甲状腺结节的二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断研究

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺良、恶性结节的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法：120例甲状腺结节经二维超声了解其声像图表现，然后用彩色多普勒检查，观察结节内部及周边血流分布情况，并将其分为4级。结果：120例302个甲状腺结节中，良性结节264个，恶性结节38个。二维超声显示：恶性结节以实性低回声为主，内可见砂粒样钙化，边界不清，无声晕及包膜；良性结节以等、高回声及囊性、囊实性结节为主，形态规则，边界清，多有声晕及包膜。彩色多普勒超声显示：恶性结节的血流显示率明显高于良性结节，收缩期最高血流速度及阻力指数总体上高于良性结节，且以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级血流为主。结论：二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺良、恶性结节准确率高。具有较大的临床应用价值。     

喉返神经解剖在甲状腺手术中的应用研究

目的探讨解剖喉返神经在甲状腺手术中的应用。方法回顾分析因甲状腺疾病行手术治疗的236例患者的临床资料,共施行甲状腺手术335侧次;甲组101例行甲状腺手术158侧次,术中均未解剖喉返神经,其中57例行双侧甲状腺手术。乙组135例行甲状腺手术同时解剖喉返神经177侧次,其中42例因双侧甲状腺手术而行双侧喉返神经解剖。结果喉返神经损伤均发生在切除甲状腺范围包含背侧腺体时。甲组暂时性损伤2例,永久性损伤1例,损伤率为1.9%;乙组暂时性损伤1例,无永久性损伤病例,损伤率为0.56%;两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=0.382,P<0.01)。结论甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经能减少喉返神经的损伤,切除背侧腺体时应常规解剖喉返神经。     

99mTc-depreotide生长抑素受体显像的临床应用研究

生长抑素受体显像近年来研究较多，depreotide已成为其研究热点之一。Depreotide在诊断与鉴别诊断临床常见的孤立性肺结节方面有其独特优势；此外，^99mTc—depreotide生长抑素受体显像在乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、淋巴瘤等肿瘤及甲状腺相关性眼病等非肿瘤性疾病也有一定应用前景。     

儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌的临床特征及131Ⅰ治疗分析

目的 探讨儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)的特征及评价131Ⅰ治疗的疗效及安全性.方法 共38例儿童及青少年DTC患者,平均年龄16.4岁,男10例,女28例,男女比例为1:2.8;其中37例为乳头状癌,1例为滤泡状癌.所有患者均伴有淋巴结转移,其中单纯淋巴结转移21例,合并肺转移15例,同时合并脑转移和骨转移2例.23例行双侧甲状腺全切除,7例行甲状腺次全切除,5例行单叶甲状腺切除,2例行部分甲状腺切除,1例行单纯肿瘤切除.所有患者术后均接受131Ⅰ治疗,并进行随访.结果 131Ⅰ治疗后随访1～17年,无瘤生存14例,病情明显缓解16例,病情稳定8例.所有患者未出现新的转移及继发肿瘤.结论 儿童及青少年DTC易转移及复发,术后行131Ⅰ治疗安全有效,可明显改善患者生存质量.     

单光子发射计算机断层扫描在颅脑创伤后的临床研究

目的 探索单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECF）在脑外伤评估及预后方面的价值的依据。方法 28例中、重度颅脑损伤患者分别于伤后3天、10天及3～4周接受SPECF、CT检查及临床评定。3个月后所有患者行脑外伤综合征的临床测试，对首检SPECF显像阳性者复查SPECF，分析首检SPECF显像阳性者与损伤程度的关系，动态观察SPECF显像与预后的关系。结果 SPECF显像阳性与脑损伤程度有关，首检SPECF显像阳性提示预后良好，复查SPECF显像阳性提示多出现脑外伤综合征。对幕上损伤患者表现的小脑症状、体征可以做出合理的解释。结论 在中至重度颅脑损伤后SPECF显像与CT扫描比较更敏感，脑SPECF具有无创性、功能性及灵敏性高等特点，是脑外伤后功能评估、预后判断及临床研究的可靠方法。     

Mortality risk associated with ejection fraction differs across resting nuclear perfusion findings

