硫代葡萄糖甙对碘代谢和甲状腺的影响

猪饲喂８％～１６％英籽饼日粮，平均每日从日粮中摄入９１９．４２～１４１６．０２ｍｇ硫代葡萄糖甙。在连续饲喂１２０天后，其甲状腺肿大，甲状腺滤泡和甲状腺上皮细胞显著增生，细胞质内缺乏分泌颗粒和溶酶体，细胞顶端密集微绒毛；滤泡腔内胶质周边部具有大量吸收空泡，分泌功能旺盛。Ｔ＿４和Ｔ＿４／Ｔ＿３比值明显升高，甲状腺功能亢进。若日粮中增加给碘量和服用解毒剂，猪甲状腺的组织形态学和超微结构接近正常，Ｔ＿４和／Ｔ＿４／Ｔ＿３比值亦趋于正常。     

Ag—NOR计数在区分良恶性甲状腺病变中的意义

随机选择经长期随访证实的滤泡性甲状腺癌和腺瘤各10例,正常甲状腺组织5例作为对照。按Ploton的染色方法和Crocker推荐的计数方法分别计算三组每例各50个细胞的Ag-NOR嗜银颗粒平均数,再算出三组各自的AgNOR均数,经统计学检验三者有极显著性差异。可望成为甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤良恶鉴别的一项辅助指标。     

超声诊断甲状腺腺瘤与单发结节性甲状腺肿的价值

目的　探讨超声在甲状腺腺瘤与单发结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中的价值。方法　对两种疾病的二维及彩色多普勒声像图进行分析并比较。结果　甲状腺腺瘤与单发结节性甲状腺肿比较 ,甲状腺大小、结节大小、结节内回声及周围回声组间差异均无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;结节边缘晕环及结节内部和周边血流信号差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　单发结节性甲状腺肿易误诊为腺瘤 ,结节边缘晕环及结节内部和周边血流信号对鉴别诊断可提供帮助     

Relation between Estrogen Receptor and Malignancy of Thyroid Cancer

The relationship between the histological grade of dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer and estrogen receptors (ER) was examined immunohistochemically. Thyroid cancers were from postmenopausal females of almost the same mean age (69-73 years old) and within the same period of time (1974–1983). ER immunoreactivity located in the nucleus of the epithelium was found in all 6 well differentiated papillary cancers, and 5 of them (83.3%) showed ER-immunoreactive (ER-IR) cells amounting to 20 or more per visual field (x 100) under a light microscope. Of the 6 cases of poorly differentiated papillary cancer, 5 (83.3%) had 1-19 ER-IR cells per visual field. ER-IR cells were negative in 5 out of 6 cases (83.3%) of anaplastic cancers. Thus, the number of ER-IR cells tended to decrease with the degree of atypism of thyroid cancer (P < 0.001).     

Evaluation of local cerebral glucose utilization and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat

Summary The genetically epileptic-prone rat (GEPR) is a valuable model for the study of gene-linked abnormalities involved in epilepsy. In comparison with normal Sprague-Dawley controls, we found, in GEPRs, a marked depression in local cerebral glucose utilization, widespread throughout the brain. This depression was accompanied by a significant increase of blood-brain barrier permeability and a reduction in regional blood volume. Finally GEPRs showed lower plasma levels of total triiodothyronine than normal controls. One can speculate that alterations in cerebral metabolism and microvascular regulation and thyroid hormone imbalance may be gene-linked factors involved in seizure susceptibility.     

