Ultrastructure and histochemistry of human anterior lingual salivary glands (glands of blandin and nuhn)

Background: Speciamens of human anterior lingual salivary glans obtained by surgery and by dissection of cadavers were studied ultrastructurally and histochemically. Methods: Specimens were obtained by surgery for ultrastructural study. Other specimens for histochemistry were obtained by dissection of fresh cadavers. Tissues for electron microscopy were fixed and processed by conventional mesns. Formalin-fixed cadaver specimens were subjected to a battery of tests for glycoconjugates. Results: The anterior lingual salivary glands are composed predominantly of mucous tubules (which come in two distinct sizes: large and small), seromucous demilunes, and rare seromucous acini. Regardless of tubule size, mucous cells are typically in appearance and, like mucous cells in other human salivary glands, contain filamentous bodies. Histochemically, the larger tubules contain neutral glycoproteins, low concentrations of sialoglycoproteins, and large amounts of sulfated glycoproteins. The small mucous tubules contain neutral glycoproteins, much sialoglycoprotein, and relatively small amounts of sulfated glycoprotein. The seromucous cells, whether demilunar or acinar, are identical. They contain numerous secretory granules, which show a spectrum of internal patterns from one individual to another. These cells have considerable concentrations of neutral- and sialoglycoproteins and lower concentrations of sulfated gly-coproteins. Countrary to previously published reports, we could find no differences in the ratio of mucous to seromucous cells along the anteriorposterior lingual axis: there was no gradient of seromucous cells in our specimens. The ducts in the anterior lingual salivary glands are not precise counterparts of those in the major salivary glands, since the former have no capsules, hence lack lobulation. Without these familiar structural landmarks, the only duct that can be identified with certainty is the intercalated duct, and then only if it is in continuity with or lies close to a secretory endpiece. Such ducts consist of simple cuboidal epithelium of prosaic appearance. The ductular epithelium gradually thickens and gives rise to what appear to be excretory ducts consisting of columnar cells with few mitochondria. Scattered within the walls of the walls of the larger ducts are patches of typical striated ducts wherein the taller cells display basal striations resulting from highly folded basal plasma membranes and numerous, vertically oriented, virgulate mitochondria. In other atypical regions of the excretory duct, basal cells may have a primary cilium that juts into the intercellular space. Conclusions: There is a high degree of structural variability in human anterior lingual salivary glands. Because of the technical difficulties in collecting pristine saliva from these glands, the precise functions(s) of these organs remains unknown. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Transcriptomic and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue

The tumor immune microenvironment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma may be accountable for differences in clinical behavior, particularly between different age groups. We performed RNA expression profiling and evaluated tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their T-cell subsets in order to assess the functional status of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment and detect potentially clinically useful associations. Archival surgical pathology material from sixteen oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients was microscopically evaluated for TIL densities. RNA was extracted from macrodissected whole tumor sections and normal controls and RNA expression profiling was performed by the NanoString PanCancer IO 360 Gene Expression Panel. Immunostains for CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 were evaluated manually and by digital image analysis. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas had increased TIL densities, numerically dominated by CD4 + T cells, followed by CD8 + and FOXP3 + T cells. RNA expression profiling of tumors versus normal controls showed tumor signature upregulation in inhibitory immune signaling (CTLA4, TIGIT and PD-L2), followed by inhibitory tumor mechanisms (IDO1, TGF-β, B7-H3 and PD-L1). Patients older than 44 years showed a tumor microenvironment with increased Tregs and CTLA4 expression. Immunohistochemically assessed CD8% correlated well with molecular signatures related to CD8 + cytotoxic T-cell functions. FOXP3% correlated significantly with CTLA4 upregulation. CTLA4 molecular signature could be predicted by FOXP3% assessed by immunohistochemistry (R² = 0.619, p = 0.026). Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma hosts a complex inhibitory immune microenvironment, partially reflected in immunohistochemically quantified CD8 + and FOXP3 + T-cell subsets. Immunohistochemistry can be a useful screening tool for detecting tumors with upregulated expression of the targetable molecule CTLA4.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12105-020-01229-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

保留下颌骨舌癌联合根治术后复发部位及其因素的分析

作者报道６８例行保留下颌骨舌癌联合根治术病例,其中术后复发２３例,复发率为３３．８％。在这２３例中,其复发部位为：局部复发１５例,对侧颈淋巴结转移７例,肝转移１例。这表明术后局部复发病例数最多,占６５．２％（１５／２３）。此类复发病例再无拯救手术机会、预后极差。本文还着重分析了术后复发因素。认为术后复发与肿瘤原发部位及原发灶病变范围有关。     

Short-term and long-term results after early treatment with the castillo morales stimulating plate