Background  Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a significant predictor of morbidity and death. The nuclear summed rest score (SRS) measures myocardial perfusion defects and provides prognostic information, but its effects on long-term outcomes are not fully established. Moreover, information regarding the potential interaction between these 2 covariates is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the mortality risk associated with LVEF is the same across all values of SRS in a population undergoing evaluation for ischemic heart disease. Methods and Results  We examined 3,187 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization and perfusion single photon emission computed tomography imaging with a maximum follow-up of 8.1 years and median follow-up of 3.1 years. Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that increasing nuclear SRS and decreasing LVEF were independently associated with a higher long-term mortality rate, with a clinically significant interaction between them (P=.032). Patients with a normal LVEF and a high SRS (greater perfusion abnormality) have a prognosis similar to those with a reduced LVEF. Conclusions  Resting perfusion studies provide prognostic information for long-term survival and significantly impact the interpretition of mortality risk associated with changes in LVEF. Patient prognostication, risk stratification, and future research using these variables should take this interaction into account. Supported by a grant from the Tom & Lynn Royster Foundation. Durham, NC, and a National Institutes of Health Research Fellowship Grant (T5 GM08679-04), Bethesda, Md.     

Single-shot ADC imaging for fMRI.

It has been suggested that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) contrast can be sensitive to cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes during brain activation. However, current ADC imaging techniques have an inherently low temporal resolution due to the requirement of multiple acquisitions with different b-factors, as well as potential confounds from cross talk between the deoxyhemoglobin-induced background gradients and the externally applied diffusion-weighting gradients. In this report a new method is proposed and implemented that addresses these two limitations. Specifically, a single-shot pulse sequence that sequentially acquires one gradient-echo (GRE) and two diffusion-weighted spin-echo (SE) images was developed. In addition, the diffusion-weighting gradient waveform was numerically optimized to null the cross terms with the deoxyhemoglobin-induced background gradients to fully isolate the effect of diffusion weighting from that of oxygenation-level changes. The experimental results show that this new single-shot method can acquire ADC maps with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and establish its practical utility in functional MRI (fMRI) to complement the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) technique and provide differential sensitivity for different vasculatures to better localize neural activity originating from the small vessels.     

Lack of modifying effects of atrazine and/or tamoxifen on thyroid carcinogenesis in rats pretreated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN)

The modifying effects of atrazine, and/or tamoxifen, on thyroid carcinogenesis were investigated in a rat two-stage carcinogenesis model following N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) initiation. Five-week-old male F344 rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of DHPN (2800 mg/kg, body weight) or vehicle alone. Starting 1 week later, the animals were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 5, 50 or 500 ppm of atrazine, 500 ppm atrazine plus 5 ppm tamoxifen, or 5 ppm tamoxifen in the DHPN-treated groups, and 0 or 500 ppm of atrazine in the DHPN-untreated groups for 24 weeks. At autopsy major organs, including the thyroid, pituitary, liver, kidney, testis, epididymis, and brain, were collected and histopathologically examined. Body weights were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by the high doses of atrazine or tamoxifen, the effect being enhanced in combination. Relative thyroid weights were significantly increased (P<0.05) only in the tamoxifen-treated group and pituitary weights were elevated with 500 ppm atrazine plus tamoxifen (P<0.05). Relative liver weights were increased by the high dose of atrazine. However, the atrazine and/or tamoxifen treatments did not induce significant histopathological changes in the major organs, including the thyroid, nor cause significant changes in serum TSH levels. These results suggest that neither atrazine nor tamoxifen may promote thyroid carcinogenesis, alone as well as in combination.     

Crisis-related observations in competition: a case study in basketball

This study presents a unique observational approach to basketball, based on the theory of psychological performance crisis in competition. The approach used takes into account the responses of a player's actions to significant social factors such as team-mates, spectators, the coach and the referees. The contribution of this approach beyond traditional observational techniques is discussed. In our investigation, a single case design was used, in which a professional basketball player was observed during 10 home and 3 away games of the regular season. The relations between the observations and the crisis concept are discussed in detail. In addition, some relevant methodological and applied aspects are presented.     

甲状腺微小癌48例临床病理分析

目的 :探讨甲状腺微小癌的病理特征及临床特点。方法 :对 48例甲状腺微小癌进行临床病理分析 ,常规制片HE染色。结果 :48例均为乳头状癌。大体标本 :切面呈灰白色 ,有的灰白色放射状瘢痕样 ,质地中等 ,部分较脆 ,无包膜。随访 43例健在 ,5例失访。结论 :甲状腺微小癌不少见 ,术前大多难以确诊 ,常在术后标本检查时被偶然发现 ,手术切除后预后良好。以锐刀每 0 .2cm作扇形切开 ,取下全部灰白区或瘢痕样组织做病理切片 ,可避免漏诊