转移（65.1％,41/63）,其次为肺转移（27.0％,17/63）、骨骼（6.3％,4/63）转移.90例舌癌术后患者的总体1年生存率为82.5％,3年生存率为54.7％,5年生存率为52.9％.单因素预后分析显示,舌癌术后生存率与TNM临床分期、病理分化等级、早期淋巴结转移、局部复发及远处转移相关（χ2=26.282、9.629、9.629、9.442和4.928,P均＜0.05）.多因素预后分析显示,舌癌术后的预后危险因素为TNM临床分期、病理分化等级、早期淋巴结转移、局部复发、延迟淋巴结转移及远处转移（Wald值=9.855、6.585、5.042、6.271、4.354和5.134,P均＜0.05）.结论 18F-FDG符合线路显像在舌癌术后监测及预后评估中为一种有效的无创性检查方法.     

Apoptosis, proliferation and gene expression patterns in mouse developing tongue

The Fgf/Fgfr (Fgf receptor) and Bmp signal pathways are critical for embryonic development and postnatal growth. In order to address their roles in tongue development, preliminary study of expression patterns of some important members in the two families, as well as of apoptosis and proliferation, were carried out in mouse developing tongue. Apoptosis in tongue is a very late event in embryogenesis, restricted to the upper layer of the epithelium whereas proliferation is very vigorous at the early stage of tongue development and remains active throughout embryogenesis. Bmp2, −4 and -5 were localized within the mesenchyme at the early embryonic stage of tongue development (E12 to E13), whereas Bmp3 and Bmp7 were mainly expressed in the epithelium. Most of these molecules were also seen in the tongue muscles at postnatal stages. Among Fgfr isoforms, Fgfr1c, −2b, and -2c were detected in embryogenesis with peak expression at E11 to E13. Fgfr1c and Fgfr2c were localized within the mesenchyme, while Fgfr2b was mainly expressed in the epithelium. High expression of Fgf7 and Fgf10 was also detected in the mesenchyme at the early embryonic stage of tongue development, corresponding to the Fgfr expression, suggesting that they are among the principal ligands functioning at the early embryonic expanding stage. Fgf2 was seen in the tongue muscles at the late embryonic and postnatal stages. These results suggest that Bmp and Fgf signalling regulates tongue development at multiple stages, possibly related to proliferation and differentiation.     

图像分割技术在中医舌诊客观化研究中的应用

舌诊是中医四诊的主要内容,是辨证论治的主要依据。客观化研究对中医辨证规范化及中医临床、教学和科研手段的现代化具有重要意义。对舌诊客观化研究中涉及的图像预处理的重要内容——舌体分割提取和舌苔舌质同类区域划分——进行了深入研究,提出了相应算法,通过实验充分证明了算法具有很好的鲁棒性。这给进一步的自动特征提取提供了保障和重要信息。     

Age-related changes in orolingual motor function in F344 vs F344/BN rats

Normal aging is associated with both locomotor and orolingual motor deficits. Preclinical studies of motor function in normal aging, however, have focused primarily on locomotor activity. The purpose of this study was to measure age-related changes in orolingual motor function and compare these changes between two rat strains commonly used in aging studies: Fischer 344 (F344) and Fischer 344/Brown Norway hybrid (F344/BN) rats. Rats (6-, 12-, 18- and 24-months of age) were trained to lick water from an isometric force-sensing operandum so that the number of licks per session, licking rhythm (licks/second) and lick force could be measured. In both strains, the number of licks per session was greatest in the oldest group, while this measure was greater for F344/BN rats at all ages. Peak tongue force increased with age in F344/BN rats, did not change with age in the F344 rats, and was greater for the F344/BN rats at all ages. Both strains exhibited an age-related slowing of licking rhythm beginning with the 18-month-old group. These findings suggest that despite lifespan differences between these two rat strains, diminished tongue motility emerges at the same age.     

中医舌象信息的数字化方法研究

提出一种基于图像处理的舌象检测与分析方法 ,以及研究传统中医舌诊中舌的特征的数字化途径。应用了 2 DGabor小波变换和色度信息较为精确地检测出舌体区域 ;提出了运用统计方法标定舌质和舌苔点以及确定其颜色的算法。舌苔的厚度是通过色度信息和 2 DGabor小波系数能量 (GWTE)进行量化。分析了在不同相位时 ,有无舌纹情况下GWTE呈现出的不同特性 ;根据这一特点用不变矩描述了舌区域的GWTE从而对舌纹的多少作出了定性的说明。通过一定的实验表明 ,本文提出的相关算法是行之有效的 ,并取得了较好的结果。     

Correlation between E-cadherin and CD44 adhesion molecules expression and cervical lymph node metastasis in oral tongue SCC: Predictive significance or not

The aim of this article was to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and CD44 adhesion molecule in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) since inappropriate expression of adhesion molecules raises the metastatic ability of the tumor cells.Biopsy specimens from 92 patients with tongue SCC were examined for the expression of E-cadherin and CD44 by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of immunoreactivity with tumor stage and cervical lymph node metastasis was then analyzed.Sixty-one patients (66.3%) had reduced or negative staining for CD44. Weak or absent staining for E-cadherin was seen in 14 patients (15.21%). Cervical lymph node metastasis is associated with decreased or negative staining for CD44, but no association was found between E-cadherin immunoreactivity and nodal metastasis.Our study reveals that reduced expression of CD44 could be an indicator of high invasiveness of tumor by increasing cervical lymph node metastasis.     

How a plantar pressure-based,tongue-placed tactile biofeedback modifies postural control mechanisms during quiet standing

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a plantar pressure-based, tongue-placed tactile biofeedback on postural control mechanisms during quiet standing. To this aim, 16 young healthy adults were asked to stand as immobile as possible with their eyes closed in two conditions of No-biofeedback and Biofeedback. Centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacements, recorded using a force platform, were used to compute the horizontal displacements of the vertical projection of the centre of gravity (CoG _v ) and those of the difference between the CoP and the vertical projection of the CoG (CoP-CoG _v ). Analysis of the CoP-CoG _v displacements showed larger root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequencies (MPF) in the Biofeedback than in the No-biofeedback condition. Stabilogram-diffusion analysis further showed a concomitant increased spatial and reduced temporal transition point co-ordinates at which the corrective processes were initiated and an increased persistent behaviour of the CoP-CoG _v displacements over the short-term region. Analysis of the CoG _v displacements showed decreased RMS and increased MPF in the Biofeedback relative to the No-biofeedback condition. Stabilogram-diffusion analysis further indicated that these effects mainly stem from reduced spatio-temporal transition point co-ordinates at which the corrective process involving CoG _v displacements is initiated and an increased anti-persistent behaviour of the CoG _v displacements over the long-term region. Altogether, the present findings suggest that the main way the plantar pressure-based, tongue-placed tactile biofeedback improves postural control during quiet standing is via both a reduction of the correction thresholds and an increased efficiency of the corrective mechanism involving the CoG _v displacements.