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer

Metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer may show different uptake patterns for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and [¹³¹I]NaI. FDG positron emission tomography (PET), iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy (¹³¹I WBS) and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 58 unselected patients, and spiral computed tomography (CT) of the lung in 25 patients. Thirty-eight patients presented with papillary carcinomas, 15 patients with follicular carcinomas and five patients with variants of follicular carcinoma. Primary tumour stage (pT) was pT1 in 3, pT2 in 19, pT3 in 11 and pT4 in 25 cases. For the detection of metastases, FDG PET was found to have a sensitivity of 50%, ¹³¹I WBS a sensitivity of 61%, and the two methods combined a sensitivity of 86%. When FDG PET was limited to patients with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative ¹³¹I WBS, the sensitivity of this algorithm was 82%. Of the 21 patients with lymph node metastases, seven presented with FDG uptake but no iodine uptake. In four of them, a second FDG hot spot appeared in a lymph node metastasis of normal size. Five of the seven patients underwent surgery. None of the eight patients with pulmonary metastases smaller than 1 cm exhibited FDG uptake, while five of them had iodine uptake. All had positive results on spiral CT. In conclusion, FDG PET cannot be substituted for ¹³¹I WBS. If the Tg level is elevated and ¹³¹I WBS is negative, FDG PET can be used to detect lymph node metastases and complements anatomical imaging. A spiral CT of the lung is useful to exclude pulmonary metastases before planning a dissection of iodine-negative lymph node metastases. Received 2 May and in revised form 8 July 1997     

放射性碘在大鼠甲状腺内的滞留模式及剂量估算

为确定放射性碘在甲状腺内滞留模式，观察甲状腺吸收放射性碘后的生物效应，进而评价其辐射危害。方法利用活体测量方法，直接测量两个不同年龄组大鼠甲状腺内１３１Ⅰ的代谢参数。对测量数据进行处理后得到了大鼠甲状腺内１３１Ⅰ的滞留函数为三指数项函数。结果利用所得三指数项滞留函数的准确方法进行剂量估算，所得的两组动物的甲状腺平均累积吸收剂量分别为７．７Ｇｙ和１１．５Ｇｙ，而一般方法算得的大鼠甲状腺的平均累积吸收剂量比用准确方法高估了６６％～９１％。结论由于准确方法考虑到影响估算甲状腺所受剂量的一些因素，故可相对准确地反映了１３１Ⅰ所致不同年龄大鼠甲状腺的吸收剂量。     

CD26及半乳糖凝集素3免疫组织化学染色在甲状腺癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨CD26／DPPⅣ、半乳糖凝集素3免疫组织化学染色及其联合检测在甲状腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法采用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测了114例良恶性甲状腺肿瘤组织中CD26／DPPⅣ及半乳糖凝集素3的表达。结果CD26／DPPⅣ及半乳糖凝集素3在正常甲状腺组织中无表达，在甲状腺腺瘤及滤泡癌中少有表达，在大多数甲状腺乳头状癌中呈不同程度的阳性表达。相对于甲状腺腺瘤而言，CD26／DPPⅣ诊断乳头状癌的敏感性、特异性、诊断准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及kappa值分别为86．8％、97．2％、90．4％、98．3％．79．5％及0．80，半乳糖凝集素3分别为97．1％、91．7％、95．2％、95．7％、94．3％及0．89。结论CD26／DPPⅣ及半乳糖凝集素3均是甲状腺乳头状癌较为可靠的标志物，可以辅助常规的病理检查进行乳头状癌与腺瘤的鉴别诊断，它们在甲状腺滤泡癌诊断中的应用价值尚有待于进一步的研究。     

甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤Logistic判别分析及预后分析

本文对８５例滤泡性腺癌（ＦＣ）、６１例滤泡性腺瘤及２３例未定性滤泡性肿瘤的临床病理指标进行了多元分析。选出１２项良恶鉴别的指标，建立了ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ判别方程，判别符合率１００％。１４１例获随访结果，其中１１６例随访达１０年以上。随防结果分析显示ＦＣ微小浸润型和明显浸润型自下而上率差异显著，１１项临床病理指标对ＦＣ有预后意义。     

甲状腺结节的二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断研究

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺良、恶性结节的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法：120例甲状腺结节经二维超声了解其声像图表现，然后用彩色多普勒检查，观察结节内部及周边血流分布情况，并将其分为4级。结果：120例302个甲状腺结节中，良性结节264个，恶性结节38个。二维超声显示：恶性结节以实性低回声为主，内可见砂粒样钙化，边界不清，无声晕及包膜；良性结节以等、高回声及囊性、囊实性结节为主，形态规则，边界清，多有声晕及包膜。彩色多普勒超声显示：恶性结节的血流显示率明显高于良性结节，收缩期最高血流速度及阻力指数总体上高于良性结节，且以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级血流为主。结论：二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺良、恶性结节准确率高。具有较大的临床应用价值。