The present study is divided into 2 parts: The first explains the concept of stimulating plate therapy at the Muenster Clinic and the second presents a longitudinal study of mouth and tongue posture in trisomy 21 children treated with this concept.47 children underwent a pre-treatment examination (Rec1), and 38 attended a first follow-up examination (Rec2) after an average of 4 months of stimulating plate treatment. The second follow-up examination (Rec3) was on average 53 months after the end of treatment and covered 18 patients. Data acquisition was based on standardized parent questionnaires and standardized clinical examination records. Rec2 showed in part a highly significant improvement in orofacial appearance. These results were confirmed by the parent interview, according to which the mouth and tongue posture improved in 76.3% of the children during the time they were wearing the plate. Even when the plate was not in place, the result remained stable in 65.8% of the patients. Up to Rec3, further improvement was recorded in some results. The symptoms: mouth mostly wide open and tongue mostly protruding way over lips were reduced. The number of children whose tongue was mostly in the oral cavity increased correspondingly.At Rec3, the parents also rated the mouth posture in 88.9% and the tongue posture in 77.7% of the children as stable or further improved.It can be concluded from the results of this study that stimulating plate treatment in combination with physiotherapy provides a long-term improvement in the mouth and tongue posture of children with Down's syndrome.     

用Cox’s回归模型分析老年人舌鳞癌生存率

目的：探讨老年人舌鳞癌预后的影响因素。方法：收集经病理证实的６３例老年人舌鳞癌,对影响其生存率的众因素进行回归分析。结果：影响其预后的因素依次为①肿瘤的局部控制;②治疗方法;③颈部淋巴结的预防性根治术;④肿瘤大小;⑤年龄。结论：肿瘤的局部控制是影响其预后的关键;其次是颈部淋巴结的根治术;另外综合治疗明显优于单一治疗。建议尽可能选择综合治疗,特别要强调肿瘤的局部控制和预防性颈部淋巴结清扫术。     

舌针治疗假性延髓麻痹45例疗效观察

目的观察舌针治疗中风假性延髓麻痹的疗效.方法将90例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例,治疗组取舌针的心穴、脾穴、肾穴治疗,对照组单纯体针治疗,均12次为一疗程,治疗2个疗程观察疗效.结果治疗组总有效率91.1%,对照组64.4%,两组比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01).结论舌针治疗中风假性延髓麻痹优于单纯体针治疗,是一种较理想的治疗方法.     

舌及口底鳞癌治疗分析

目的 探讨舌及口底鳞癌淋巴转移的手术时机与方式对预后的影响。方法 舌及口底鳞癌67例,非手术组12例(为cN_(2～3)患者),手术组55例。cN_028例行原发灶切除,其中23例行选择性颈淋巴清扫。27例cN_(1～3)(cN15例、cN_(2～3)22例)行原发灶切除加根治性颈淋巴清扫,其中16例cN_(2～3)行岛状肌皮瓣修复术:结果 在34例患者中(cN_(2～3)),手术组5年生存率为54.55％(12/22),非手术组5年生存率为41.67％(5/12)。28例cN_0患者中,4例单纯癌肿切除者术后45～60天出现淋巴转移;23例行选择性颈淋巴结清扫术者,证实13例有隐匿性淋巴结转移,10例未见淋巴结转移。结论 对cN_0患者应尽早行选择性颈淋巴结清扫术。对多区域淋巴结或一个区域多个淋巴结转移的cN_(2～3)患者,手术比非手术组的生存率更高,但后者对提高5年生存质量有一定作用。     

舌根癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨舌根癌的手术治疗方法。方法：舌根癌患者21例，经舌骨咽切开进路11例，下颌骨部分切除进路7例，下唇、下颌骨、舌正中切开进路3例。结果：3例下唇、下颌骨、舌正中切开者出现语言功能障碍，吞咽困难；余18例口腔功能均正常。随访2～5年，失访2例，2年生存18例，3年生存13例，5年生存5例。结论：经舌骨咽切开进路对吞咽功能及语言功能的影响较小，是一种值得推广的术式。     

高温抑制舌癌细胞侵袭及转移机理的实验研究

目的探讨高温治癌与基质金属蛋白酶系统之间的关系,以期阐明高温抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭及转移的机理.方法对舌癌细胞Tca-8113进行体外43℃加温,通过免疫组化、流式细胞术及明胶酶谱活性分析等方法进行分析,以研究加温后该舌癌细胞MMP-9、MMP-2表达量及其活性的改变.结果加温与未加温细胞MMP-9、MMP-2均有表达,但加温后的细胞MMP-9和MMP-2蛋白表达量减少,并且加温后的细胞MMP-9和MMP-2的活性较未加温细胞明显下降.结论高温能通过调节基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9、MMP-2)的表达量及其活性来抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移能力.     

Teratoma of the tongue in neonates: report of a case and review of the literature

A female newborn presented with a huge mass protruding from the mouth. She had no respiratory distress but had difficulty swallowing. The mass originated from the tongue and was completely extirpated on the day of birth. The histologic diagnosis was mature teratoma. Three days later, another mass measuring 1 cm in diameter was found attached to the upper pharyngeal wall and was also completely extirpated 20 days after birth. The histologic diagnosis was also mature teratoma. The infant had a complete cleft palate, but no other malformation was found. Two years after surgery there is no sign of recurrence. Accepted: 22 August 1997